WO1985000707A1 - Moteur monophase a rotor aimante presentant n/2 paires de poles par face - Google Patents
Moteur monophase a rotor aimante presentant n/2 paires de poles par face Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1985000707A1 WO1985000707A1 PCT/CH1984/000113 CH8400113W WO8500707A1 WO 1985000707 A1 WO1985000707 A1 WO 1985000707A1 CH 8400113 W CH8400113 W CH 8400113W WO 8500707 A1 WO8500707 A1 WO 8500707A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- poles
- motor according
- stator
- torque
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C15/00—Clocks driven by synchronous motors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C13/00—Driving mechanisms for clocks by master-clocks
- G04C13/08—Slave-clocks actuated intermittently
- G04C13/10—Slave-clocks actuated intermittently by electromechanical step advancing mechanisms
- G04C13/11—Slave-clocks actuated intermittently by electromechanical step advancing mechanisms with rotating armature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
- H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
- H02K37/12—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K37/125—Magnet axially facing armature
Definitions
- This invention relates to the single-phase motor with magnetic rotor, having on each of its two faces N / 2 pairs of poles.
- a first type is that for which the rotor has N pairs of poles, the pairs in question can be defined by magnetization axes which are parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, so that the rotor has N poles on each of its two faces.
- a second type is that for which the rotor has on each of its two faces N / 2 pairs of poles, the pairs in question being defined by magnetization curves which are contained in planes parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, so that the rotor has N poles on each of its two faces.
- the engine of the present invention essentially relates to this second type.
- the object of the invention is to design an electric motor of optimum efficiency in a given space, using existing materials and which can be manufactured by industrial processes.
- Another object of the invention is the design of an engine whose range of powers can be very wide, without modification of the engine design.
- Another object of the present invention is the design of a motor whose number of steps per revolution can be very large, without modifying the design of the motor.
- the field of application of the engine of the present invention is therefore very wide.
- medical instrumentation including systems that can be implemented in the human body, training systems for the aeronautical and space industry, office automation, robotics, photographic equipment, timepieces, etc.
- the motor according to the present invention operating in stepping mode is suitable for all systems using digital technology, and more particularly for all those where the criteria of space, efficiency and power are decisive.
- the subject of the invention is a single-phase motor which is characterized by the structure described in claim 1, which has variants described in claims 2 to 8, which can be adapted to the operating modes mentioned in claims 9 to 11 , using the means mentioned in claims 12 to 15 or 16 to 19, and which can be mounted in the manner indicated in claim 20.
- Fig. 1 shows a simplified top view of the engine according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a simplified exploded view of the engine, illustrating its structure.
- Fig. 3 shows a simplified side section of the engine, illustrating the principle of positioning the engine.
- Fig. 4 shows a simplified section of the engine, illustrating] e rotor mounting principle.
- Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the rotor of the motor according to the invention.
- Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a variant of the motor rotor according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 represents the asymmetry of a pole of a pole piece.
- Fig. 8 shows the soft, fixed ferromagnetic disc, with hollowed out portions
- Fig. 9 is a linear sequence of the engine, illustrating its operating principle.
- Figs. 10a, 10b and 10c represent the shape of the pairs, of po ⁇ sitioning and mutual, as well as the voltage pulses to be applied to the coil, when the motor is adapted to the bipolar step mode of operation.
- Figs. 11a and 11b represent the shape of the torques, of position and mutual, as well as the voltage pulses to be applied to the coil, when the motor is adapted to the unipolar step mode of operation.
- This figure is a simplified exploded top view of the engine, which illustrates the structure of the engine.
- the rotor 1 is made of ferromagnetic material with a high coercive field and a low density, such as samarium-cobalt. It has on each of its two faces N / 2 pairs of poles. For each side, the poles are alternately of opposite sign and spaced by an equal angular interval. In addition, the poles on one side are directly opposite those on the other side and of the same sign. This is illustrated in Fig. 5.
- FIG. 6 A variant relating to the rotor is illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the rotor is formed in two parts separated by a disc 1b of soft ferro ⁇ magnetic material. Each part has N axes of magnetization of alternately opposite directions. These axes are parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor and are separated by an equal angular interval.
- the poles of the external face of one of the parts of the rotor are directly opposite those of the external face of the other part of the rotor and of the same sign.
- the rotor is arranged between two stators, one, lower, of index a, the other, upper, of index b.
- Each stator is made up of two overlapping coplanar pole pieces, one inside, the other outside, designated below: 2a for the inside pole piece of the lower stator a; 3a for the outer pole piece of the lower stator a; 2b for the inner pole piece of the upper stator b, and 3b for the outer pole piece of the upper stator b.
- the pole pieces are made of ferromagnetic material with a low coercive field and high saturation induction.
- each stator The two pole pieces of each stator are coplanar and separated by a sinuous air gap 4.
- Each pole piece consists of N / 2 poles 5, spaced at an angular interval twice that existing between the poles of each face of the rotor.
- the core 6 is made of ferromagnetic material with a low coercive field and with high saturation induction.
- a coil 7 is wound around the core.
- the assembly is mounted, by way of example, in the manner illustrated in FIG. 3 and described below.
- the lower stator is placed on a piece of non-ferromagnetic material 8.
- the pole pieces 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b are positioned by four screw feet 9, 9e.
- the two screw feet 9e have a shoulder 10 on which the pole pieces of the upper stator bear.
- the screw feet may or may not be made of ferromagnetic material.
- Two spacers 11, made of soft ferromagnetic material, are interposed in the space between each of the ends of the core and each pole piece of the upper stator.
- the mounting device described above ensures, by the screw-feet, the correct positioning in their planes of the pole pieces, and by the shoulders and the spacers, the correct positioning in height of the pole pieces.
- the rotor is mounted as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the rotor pivots in bearings 12 with low contact friction.
- the material used for the bearings is, for example, ruby.
- a pinion 13 is integral with the axis of rotation la of the rotor and makes it possible to transmit the rotational movement of the rotor to the entire gear train 14.
- the poles of the pole pieces can also be made asymmetric with respect to the radial axes defining the angular interval between the poles.
- An example is given in FIG. 7. This design allows, as we will see later, to create a phase shift between the positioning torque and the mutual torque, thus allowing the motor to self-start.
- the magnetic connections are shown symbolically by simple lines.
- the ends A and B of the core 6 have also been indicated.
- the coil 7 is wound around the core 6.
- the positioning torque that is to say that due to the magnetic rotor, in the absence of current in the coil
- the motor therefore has an inversion of the flow of the rotor in the core on an angle of rotation of the rotor equal to 2 ⁇ r / N.
- the coil wound on the core it follows, according to the laws of electromechanical, an interaction torque between the coil and the rotor ai ⁇ mantle, torque called mutual torque below, period 4 ⁇ r / N and whose equilibrium positions correspond to the rotor positions, for which the pairs of rotor poles are directly opposite the poles of the pole pieces of the stators.
- the permeance of the coil is limited by the sinuous air gap existing between the coplanar pole pieces of each stator.
- the motor In the absence of current, the motor has a torque due to the magnetized ro ⁇ tor, a torque referred to below as positioning torque.
- positioning torque In the position of the rotor shown in FIG. 9, the permeance seen by the fluxes coming from the pairs of poles of the rotor is maximum. In this position, in accordance with the laws of electromechanics, the magnetic energy being negative, it is minimal and corresponds to a position of stable equilibrium.
- the motor therefore has a positioning torque of 2 ⁇ r / N period.
- the paces of the positioning pairs Ma and mutual Mab are given in FIG. 10a as a function of the angle of rotation of the rotor.
- the phase shift ⁇ can be created, for example, thanks to the easy ⁇ metry of the poles of the pole pieces.
- An exemplary embodiment is given in FIG. 7.
- the asymmetry of the poles of the pole pieces modifies the position of the rotor for which the permeance seen by the fluxes of the pairs of poles of the rotor is maximum, and therefore the position of stable equilibrium. This results in the announced angular offset between the mutual couple and. the positioning torque, as shown in FIG. 10b. as a function of the angle of rotation ⁇ of the rotor.
- the poles of the pole pieces are dimensioned so that the positioning torque introduced by these poles is negligible with respect to the mutual torque. This can be done in particular by reducing the sinuous air gap between the coplanar pole pieces of the stators.
- the positioning torque, as well as the phase shift, are created by an auxiliary system so that the positioning torque has a period of 4 ⁇ r / N, that is to say the same period as that of the mutual torque.
- the way in which such an auxiliary system can be designed is known and is not explained.
- the paces of the positioning pairs Ma and mutual Mab are given for this second variant in FIG. 11a, analogous to FIG. 10b.
- auxiliary system in the case of the bipolar stepper motor.
- the auxiliary system is then designed to give a positioning torque of period 2 ⁇ r / N.
- the positioning torque is made negligible vis-à-vis the mutual torque. It is however advantageous to allow a slight positioning torque and a phase shift to remain. between this positioning torque and the mutual torque, with the aim of ensuring the auto-starting of the engine.
- this disc is, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 8. It has N recessed parts 15, placed at equal distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor and spaced by an equal angular interval. It is arranged in such a case that the positioning torque introduced by the poles of the pole pieces of the stator is low compared to the positioning torque introduced by the ferromagnetic disc.
- the recessed parts of the fixed soft ferromagnetic disc are offset with respect to the radial sections of the sinuous air gap, as defined by claim 16, so as to create a phase shift between the mutual torque and the positioning torque.
- the recessed parts of the fixed soft ferromagnetic disc can be placed symmetrically with respect to the radial sections of the winding air gap, as defined by claim 18.
- the explanations provided can easily be transposed to the case where a positioning torque of period 4 ⁇ r / N is desired.
- the fixed soft feragnagnetic disc then has N / 2 hollowed out parts.
- the flux of each pair of rotor poles is maximized by the fact that the flux is picked up and closes by the poles of the pole pieces which are directly opposite of the poles of each of the pairs.
- the engine according to the invention has the further aim of presenting a range of powers which can be very wide, without modification of the design of the engine.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH388483 | 1983-07-15 | ||
CH3884/83-6 | 1983-07-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1985000707A1 true WO1985000707A1 (fr) | 1985-02-14 |
Family
ID=4265574
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH1984/000113 WO1985000707A1 (fr) | 1983-07-15 | 1984-07-11 | Moteur monophase a rotor aimante presentant n/2 paires de poles par face |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0149647A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS60501886A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1985000707A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1238445A (fr) * | 1959-07-03 | 1960-08-12 | Lepaute Henry S Ets | Moteur électrique autodémarreur à aimants permanents |
FR74145E (fr) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-11-07 | Hatot Leon Ets | Perfectionnements aux petites machines et aux instruments magnéto-électriques |
FR2088973A5 (fr) * | 1970-04-30 | 1972-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | |
GB1537048A (en) * | 1976-09-23 | 1978-12-29 | United Gas Industries Ltd | Synchronous motors |
US4167661A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1979-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Microwave oven |
GB1586056A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1981-03-18 | Ricoh Watch | Pulse motors |
DE2938771A1 (de) * | 1979-09-25 | 1981-04-02 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Elektrisch-mechanischer wandler |
-
1984
- 1984-07-11 JP JP50273284A patent/JPS60501886A/ja active Pending
- 1984-07-11 EP EP19840902697 patent/EP0149647A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-07-11 WO PCT/CH1984/000113 patent/WO1985000707A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR74145E (fr) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-11-07 | Hatot Leon Ets | Perfectionnements aux petites machines et aux instruments magnéto-électriques |
FR1238445A (fr) * | 1959-07-03 | 1960-08-12 | Lepaute Henry S Ets | Moteur électrique autodémarreur à aimants permanents |
FR2088973A5 (fr) * | 1970-04-30 | 1972-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | |
US4167661A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1979-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Microwave oven |
GB1586056A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1981-03-18 | Ricoh Watch | Pulse motors |
GB1537048A (en) * | 1976-09-23 | 1978-12-29 | United Gas Industries Ltd | Synchronous motors |
DE2938771A1 (de) * | 1979-09-25 | 1981-04-02 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Elektrisch-mechanischer wandler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0149647A1 (fr) | 1985-07-31 |
JPS60501886A (ja) | 1985-10-31 |
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