WO1985000212A1 - Systeme de chauffage solaire d'air - Google Patents

Systeme de chauffage solaire d'air Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1985000212A1
WO1985000212A1 PCT/US1984/001005 US8401005W WO8500212A1 WO 1985000212 A1 WO1985000212 A1 WO 1985000212A1 US 8401005 W US8401005 W US 8401005W WO 8500212 A1 WO8500212 A1 WO 8500212A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage volume
heat exchanger
collector
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1984/001005
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Stein
Original Assignee
Charles Stein
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Charles Stein filed Critical Charles Stein
Publication of WO1985000212A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985000212A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/55—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/58—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by their mountings or fixing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • Phase-change media for solar energy storage have been studied for almost twenty-five years.
  • Sodium sulfate decahydrate (Glauber's Salt) was first used in an experimentally heated house by Telkes because (a), its phase-change is accompanied by a relatively high heat of fusion; (b) , it is cheap and available in abun ⁇ dant quantities; (c), it is nontoxic and non-flammable; and (d) , the phase-change takes place within a desir- able temperature range near 89°F.
  • certain adversities encountered in the use of sodium sulfate decahydrate have been known for some time.
  • heat exchanger energy storage volume concept
  • CHE sodium sulfate decahydrate or a paraffin wax
  • CHE sodium sulfate decahydrate or a paraffin wax
  • the problems of super ⁇ cooling, phase precipitation and thermal conductivity were solved by the present invention by the use of alu ⁇ minum honeycomb construction as well as rippled strips of aluminum sheet which subdivides the storage volume into small separate compartments .
  • a solar air heating system which includes a collec ⁇ tor, a heat exchanger, and an energy storage volume, all arranged onto a unitized panel and sometime here ⁇ inafter referred to as CHE unit.
  • a phase-change medium is isolated within the energy storage volume, and a solar heat collector is arranged in heat transfer rela ⁇ tionship respectively to the energy storage volume.
  • the solar collector is oriented to receive solar energy
  • The- heat exchanger comprises apparatus by which relatively cool air is forced to flow by natural convection or by a fan in heat exchange rela ⁇ tionship respective to the energy storage volume as well as the collector plate so that heated air emerges from the unit.
  • a number of units can be connected in either series or parallel relationship and integrated or retrofitted into a prior art air conditioning or furnace ducting system, thereby minimizing the initial cost of the entire system.
  • several units can be mounted on outside walls of the residence and collect, store and transfer solar energy directly to the enclo ⁇ sure in a passive manner.
  • a hermatically sealed subdivided chamber is filled with wax.
  • a top absorber plate is affixed to the top of the subdivisions and provides the means by which solar energy is transferred directly from the collector into the energy storage volume.
  • the opposed ends of the subdivided chamber are attached in heat transfer relationship to a heat exchanger, thereby allowing heat exchange to occur between the cells and the exchanger.
  • Air is circulated through the heat exchanger, thereby providing means by which heat energy is transferred from the energy storage volume or the collector plate into the air which circulates through the enclosure to be heated.
  • the solar panels can operate in three distinct modes: Collector to house, collector to energy storage, and energy storage to house.
  • OMPI collector system employs a phase change wax which is directly in contact with an absorber plate.
  • the wax when heated to its phase change temperature, stores all of its latent heat of fusion without any further increase in absorber plate temperature. This is due to the absorber plate temperature being held invarient because of the thermodynamics of a single component system (the wax) existing simultaneously in both the solid and liquid phases .
  • a primary object of the present invention is the provision of improvements in solar air heating systems.
  • Another object of the present invention is to pro ⁇ vide a retrofittable, active as well as passive solar air heating system which uses a phase-change medium in which latent heat of fusion is made available for heating air.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of an integrated collector, heat exchanger, and energy storage volume combined into a single, inex- pensive, compact unit.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a combination collector, heat exchanger, and energy storage volume combined into a unit and mounted on the roof of an enclosure to be heated, or mounted vertically against a south facing wall of an enclosure to be heated.
  • An additional object of this invention is the pro ⁇ vision of a unitized collector, heat exchanger, and energy storage volume which comprises an active as well as a passive solar heating apparatus which greatly
  • OMPI y> increases the efficiency of operation, is inexpensive to fabricate, and is relatively small in space require ⁇ ments as compared to prior art solar heating systems with energy storage provisions.
  • a CHE comprising a hermetically sealed subdivided chamber filled with wax, with a top absorber plate affixed to the top of the subdivided chamber to provide means by which solar energy is transferred directly from a solar collector into an energy storage volume.
  • the subdivided chamber is made of individual honeycomb cells or a series of rippled metallic sheets.
  • both the energy storage volume as well as the heat exchanger are made of porous metallic or graphite cells .
  • An additional object of the invention is the provi ⁇ sion of a solar heating system wherein solar energy is simultaneously transferred into an energy storage volume and into an airduct so that solar heat is imme ⁇ diately used for heating an enclosure, while at the same time the residual solar energy is stored for later use.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of a solar panel which operates in three distinct modes: collector to load; collector to energy storage; and, energy storage to load.
  • Figure 1 is a fragmentary, perspective, part diagrammatical, illustration of a solar air heating system made in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of part of the apparatus disclosed in Figure 1, with some parts thereof being broken away therefrom in order to disclose the interior thereof;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged, exploded, perspective view of the apparatus disclosed in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross- sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary, part cross- sectional, detailed view of an alternate embodiment such as may be taken along line 5-5 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal, fragmentary, part cross-sectional, schematical representation of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a lateral, enlarged, cross-sectional view as may be taken along line 7-7 of Figure 1, which discloses another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a broken, perspective bottom view which discloses some of the details of Figure 7, with some parts thereof being broken away therefrom in order to disclose the interior thereof
  • Figure 9 is a fragmentary, perspective top view of the apparatus disclosed in Figure 7, with some parts being broken away therefrom in order to more clearly disclose the interior thereof
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the invention such as may be taken along line 5-5 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view which sets forth a further modification of Figure 6;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged, cross-sectional detailed fragmented view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11.
  • FIG. 1 there is disclosed a solar heating system 10 made in accordance with the present inven ⁇ tion.
  • a plurality of solar panels also referred to as solar collectors , are arranged on the roof of an enclo ⁇ sure 14, as for example, a residence located in the southwestern geographical area of the United States .
  • Heated air emerges at 16 from the panels, and is con ⁇ ducted through a suitable passageway to a furnace 20 , which preferably is a gas furnace of conventional design.
  • Air from the furnace is conducted through a suitable duct r as indicated by numeral 21, which can be the present air * conditioning or heating ducts, and into the enclosure 14 where the air is heated, as may be desired. Return air from the heated enclosure enters the panel at inlet 22.
  • the panel 12 includes an outlet end 23, opposed sides 24 and 25, a bottom 26 ( Figure 1) , a top 28 which is opposed to the bottom, and an inlet end 30 opposed to the outlet end 23.
  • the outlet end can be made identical to the inlet end.
  • the top 28 in the embodiment of Figure 2 comprises one or a plurality of sheets of glass suitably supported in the illustrated position by means of a support frame 36 which sealingly engages the entire peripheral edge of both the glass and the upper edge of the walls of the panel.
  • a plurality of downwardly directed heat transfer fins 32 are connected in heat transfer relationship respective to a subdivided chamber, preferably in the form of the illustrated structure 34.
  • the fins extend into an air chamber formed between the housing of the panel and the lower surface of the finned structure.
  • Insulation 38 pref- erably is rectangular in form and presents an upwardly opening, box-like container within which the finned structure is received.
  • the energy storage structure 34 is seen to be comprised of a series of coacting baffles 33, 35 arranged in interlocking spaced relationship respective to one another. Fins 32 are a continuation of the baffle structure 33, while the roof 40 is a continuation of the baffle structure 35.
  • a subdivided chamber comprised of a wax " receiving multi ⁇ plicity of communicating chambers 42 is formed by the structure of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 5 sets forth another embodiment of the invention, wherein there is disclosed a solar collector having a chamber divided into spaces 45 which underlie a collector roof 43.
  • Inverted, U-shaped heat transfer elements 44 have a medial portion thereof connected to roof 43, and thereby rapidly and directly transfer heat from the collector roof 43, into the small chambers 45.
  • An upright U-shaped heat transfer element 46 has a medial portion thereof connected to a floor 48, so that the heat energy contained within the cells 45 is rapidly transferred directly into the floor 48, and then into the fins 32.
  • the fins are an integral part of the floor.
  • Roof 40 and floor 48 are joined together at 50 to hermetically seal the interior 42 of the collector, thereby preventing contamination of the heat transfer medium located therewithin.
  • Foam at 52 and 53 provides insulation at critical locations about the solar collector apparatus, and prevents significant loss of energy to the ambient.
  • air passageway connector 54 interconnects the outlet 22" , 30' of one solar panel with the inlet 22, 22' of an adjacent solar panel, when the collectors are placed in series relationship.
  • Insulation 57 provides suitable insulation at the bottom of the air passageway 55.
  • Figure 6 discloses another embodiment 212 of the panel of the present invention.
  • a collector plate 60 similar in many respects to the structure 40 of Figure 5, forms an air space 62 in conjunction with glass 28.
  • the subdivided chamber of Figure 6 is in the form of an aluminum honeycomb structure 64 which is filled with a phase-change substance, such as wax, and the wax is maintained isolated within the honeycomb structure in a manner similar to some of the previously disclosed embodiments .
  • a heat exchange member 65 made of metallic honeycomb, or of a finned construction, exchanges heat between structure 64 and an air passa- 11 geway 66, which is formed between the honeycomb struc ⁇ ture and insulation 68.
  • Connecting framework 70 reinforces the entire structure and provides support structure for the glass 5 28.
  • Metal covering 72 encloses the structure and pro ⁇ vides a suitable housing therefor.
  • Throughbolt 74 maintains the structure properly connected together.
  • Sheet metal screws additionally interlock one sheet metal member with another.
  • FIGS 7-9 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a collector plate 76 is directly affixed in efficient heat transfer relationship to a honeycomb heat exchanger structure 78.
  • Heat transfer assembly 80 is directly connected to
  • housings 84 and 86 seen in Figures 8 and 9, respectively, enclose the heat ex-
  • the upper surface 88 of the collector plate 76 is preferably insulated from ambient with a suitable barrier, such as glass panes or sheets of treated clear plastic, to minimize ⁇ onvective and radiation losses.
  • the lower face 90 of the collector plate 76 is con ⁇ nected in heat transfer relationship respective to the air passageway which forms the heat exchanger 78.
  • the lower surface of the heat exchanger 78 is connected in heat transfer relationship to the upper face 92 of the
  • cool air flowing through cold air return passageway 96 receives energy from the energy storage volume 86, or directly from the collector plate 76.
  • the solar energy during the day can be directly transferred into the return passageway 96, while at the same time excessive solar energy is transferred into the energy storage volume 82, or, if the competing driving forces of the heat flow mechanism so demands, heat can simultaneously be extracted from the collector plate 88 and the energy storage volume 82 by the air flowing through the return passage 96.
  • FIG 10 is a lateral cross-sectional view similar to Figure 5 which illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Water pipes 100 are provided with a plurality of fins 101 attached thereto.
  • the pipes and fins are imbedded in the phase change medium 102.
  • the fins 101 are in thermal heat transfer relationship respective to the U shaped heat transfer elements 44 and 46. Accordingly, thermal energy received at the collector plate 43 is transferred to the energy sub- divided cells 45 and stored for later preheating of water or, alternatively, the energy can be made imme ⁇ diately available to preheat domestic hot water through the pipe and fin assembly 100 and 101, respectively.
  • FIGs 11 and 12 disclose a further embodiment of the invention which is a modification of Figure 6, wherein the collector plate 60 forms the roof of the enclosure 103.
  • Enclosure 103 is comprised of porous metal cells or porous graphite cells 61 which surround and subdivide a phase change medium. Solar energy impinging on the collector 60 is thereby rapidly transferred directly to an energy storage medium con ⁇ tained within the cells 61 of enclosure 103.
  • the floor 105 of enclosure 103 forms the roof of the heat exchanger passage 104 while the floor of said heat exchanger passageway forms the top of the enclosure containing the insulation 68.
  • the heat exchanger 104 is comprised of metallic or graphite cells 107 whose communicating chambers are in heat transfer relationship to the energy storage medium contained within the enclosure 103 by means of the com ⁇ municating chambers 61 and the thermally conducting floor 105.
  • the heat exchanger passageway 104 is also in direct heat transfer with the collector plate 60 thereby permitting solar energy to be made immediately available to heat the house during cold winter days.
  • the solar panels can operate in three distinct modes: separately or in combination with one another: collector-to-load, collector-to-energy storage, and energy storage-to-load. Each of these modes is described further below.
  • Collector-To-Energy Storage Mode is described further below.
  • the CHE unit acts in a passive manner and transfers converted solar energy directly to the phase-change medium via aluminum honeycomb or other metallic conductors.
  • the aluminum honeycomb which is in direct contact with the absorber plate, uniformly distributes the solar energy throughout the storage volume.
  • the total energy stored in the CHE unit is manifested in three ways: The sensible heat of the phase-change wax; the heat of fusion of the wax; and the sensible heat of the aluminum honeycomb or other metallic conductors.
  • Solar energy absorbed by the collector system of the CHE unit can be sent directly to the load during the daytime.
  • "cold" air from the return duct enters the CHE unit and, in one embodiment of the present invention, is passed directly below the heat storage units and back into the house by use of the blower.
  • "cold" air from the house is also passed directly over the hot absorber plate, in addition to its being baffled through the channel below the heat storage unit.
  • the furnace blower when the temperature in the residence drops below a preset value, the furnace blower is turned on, which drives "cold" return air from the house through the CHE unit, where it absorbs the energy stored during the daytime in the energy storage volume.
  • the temperature of the energy storage medium will drop until all of the sen ⁇ sible heat above the phase-change temperature is removed. Further energy extraction will result in solidification of the wax, which occurs at the constant phase-transformation temperatures, with a concomitant release of approximately 95 BTU/lb. Further energy needs can be supplied by the sensible heat of the wax and the aluminum honeycomb below the phase-change tem ⁇ perature of the wax, down to approximately 70°F, before the furnace burner is turned on.
  • natural thermal convec ⁇ tion is used to drive the energy, stored in the phase change medium, out of the vertically mounted solar panel and directly into the attached enclosure.
  • the func ⁇ tion B is the ratio of the change in absorptivity, a, to the change in emissivity, E. The lower this ratio is, the greater is the possibility of changing one of
  • the collector plate in the present invention is forced to operate at a lower temperature due to the invariance of the phase change medium while it is melting, an increase of the absorptivity of only 0.4 times the increase in the emissivity is required in order to achieve an increase in the performance of the absorber; a reasonably easy objective to achieve.
  • the forte of the present solar heating system is to combine the solar collection, heat exchanger, and energy storage functions into a single, compact unit (CHE unit) which is light enough to be retrofitted onto the roof of existing residences.
  • CHE unit compact unit
  • the overall system is simplified and contains fewer individual subsystems compared to conventional systems performing the same operational functions .
  • the CHE units act in a passive mode and therefore do not require a fan motor to circulate the air past the absorber plate.
  • the absorber plate is directly connected to the thermal storage volume, the requirement for ducting to trans ⁇ port the heated air to the usual rock-bed storage or water storage heat exchanger is eliminated.
  • Another unique feature of the present collector system is the employment of a phase change medium which is directly in contact with the absorber plate. Conse ⁇ quently, once the medium reaches its phase change tem ⁇ perature, it will store all of its latent heat of fusion without any further increase in absorber plate temperature, thus avoiding further degradation in absorber efficiency.
  • This unique feature of the inven ⁇ tion is realized because the absorber plate temperature is held invariant due to the thermodynamics of a single component system wherein the phase change medium exists simultaneously in two physical states (solid and liquid). In contrast to this phenomenon, the average temperature of a conventional air-type absorber con ⁇ tinues to rise continuously up to the maximum heating portion of the day. Operation of absorber plates at elevated temperatures results in a decrease in collec ⁇ tor efficiency, with greater heat losses occuring through the insulation and a more rapid thermal degra ⁇ dation of the collector materials.
  • An additional desirable and novel feature of the present invention is the achievement of a maximum sum ⁇ mertime stagnation temperature, which is about 150°F below that of many conventional collectors .
  • the stagnation temperature remains so low because of the unique design of the collector which directly connects the absorber plate to the large thermal mass of phase- change medium held in the solar energy storage core. Since the phase change medium's temperature remains constant until the entire mass melts , requiring approximately 100 Btu/lb of wax and aluminum honeycomb, the collector remains rather cool and only increases its temperature beyond this point by the further absorption of sensible heat.
  • the combined specific heats of the wax and the aluminum are about 0.78 Btu per pound, large temperature increases are mitigated.
  • Another unique feature of this invention is its capability to provide domestic hot water after solar insolation has ceased.
  • domestic hot water heating can be provided through pipes imbedded in the energy storage volume. Conse- quently, energy provided directly by the collectors in day time or by the latent heat of fusion of the phase change medium in the early morning or evening can be used to preheat water for domestic use when sunshine is absent. Passage of water through these pipes in the summertime will provide an additional advantage in that it will further help to lower the stagnation tem ⁇ perature of the collector in addition to the effect achieved by the phase change medium itself.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de chauffage solaire (10) est spécialement adapté pour des résidences où le chauffage pendant la nuit est important. Des systèmes de chauffage solaire d'air ont un rendement relativement faible, spécialement lorsqu'ils sont conçus pour stocker de l'énergie. La présente invention est une amélioration à ce type de système. Le système comprend une plaque collectrice de chaleur solaire (43, 60, ou 76), un milieu de stockage d'énergie dans une chambre subdivisée (34) ou une structure (64) et des moyens d'échange de chaleur consistant en des ailettes (33 ou 44) ou en des parois (65). Les ailettes ou parois s'étendent depuis la chambre ou la paroi de la structure dans le milieu de stockage pour subdiviser la chambre ou la structure et améliorer la relation d'échange de chaleur du milieu de stockage avec son environnement. Le panneau est adapté pour être incorporé dans des systèmes de chauffage d'air de maisons existantes. De l'air provenant d'une enceinte (14) à chauffer est aspiré au travers du panneau collecteur (12) par une soufflante ou par convection naturelle et il extrait de la chaleur de la plaque collectrice (43, 60 ou 76) et du milieu de stockage d'énergie. L'air chauffé revient ensuite à l'enceinte. Un rendement élevé du collecteur solaire est obtenu grâce à la conception unique du panneau qui associe la température d'une plaque collectrice solaire directement à une grande masse thermique d'un milieu de stockage d'énergie. Le rendement élevé de ce système est obtenu aussi grâce au fait qu'il est possible de se passer d'un moteur de soufflante d'air pour transférer l'énergie du collecteur au volume de stockage. Des faibles températures de stagnation d'été sont obtenues en raison de la relation entre la plaque collectrice et le volume de stockage d'énergie.
PCT/US1984/001005 1983-06-27 1984-06-27 Systeme de chauffage solaire d'air WO1985000212A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50813083A 1983-06-27 1983-06-27
US508,130 1983-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985000212A1 true WO1985000212A1 (fr) 1985-01-17

Family

ID=24021524

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1984/001005 WO1985000212A1 (fr) 1983-06-27 1984-06-27 Systeme de chauffage solaire d'air

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0148246A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60501671A (fr)
AU (1) AU3101984A (fr)
IL (1) IL72242A0 (fr)
IN (1) IN161299B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985000212A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3706196A1 (de) * 1987-02-26 1988-09-29 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Warmwasserbereiter in form eines solarkollektors
WO1990010186A1 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-09-07 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Accumulateur de chaleur dont l'etendue d'expansion va en s'elargissant
WO1990010187A1 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-09-07 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Accumulateur thermique avec cavites d'expansion
NL1028951C2 (nl) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-06 Harry Schmitz Inrichting voor het opnemen en opslaan van zonne-energie.
EP1767882A2 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-28 Vaillant GmbH Absorbeur solaire
FR2893766A1 (fr) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-25 Pascal Henri Pierre Fayet Generateur photovoltaique a concentration, procede contre l'echauffement par un dispositf d'evacuation de la chaleur utilisant la convection, le rayonnement infrarouge sur l'espace et le stockage en chaleur latente
WO2009043338A2 (fr) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Universität Kassel Élément de façade ou de toiture destiné à être appliqué sur un bâtiment, et son utilisation
US8776467B2 (en) 2010-09-14 2014-07-15 Per Gösta Sundberg Climate positive building envelope for housing
WO2014054954A3 (fr) * 2012-10-02 2014-11-06 Coulter Grace Système de chauffage/refroidissement d'air solaire
DE102014100448A1 (de) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-16 Anton Falkeis Fassadenelemente mit Latentwärmespeicher
WO2020005076A1 (fr) 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Solarjoule Ip Holdings Perfectionnements apportés à un échange de chaleur
WO2020028560A1 (fr) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 Hudson William J Système de chauffage solaire pour bâtiment commercial

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015169366A (ja) * 2014-03-06 2015-09-28 古河電気工業株式会社 太陽熱集熱装置

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911513A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-11-03 Jet Heet Inc Heat storage water heater
US3996919A (en) * 1975-11-21 1976-12-14 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania System for collecting and storing solar energy
US4068652A (en) * 1974-10-31 1978-01-17 Worthington Mark N Multi-purpose solar collector/heat exchanger
US4250871A (en) * 1978-12-18 1981-02-17 Thomas W. O'Rourke Unitary structure and method for utilizing solar energy
US4268558A (en) * 1977-07-01 1981-05-19 Boardman Energy Systems, Inc. Thermal storage material and process for making
JPS5735293A (en) * 1980-08-12 1982-02-25 Showa Sangyo Kk Solar energy accumulating element
US4332690A (en) * 1979-04-23 1982-06-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat storage system comprising a phase change medium and a nucleating agent
US4384569A (en) * 1981-02-24 1983-05-24 Clearman Francis R Solar energy collector/storage system
US4389533A (en) * 1981-03-09 1983-06-21 Ames Douglas A Photovoltaic device for producing electrical and heat energy

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2595905A (en) * 1946-08-29 1952-05-06 Telkes Maria Radiant energy heat transfer device
US4019494A (en) * 1975-07-09 1977-04-26 Safdari Yahya B Solar air heater assembly
US4258701A (en) * 1977-04-01 1981-03-31 Chevron Research Company Solar collector panel
US4162671A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-07-31 Donald Christy Solar energy panel and medium for use therein
US4269170A (en) * 1978-04-27 1981-05-26 Guerra John M Adsorption solar heating and storage system
US4246888A (en) * 1979-05-14 1981-01-27 Jarzenbeck Sr Jerome F Solar heat collecting apparatus
FR2503855B1 (fr) * 1981-04-10 1985-07-26 Gradient Echangeur de chaleur a milieu de stockage de chaleur

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911513A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-11-03 Jet Heet Inc Heat storage water heater
US4068652A (en) * 1974-10-31 1978-01-17 Worthington Mark N Multi-purpose solar collector/heat exchanger
US3996919A (en) * 1975-11-21 1976-12-14 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania System for collecting and storing solar energy
US4268558A (en) * 1977-07-01 1981-05-19 Boardman Energy Systems, Inc. Thermal storage material and process for making
US4250871A (en) * 1978-12-18 1981-02-17 Thomas W. O'Rourke Unitary structure and method for utilizing solar energy
US4332690A (en) * 1979-04-23 1982-06-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat storage system comprising a phase change medium and a nucleating agent
JPS5735293A (en) * 1980-08-12 1982-02-25 Showa Sangyo Kk Solar energy accumulating element
US4384569A (en) * 1981-02-24 1983-05-24 Clearman Francis R Solar energy collector/storage system
US4389533A (en) * 1981-03-09 1983-06-21 Ames Douglas A Photovoltaic device for producing electrical and heat energy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0148246A4 *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0287779A1 (fr) * 1987-02-26 1988-10-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Chauffe-eau solaire
DE3706196A1 (de) * 1987-02-26 1988-09-29 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Warmwasserbereiter in form eines solarkollektors
WO1990010186A1 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-09-07 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Accumulateur de chaleur dont l'etendue d'expansion va en s'elargissant
WO1990010187A1 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-09-07 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Accumulateur thermique avec cavites d'expansion
US5088548A (en) * 1989-02-24 1992-02-18 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Heat accumulator with expansion recesses
US5217062A (en) * 1989-02-24 1993-06-08 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Heat accumulator with an enlarging expansion area
NL1028951C2 (nl) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-06 Harry Schmitz Inrichting voor het opnemen en opslaan van zonne-energie.
EP1767882A3 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-10-24 Vaillant GmbH Absorbeur solaire
EP1767882A2 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-28 Vaillant GmbH Absorbeur solaire
FR2893766A1 (fr) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-25 Pascal Henri Pierre Fayet Generateur photovoltaique a concentration, procede contre l'echauffement par un dispositf d'evacuation de la chaleur utilisant la convection, le rayonnement infrarouge sur l'espace et le stockage en chaleur latente
WO2009043338A2 (fr) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Universität Kassel Élément de façade ou de toiture destiné à être appliqué sur un bâtiment, et son utilisation
WO2009043338A3 (fr) * 2007-10-05 2009-08-20 Univ Kassel Élément de façade ou de toiture destiné à être appliqué sur un bâtiment, et son utilisation
US8776467B2 (en) 2010-09-14 2014-07-15 Per Gösta Sundberg Climate positive building envelope for housing
WO2014054954A3 (fr) * 2012-10-02 2014-11-06 Coulter Grace Système de chauffage/refroidissement d'air solaire
US20150247652A1 (en) * 2012-10-02 2015-09-03 Grace Coulter Solar Air Heating/Cooling System
EP3428551A1 (fr) 2012-10-02 2019-01-16 Solarjoule IP Holdings Limited Système de chauffage/refroidissement d'air solaire
DE102014100448A1 (de) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-16 Anton Falkeis Fassadenelemente mit Latentwärmespeicher
WO2020005076A1 (fr) 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Solarjoule Ip Holdings Perfectionnements apportés à un échange de chaleur
WO2020028560A1 (fr) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 Hudson William J Système de chauffage solaire pour bâtiment commercial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0148246A4 (fr) 1986-11-21
AU3101984A (en) 1985-01-25
IL72242A0 (en) 1984-10-31
IN161299B (fr) 1987-11-07
JPS60501671A (ja) 1985-10-03
EP0148246A1 (fr) 1985-07-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kaygusuz Experimental and theoretical investigation of latent heat storage for water based solar heating systems
Morrison et al. Effects of phase-change energy storage on the performance of air-based and liquid-based solar heating systems
US3996919A (en) System for collecting and storing solar energy
EP1649221B1 (fr) Collecteur solaire thermique a capacite de stockage thermique monte sur paroi
US4429545A (en) Solar heating system
Agarwal et al. Study of a photovoltaic-thermal system—thermosyphonic solar water heater combined with solar cells
WO1985000212A1 (fr) Systeme de chauffage solaire d'air
Lawrence et al. Theoretical evaluation of solar distillation under natural circulation with heat exchanger
US4227515A (en) Dual phase solar water heater
Rahim New method to store heat energy in horizontal solar desalination still
US3295591A (en) Apparatus for cooling and solar heating a house
US4139055A (en) Solar heating (cooling)
US4313424A (en) Solar heating system
Kaygusuz Phase change energy storage for solar heating systems
GB2103783A (en) Solar heating
US4350145A (en) Solar collector for heating purposes
US4346693A (en) Solar panel
Hamdan Investigation of an inexpensive solar collector storage system
JPS6012997Y2 (ja) 蓄熱形太陽熱集熱装置
GB2259231A (en) Renewable energy plant propagator
EP0028587B1 (fr) Panneau solaire
JPH0454862B2 (fr)
Telkes Space heating with solar energy
EP0032882B1 (fr) Collecteur solaire destiné à des fins de chauffage
JPS58178149A (ja) 潜熱型蓄熱蓄冷システム

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU JP

Designated state(s): AU JP

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1984902673

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1984902673

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1984902673

Country of ref document: EP