WO1985001567A1 - Bruleur - Google Patents

Bruleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985001567A1
WO1985001567A1 PCT/SE1984/000325 SE8400325W WO8501567A1 WO 1985001567 A1 WO1985001567 A1 WO 1985001567A1 SE 8400325 W SE8400325 W SE 8400325W WO 8501567 A1 WO8501567 A1 WO 8501567A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
flue gas
conduit
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1984/000325
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eyvind Frilund
Per Holmberg
Original Assignee
HB-CONSULT RA^oDGIVANDE INGENJÖRER AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HB-CONSULT RA^oDGIVANDE INGENJÖRER AB filed Critical HB-CONSULT RA^oDGIVANDE INGENJÖRER AB
Publication of WO1985001567A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985001567A1/fr
Priority to DK241785A priority Critical patent/DK241785A/da

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for the combustion of a fluid, comprising a combustion chamber between an inlet for primary air and an outlet for flue gas, and a conduit opening into the combustion chamber, for the supply of said fluid.
  • the invention has been proposed particularly for burning contaminated gas or gas the combustion of which involves other difficulties when conventional methods are applied as far as combustion and environment considerations are concerned.
  • the application on electrode furnaces for the production of aluminium by melting electrolysis of a solution of inter alia aluminia and cryolite may be mentioned, but the invention can be applied also to process gas e.g. from arch furnaces (electrode melting furnaces).
  • the invention can be applied to low grade and high grade gas, of any type, such as natural gas, and moreover not only to clean gas or gas with solid particulate contaminations but also to suspensions of solid particles in gas, e.g. coal powder suspensions in air.
  • gas e.g. coal powder suspensions in air.
  • Other fluids to which the invention can be applied are oil and e.g. coal powder suspensions in water.
  • the so-called S ⁇ derberg-electrode may be provided.
  • This electrode comprises a thin casing of metal sheet, forming a shaft, to which briquettes are supplied consisting of coal powder with tar as a binder.
  • the briquettes are baked or sintered at the lower end of the electrode.
  • the electrode is produced directly in the furnace.
  • the casing is
  • the electrode of the S ⁇ derberg-type is preferred before the electrode of the pre-baked type which necessitates discontinuous operation due to exchange of electrodes when an electrode has been consumed and has to be replaced by a new electrode.
  • a drawback of the S ⁇ derberg-electrode is that when the briquettes are baked or sintered during the use of the electrode, flue gas is generated containing in addition to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also unburnt coal, tar and hydrocarbon products (bensapyren and others) to a considerably greater extent than in case of the electrode of the pre-baked type which is baked and sintered and thus "burnt-off" before it is installed into the electrode furnace.
  • the flue gas escaping from an electrode furnace operating with electrodes of the pre-baked type as a consequence thereof is cleaner and easier to handle and causes less environmental problems than the flue gas from an electrode furnace operating with electrodes of the S ⁇ derberg-type.
  • the flue gas from electrode furnaces which are used for melting electrolysis of a solution of alumina and cryolite in the production of aluminium contains also alumina and fluor, said latter substance being present not only in gas phase but also in solid phase as fluor compounds (salts and fluorides).
  • the solid components in the flue gas are separated in filters either electro-filters or hose filters, not only for environmental reasons in order that cleaner flue gas shall be discharged into the surroundings, but above all in order to recover alumina and fluor compounds.
  • tar which is present in the flue gas causes problems in the filtering operation due to the fact that the filter, if it is a hose filter, is blocked by the tar and that the tar, if the filter is an electro-filter, forms a coating on the electrodes.
  • the tar causes trouble by adhering to the surfaces in the conduits through which the flue gas is evacuated, and also on the surfaces in heat exchangers, if any, for recovering heat energy from the flue gas.
  • the purpose of the invention is to provide a burner of the type referred to above, which particularly facilitates a more effective cleaning of the flue gas from an electrode furnace with an anode of the S ⁇ derberg-type such that the final product of the flue gas after filtering is a completely clean burnt-out gas
  • OMPI which may escape to the surroundings without a risk for environmental damage being involved.
  • the invention shall also be possible to control in a more favourable way the temperature of the flue gas such that a desired energy level of the flue gas can be selected e.g. for adaptation to heat exchangers for heat recovery or to other apparatus.
  • a desired energy level of the flue gas can be selected e.g. for adaptation to heat exchangers for heat recovery or to other apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, of two electrode furnaces with an anode of the S ⁇ derberg-type and connected to a burner of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of one embodiment of the burner
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 to which reference is made, two electrode furnaces are shown each comprising a furnace chamber 10 the bottom of which is constructed as a cathode 11 while an anode 12 extends downwards from above into the furnace chamber.
  • the anode is of the S ⁇ derberg-type and thus is constructed in the manner explained in more detail above.
  • the furnace chamber 10 is provided with a hood or covering 13 for collecting the flue gas developed in the furnace chamber when the electrode furnace is in operation. If it is assumed that the electrode furnace is used for melting electrolysis of a solution of inter alia alumina and cryolite, said flue gas will contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburnt coal, tar, hydrocarbon products, alumina, fluor, and fluor compounds as mentioned above.
  • a conduit 14 is extended from the hood or covering 13 for evacuating the flue gas from the furnace, and the conduit from each electrode furnace is connected to a burner 15 which is common to both furnaces, for afterburning the flue gas. Additional furnaces can be connected to a common burner.
  • the burner 15 is of an embodiment which is more clearly shown in FIG. 2 and comprises a combustion chamber 16 formed as two truncated cones the large ends of which are facing each other such that the combustion chamber has a wider central portion and tapers from this portion towards the upper and lower end, respectively.
  • the conduits 14 are connected to a supply conduit 17 for the flue gas, which extends coaxially into the combustion chamber, which is symmetric around the longitudinal axis thereof, through the upper end of the chamber and terminates in the region of the wider central portion of the combustion chamber where the supply conduit is terminated by an end wall 18.
  • Annularly arranged outlet apertures 19 formed as slots or gills, which are elongated in the axial direction of the supply conduit, are spaced a short distance above the end wall 18 while annularly arranged outlet apertures 20 are located below the openings 19 adjacent the end wall 18.
  • a conduit 22 with a valve 23 is connected to an annular opening 21 between the supply conduit 17 and the wall of the combustion chamber at the upper end thereof where a turbulator 21' may be provided, for the supply of primary air to the combustion chamber via the turbulator.
  • the lower end of the combustion chamber connects to a diffusor 24 which changes into an outlet socket 25, and the combustion
  • JO PI chamber 16 as well as the diffusor 24 is surrounded by an outer housing 26 which defines together with the wall of the combustion chamber an annular air passage 27 for the supply of secondary air which is admitted to the air passage 27 at the top through a conduit 28 with a valve 29 and at the bottom through a conduit 30 with a valve 31.
  • Inlets 32 for secondary air are arranged in the wall of the combustion chamber in the wider central region thereof slightly below the closed lower end of the supply conduit 17.
  • An ignitor 33 is provided in the combustion chamber 16 and is located in the upper region of the combustion chamber adjacent the annular opening 21, and this ignitor can be of the type burning oil or gas or of the electric type. In the present case it is shown as an ignition burner the flame of which is directed downwards in an inclined direction into the combustion chamber 16. Also the outlet socket 25 is surrounded by an outer housing 34 which is connected to a conduit 35 with a valve 36, for the supply of cooling air for which an outlet 37 is provided in the outlet socket 25 so that the air is supplied to the combustion chamber as tertiary air. A conduit 38 is connected to the outlet socket for carrying away the flue gas discharged from the burner 15, and a suction fan 39 can be connected into said conduit as shown herein.
  • the ignitor 33 When the burner 15 is in operation, the ignitor 33 is continuously energized, if this is necessary considering the gas quality, and the flue gas developed in the electrode furnaces is sucked by the fan 39 from the furnaces through the reactor then to be carried along through the conduit 38 to a filter, heat exchanger, or other apparatus before the flue gas is allowed to escape to the surroundings.
  • Primary air, secondary air, and tertiary air is supplied to the burner from a fan at a suitable pressure and at a suitable flow rate, which are controlled by means of the valves 23, 29, 31, and 36.
  • the flue gas is ejected radially from the supply conduit 17 through the slot apertures 19 to arrive at the combustion chamber, but part of the gas also is ejected through the apertures 20 and this gas carries along heavier solid particles entrained into the flue gas.
  • the end wall 18 is formed at the periphery thereof as an annular deflector to direct the gas flow and solid particles entrained therein from the apertures 20 at a small angle upwards towards the upper end of the combustion chamber, but the gas may also be ejected from the supply conduit radially or this conduit may be open at the end thereof, the opening facing the opening 21 axially.
  • the primary air arrives at the combustion chamber 16 through the opening 21 via the turbulator 21' and thus a turbulent motion is imparted to the air in the combustion chamber.
  • the air meets the secondary air supplied through the apertures 32 and the flue gas supplied through the apertures 19 and 20.
  • the flue gas whirling upwards around the supply conduit 17 and then meets the primary air also rotating around the supply conduit 17.
  • whirls are formed in the combustion chamber in the manner indicated in FIG. 2.
  • Combustible components of the flue gas such as tar, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, are ignited by the ignitor 33 and are burnt intensely in the combustion chamber by the thorough mixing of flue gas and air and the internal flue gas feedback taking place in the combustion chamber due to the form thereof.
  • OMp flue gas (fuel) supplied through the conduit 17 flows upwards along the outside surface of the conduit, said gas will be thermally decomposed (cracking) before the combustion proper begins at the upper portion of the combustion chamber adjacent the opening 21. Then, the conduit 17 will be cooled by the thermal decomposition requiring energy. Moreover, there is obtained some pre-heating of the flue gas (fuel) supplied through the conduit 17.
  • other gas than such gas as is obtained from the production of aluminium, e.g. high grade or low grade fuel gas, which normally burns with a slightly luminous or non-luminous flame, there is obtained by the existing thermal decomposition a yellow luminous flame which radiates heat to the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the radiated heat may amount to 40-50 % of the total heat emission which otherwise is effected by convection in the combustion chamber, if the conduit 17 is made adjustable, a satisfactory control can be obtained for optimizing the combustion conditions.
  • the flue gas substantially burnt-out passes through the narrower opening 40 formed by the combustion chamber at the lower end thereof, into the diffusor 24. Since the flue gas must pass through the constriction, a load-dependent positive pressure can be maintained in the combustion chamber, which means that the flame length will be limited and that more constant temperature conditions will be maintained in the flame during the combustion. Under these conditions it is achieved that the combustion chamber 15 can be made more "compact” or limited. The pressure loss in the constriction will be regained in the diffusor 24 where final combustion of the flue gas takes place.
  • tertiary air cooling air
  • the gas flow to the burner in the specific application considered herein is not constant but will vary. Such variation can arise e.g. in the manufacture of aluminium, due to the fact that the crust covering the charge in the furnace, is broken from time to time for charging the furnace or for tapping molten ' aluminium from the furnace by a siphon.
  • the ignitor 33 being operated continuously for igniting the flue gas if it cannot be self-ignited due to an existing reduction of the supply of flue gas, and by the combustion zone in the combustion chamber 16
  • the supply conduit 17 at the opening end thereof there is obtained a self-cleaning, because major solid particles are given no chance of collecting in the supply conduit but are blown-out through the apertures 20.
  • the diffusor 24 prevents pressure drops and adhesion of solid particles in the outlet from the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 3 principally is constructed in the same way as the embodiment of FIG. 2, but there are some constructive differences between the two embodiments.
  • the combustion chamber is not provided with a cooling passage (cooling housing) and in the second place the secondary air is supplied in a somewhat different way.
  • an internal cone 41 which defines together with the wall of the combustion chamber a gap 42.
  • the conduit 22 opens through the aperture 21 into the cone 41
  • the conduit 28 opens into the gap 42.
  • the ignition burner 33 opens into the cone 41. The ignition of the flue gas (fuel) supplied thus is, effected inside the cone 41, while primary air is being supplied.
  • the supply conduit 17 opens into the region of a wider ' central portion of the combustion chamber 16, it is intended that this region may comprise not only a central cylindrical portion, if any, as in the embodiment of FIG. 3, but also parts of the conical end portions joining a cylindrical portion or joining each other, to one third of the height thereof.
  • the invention provides a burner which requires restricted service and maintenance and which easily can be adapted to different fluid fuels.
  • the burner is a low emission and low temperature burner which is particularly well suited for the application described with reference to FIG. 1 as well as combustion of conventional gaseous or fluid fuels, no admixture of air to the fuel being necessary at the fuel supply as is otherwise often required.

Abstract

Brûleur pour brûler un fluide. Le brûleur comporte une chambre de combustion (16) entre une entrée (21) d'air primaire et une sortie (40) de gaz de fumée, ainsi qu'un conduit (17) s'ouvrant dans la chambre de combustion pour l'alimentation en fluide. Ce conduit s'étend dans la chambre de combustion pour s'ouvrir dans la région d'une partie centrale plus large de la chambre de combustion qui se rétrécit en cône en direction de ses deux extrémités.
PCT/SE1984/000325 1983-09-30 1984-10-01 Bruleur WO1985001567A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK241785A DK241785A (da) 1983-09-30 1985-05-30 Braender til forbraending af et fluidum, isaer gas

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8305351-2 1983-09-30
SE8305351A SE441775B (sv) 1983-09-30 1983-09-30 Brennare

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985001567A1 true WO1985001567A1 (fr) 1985-04-11

Family

ID=20352701

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1984/000325 WO1985001567A1 (fr) 1983-09-30 1984-10-01 Bruleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0188426A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3435484A (fr)
DK (1) DK241785A (fr)
NO (1) NO852179L (fr)
SE (1) SE441775B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985001567A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5178844A (en) * 1990-04-03 1993-01-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for producing nitride products
US5219537A (en) * 1990-04-03 1993-06-15 Phillips Petroleum Company Production of nitride products
US7615645B2 (en) 2003-10-21 2009-11-10 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for the continuous production of aldehydes
US9005570B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2015-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for treating a carbon dioxide-containing waste gas from an electrofusion process

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1062873B (de) * 1952-08-15 1959-08-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gasbrenner, vorzugsweise fuer Brennkammern von Gasturbinen
NO138046B (no) * 1973-11-19 1978-03-06 Nils Oestbo Ab Ovn for destruksjon av luktstoffer i gasser
DE2700786B2 (de) * 1977-01-11 1979-07-26 Hermann Rappold & Co Gmbh, 5160 Dueren Keramischer Gasbrenner für Winderhitzer
SE410802B (sv) * 1974-12-11 1979-11-05 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Eldningsforfarande och eldningsanleggning for utovande av forfarandet
EP0053911A1 (fr) * 1980-12-09 1982-06-16 John Zink Company Brûleur rayonné en forme d'un tableau à adduction forcée d'air

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1062873B (de) * 1952-08-15 1959-08-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gasbrenner, vorzugsweise fuer Brennkammern von Gasturbinen
NO138046B (no) * 1973-11-19 1978-03-06 Nils Oestbo Ab Ovn for destruksjon av luktstoffer i gasser
SE410802B (sv) * 1974-12-11 1979-11-05 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Eldningsforfarande och eldningsanleggning for utovande av forfarandet
DE2700786B2 (de) * 1977-01-11 1979-07-26 Hermann Rappold & Co Gmbh, 5160 Dueren Keramischer Gasbrenner für Winderhitzer
EP0053911A1 (fr) * 1980-12-09 1982-06-16 John Zink Company Brûleur rayonné en forme d'un tableau à adduction forcée d'air

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Derwent's abstract No. 83-704244/27, SU 953 372 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5178844A (en) * 1990-04-03 1993-01-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for producing nitride products
US5219537A (en) * 1990-04-03 1993-06-15 Phillips Petroleum Company Production of nitride products
US7615645B2 (en) 2003-10-21 2009-11-10 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for the continuous production of aldehydes
US9005570B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2015-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for treating a carbon dioxide-containing waste gas from an electrofusion process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE441775B (sv) 1985-11-04
DK241785D0 (da) 1985-05-30
SE8305351D0 (sv) 1983-09-30
DK241785A (da) 1985-07-25
NO852179L (no) 1985-05-30
AU3435484A (en) 1985-04-23
SE8305351L (sv) 1985-03-31
EP0188426A1 (fr) 1986-07-30

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