WO1984004751A1 - Materiaux de toiture et analogue - Google Patents

Materiaux de toiture et analogue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984004751A1
WO1984004751A1 PCT/US1984/000822 US8400822W WO8404751A1 WO 1984004751 A1 WO1984004751 A1 WO 1984004751A1 US 8400822 W US8400822 W US 8400822W WO 8404751 A1 WO8404751 A1 WO 8404751A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
acrylic resin
underlying
overlying
fly ash
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1984/000822
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernard J Morrison
Original Assignee
Acrysyl Int Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acrysyl Int Corp filed Critical Acrysyl Int Corp
Publication of WO1984004751A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984004751A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D7/00—Roof covering exclusively consisting of sealing masses applied in situ; Gravelling of flat roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
    • C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B41/483—Polyacrylates

Definitions

  • roofing material for example, one which will be accepted as a successfully cominercial product, must possess a combination of properties, including satisfactory physical and chemical properties. For many applications, it is mandatory that the roofing material possesses aesthetic properties also.
  • the roofing material must be water resistant and it must possess a combination of other physical and chemical properties that make it resistant to wear and that allow it to be applied in a manner such that it can be handled readily and without damage.
  • the roofing material must possess the right degree of flexibility, strength, abrasive resistance, hardness, toughness, impact resistance, and chemical resistance, and preferably fire resistance. And such properties must be retained in the roofing material over a wide temperature range, for example, -50°F to 350°F.
  • the roofing material must resist degradation, that is, exhibit good weathering characteristics, as it is subjected to a wide variety of environmental conditions.
  • the roofing material possesses initially the aforementioned types of properties, the properties must be retained over a long period of time, for example, 10 to 20 years or more, as the material is subjected to a variety of weather conditions.
  • Such conditions can include, in addition to wide temperature variations, exposure to the sun's ultra violet and infrared rays which can effect in the roofing material chemical changes which in turn can affect adversely desired physical and chemical properties of the material.
  • Other environmental conditions which are known to wreak havoc with many types of materials are exposure to acid rain, to salt spray, and freeze/thaw cycling.
  • the roofing material must be capable of resisting degradation to a satisfactory degree upon being subjected to such conditions. Resistance to being degraded by exposure to the aforementioned "inanimate” conditions is but one of the basic properties of a desirable roofing material. Another basic property is resistance to "animate” conditions. In effect, the roofing material must be “animately inert” in that it must be a material which itself does not support or attract plant or animal life. For example, a material which is a food source for insects, birds, etc., is not tolerable.
  • a satisfactory roofing material must also be relatively inexpensive.
  • the exceptions involve the use of tiles, slate, shakes, and the like which are relatively expensive - so much, so that such materials are not used widely and are considered to be specialty materials.
  • Examples of materials which are less expensive than the aforementioned and which are used more widely include asphalt shingles, asphalt roll roofing, tar and other bituminous materials. While such materials, including particularly asphalt shingles, have been used successfully to a significant extent for many years, there are disadvantages associated with their use. For example, shingles are not suitable for use on a flat roof and the aforementioned bituminous materials tend to degrade relatively quickly when used to cover flat roofs. More recently, attention has been given to the use as a roofing material of synthetic resins, for example, acrylic resins, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, poly (vinyl chloride), silicone polymers, and polyurethanes.
  • synthetic resins for example, acrylic resins, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, poly (vinyl chloride), silicone polymers, and polyurethanes.
  • Such resins are purported to possess the basic properties that are desired of a roofing material and, in addition, certain advantages relative to the use of traditional roofing materials.
  • labor costs associated with the installation of roofs made from such synthetic resinous materials tend to be lower than those associated with the installation of roofs made from other materials.
  • Acrylic resins and other synthetic resinous materials have been used for about 20-25 years as roofing materials in applications in which they have been applied in sheet form or in the form of a liquid composition which forms a solid coating as it dries or cures.
  • the present invention relates to the use of acrylic resin-containing liquid compositions in roofing applications and in other applications, as will be described hereinbelow.
  • compositions comprise solid particles of acrylic resin dispersed in an aqueous phase of the composition, which itself is often referred to as an acrylic latex or emulsion (the resin being made typically by an emulsion polymerization process). As the water evaporates from the composition, the particles of resin coalesce to form a continuous solid film or coating. After the coating has been formed, another coat of the acrylic latex can be applied to form an overlying coating, and- this process can be repeated as necessary until the coating has the desired thickness.
  • U. S. Patent No. 4,229,329 to Bennett discloses a fire retardant composition comprising an acrylic resin latex (Rhoplex AC-234 or UCAR Latex 5000) and fly ash.
  • the patent discloses the use of one or more coats of the composition on the interior or exterior of a structure as a protective coating which has fire retardant properties.
  • the patent discloses also that the composition can be admixed with fibrous or other filler for making various types of articles, including shingles.
  • One aspect of the present invention is the provision of an article of construction comprising a substrate coated with a multi-ply coating including an acrylic resin coating adhered to the surface of said substrate and underlying and adhered to an overlying acrylic resin coating, the acrylic resin of said underlying coating having outdoor (exterior) properties and the acrylic resin of said overlying coating being a different acrylic resin than that of said underlying coating, the adhesive bond, between said Overlying and underlying coatings being stronger than if the bond were between two coatings formed from the acrylic resin of said underlying coating.
  • Species of acrylic resins within the classes of acrylic resins for use in the practice of the present invention are known and are commercially available.
  • the present invention includes also a process for preparing the aforementioned article and includes the application to the substrate of a film of an acrylic resin-containing liquid composition for forming the aforementioned underlying coating, preferably allowing the film to dry, and thereafter forming the overlying coating from a liquid composition containing the acrylic resin from which the overlying coating is formed.
  • the liquid compositions containing the aforementioned acrylic resins are preferably water-based compositions in the form of latices, that is, aqueous compositions containing dispersed solid particles of acrylic resin. Resins which are made by the emulsion polymerization process are referred to often as acrylic emulsions.
  • the coating composition which is used to form the underlying coating includes also fly ash.
  • fly ash Such compositions are particularly advantageous in that coatings formed therefrom are highly resistant to fire and possess improved weathering characteristics.
  • the use of such fly ash-containing compositions is also advantageous when coating substrates which have highly irregular or uneven surfaces as a result of cracks, fissures, or other imperfections, in that such compositions have particularly good "fill" and leveling properties.
  • another aspect of the present invention involves the provision of a coating composition comprising particular acryiic resins admixed with fly ash.
  • the overlying acrylic resin coating is itself sandwiched between the underlying resin coating and a top coating which in turn is formed from an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties, for example, the type of acrylic resin used in forming the underlying coating.
  • an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties for example, the type of acrylic resin used in forming the underlying coating.
  • available highly adhesive acrylic resins of the type used in the overlying coating do not themselves have outdoor (exterior) properties, and accordingly, coatings formed therefrom should be covered with a top coating of an acrylic resin having such properties.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention involves coating a substrate, for example, that of a roof, with a highly adhesive acrylic resin, such as that mentioned above, and the application to such coating of a composition comprising an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties and fly ash.
  • Such multi-ply coatings are particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the present invention can be used in coating various types of substrates with protective coatings that are exposed to outdoor conditions.
  • the invention will be used most widely as a protective coating for roofing.
  • the outdoor (exterior) acrylic resin be an acrylic resin of the type used in elastomeric roof mastics.
  • acrylic resins as possessing a combination of properties which makes them particularly suitable for use as roofing materials. Such properties include, but are not limited to, the ability to form coatings which have a unique balance of tensile strength, elongation and recovery, and control of moisture vapor transmission.
  • the invention provides a mechanism for realizing the benefits associated with roofing materials formed from synthetic resins, while permitting the formation of a multi-ply coating which possesses excellent bond integrity between plies of the coating.
  • the coating exhibits excellent adhesion to many types of substrates, and accordingly, as will be explained in detail below, can be used in coating not only materials which are conventionally used as substrates for roofing materials, but also other types of materials used in the fabrication of buildings, retaining walls, traffic ways, etc.
  • the compositions can be formulated in a manner such that they are easily applied and possess excellent adhesion in. the freshly applied state to inclined surfaces, including vertical surfaces.
  • compositions can be easily, indeed almost effortlessly, applied at a relatively fast rate of speed
  • labor costs associated with their application are relatively inexpensive. Accordingly, in the overall picture the total cost, including materials and labor, associated with the use of the invention are competitive. In effect, the invention provides low cost permanent protection for many types of applications.
  • the underlying coating which is sandwiched between the substrate to be protected and the overlying coating is formed from a liquid composition containing an acrylic resin that is recognized as having good protective properties in an outdoor environment and protective properties which resist degradation upon being subjected to outdoor environmental conditions. While such resins can be applied from an organic liquid based composition, it is preferred in the practice of the present invention to utilize waterbased compositions, and particularly acrylic latices. Such protective and weather resistant acrylic resins are known and are referred to in the industry as resins which are recommended for use in outdoor applications. For use as a roofing material, it is preferred to use an elastomeric roof acrylic resin.
  • Rhoplex EC-1685 A preferred acrylic latex for use in the formation of the underlying coating in a roofing application is sold under the trademark Rhoplex EC-1685, which is described by Rohm and Haas Company, its producer, as being particularly developed for use in an elastomeric roof mastic.
  • Rhoplex EC-1685 This latex is described as having improved flexibility properties which are retained even at low temperatures, for example, -35°F.
  • Coatings formed from this latex have also improved expansion and contraction properties which are typically encountered in roofing applicaitons where the underlying substrate tends to expand and contract, as. occurs with temperature variations. Accordingly, coatings formed from Rhoplex EC-1685 latex are particularly resistant to rupturing, and possess also excellent impact resistance.
  • This latex has a total solids content of about 61%, a pH of about 9-10, a density of about 8.85 lbs/gal, a Tg of about -50°C, and a viscosity of about 200 to about 600 cps.
  • the fly ash be added to the acrylic resin-containing liquid composition as this helps to avoid stirring up the fine particles of -fly ash.
  • the liquid/fly ash composition can be admixed in any suitable mixing device, for example, one including a ribbon mixer or paddle mixer.
  • the acrylic resin/fly ash composition adheres to an applicator, such as a brush, without dripping or running. When spread on the receiving surface with normal pressure of application, thinning occurs to a consistency that permits ready application and any small holes, cracks, and splits, etc. in the surface are filled in nicely.
  • the applied coating is continuous, smooth and level as it begins to dry. The leveling proper ties of the composition are particularly good.
  • the thixotripic nature of the composition affords the user the advantage of being able to apply a thicker layer of coating that can be applied utilizing an acyrlic latex that does not contain fly ash.
  • the solid coating has good flexibilty, hardness, and abrasion resistance, and good durability properties, with the fly ash particles being bound tightly in the acrylic resin binder.
  • the underlying coating should be covered with a top coating having outdoor (exterior) properties.
  • the top coating comprise an acrylic resin having such properties.
  • the top coating comprise an elastomeric roof acrylic resin.
  • Such resins possess a combination of properties that make them more suitable for use in outdoor applications than the acrylic resin comprising the overlying coating, the properties of which make it suitable for use in indoor (interior) applications.
  • Such "indoor" acrylic resins have excellent adhesive properties, such properties, as well as other properties, tend to degrade when such resins are exposed directly to outdoor conditions, including the rays of the sun.
  • the overlying coating can be covered with a liquid composition comprising an outdoor or elastomeric roof acrylic resin, such as those which comprise the underlying coating, as described hereinabove.
  • Color can be imparted to the visible coating of the multi-ply coating for asthetic and/or functional purposes.
  • white top coatings can be used to particular advantage in roofs of buildings which are air conditioned.
  • White coatings reflect the sun's rays, and are thus responsible for lowering the roof temperatures, which in turn reduces the energy requirements of the air conditioning system.
  • Titanium dioxide has been used to good advantage as a white pigment in the practice of the present invention.
  • Thickness of each of each of the underlying, overlying, and top coatings can be varied as desired to give suitable results.
  • the minimum thickness will be governed principally by the thickness that affords the desired protective and/or adhesive properties, whereas the maximum thickness will generally be governed by economic considerations and/or the ability of the liquid film of composition to dry without cracking. It is believed that coating thicknesses within the following ranges will be used most widely in the practice of the present invention: underlying coating, about 25 to about 75 mils; overlying coating, about 5 to about 20 mils; and top coating, about 5 to about 20 mils.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a substrate coated with a multi-ply coating which includes an underlying coating adhered to the surface of said substrate and comprising a highly adhesive acrylic resin, with the underlying coating being adhered to an overlying coating comprising acrylic resin and fly ash, the acrylic resin of said overlying coating having outdoor (exterior) properties and being different than the acrylic resin of said underlying coating.
  • the highly adhesive acrylic resin of the underlying coating can comprise the highly adhesive acrylic resin of the overlying coating described above in connection with the other embodiment of the present invention.
  • the acrylic resin/fly ash overlying coating of the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention can comprise the acrylic resin/fly ash underlying coating of the type described above in connec tion with the other embodiment of the present invention.
  • a top coating can be applied to the overlying coating, if desired, the top coating comprising preferably an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties and being preferably an elastomeric roof acrylic resin when the top coating is used in a roofing application.
  • the top coating comprising preferably an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties and being preferably an elastomeric roof acrylic resin when the top coating is used in a roofing application.
  • it will be advantageous to use white pigmented top coatings for reasons explained above in connection with the description of the other embodiment of the present invention.
  • each of the underlying, overlying, and top coatings can be varied, as desired, in accordance with the principles stated above in connection with the other embodiment of the present invention. It is. believed that coating thicknesses within the following ranges will be used most widely in the practice of the present invention: underlying highly adhesive coating, about
  • Coatings formed from the acrylic resins of the type to which this invention relates in general are highly resistant to degradation by ultraviolet rays.
  • an ultraviolet ray absorber can be included in the composition from which the coating is formed. It would be appropriate also to include an ultraviolet ray absorber into a coating composition which included another resin admixed with the acrylic resin. Other resins can be used in admixture with the acrylic resin, but as a minor proportion of the resin portion of the composition. If such other resin does not have the good resistance to ultraviolet ray degradation, it would be advantageous to include an ultraviolet ray absorber into the coating composition.
  • An ultraviolet ray absorber that has been used in the practice of the present invention is Thalo green sold by Tenneco Chemical Company, for example, in an amount of about 0.1 part per part of composition by volume.
  • the preferred source of acrylic resin for use in the practice of the present invention is a latex of the acrylic resin, typically, a thermoplastic acrylic resin.
  • a coating composition containing fly ash and latex satisfactory results will generally be achieved by formulating a composition comprising about 40 to about 75 wt.% fly ash and about 20 to about 60 wt.% of an acrylic latex which includes an acrylic resin having outdoor (exterior) properties and preferably a latex selected from the group consisting of Rhoplex AC-507, Rhoplex AC-1685, Experimental Emulsion E-1791, and Experimental Emulsion E-1895.
  • the first example shows the coating of a rusted tin roof using a fly ash/acrylic resin undercoat and two overlying coatings of different acrylic resins.
  • an undercoating composition comprising 3 parts of fly ash and 1 part of Rhoplex AC-507 arcylic emulsion was used to cover the entirety of the tin roof (about 150 square feet) and flashings.
  • the composition exhibited excellent adhesion and filled in ridges damaged by rust. Some portions of the roof had depressions and ridges up to 1/8 inch deep. These irregularities were leveled easily and the composition dried throughout.
  • the coating had a thickness, in general, of about 32 mils.
  • a satisfactory dryness test to determine the time for applying the second coat can be made by a fingernail scratch or by observation of color which is dark grey when the composition is applied and becomes light grey when dry.
  • the thickness of the second coat of the composition, which dried quickly, was about 8 mils and comprised Rhoplex AC-22 acrylic emulsion. After about 1 hour, this intermediate coating was coated with a composition comprising 4 parts Rhoplex AC-507 emulsion and 1 part titanium dioxide. A clean white titanium dioxide finish was obtained.
  • The. next example shows the coating of a tin wall of a home and also roll roofing of the same home utilizing a fly ash/acrylic resin undercoat and two overlying coatings of different acrylic resins, as described in Example 1.
  • a vertical tin wall of about 120 square feet and a roof of about 300 square feet and comprising 90 lb. mineral surface roll roofing were each coated with a composition comprising 3 parts of fly ash and 1 part of Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic emulsion. The coatings showed excellent adhesion to the tin wall and to the roll roofing.
  • the next example shows the coating of an asphalt roofing material utilizing the present invention and exemplifies the use of acrylic resins without fly ash.
  • Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic emulsion A coating of Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic emulsion is applied to a third floor roof over asphalt roll roofing having an area of about 250 sq. ft. It took about 5 gallons of composition to cover this area. A few hours later, the coating was dried and was ready for a second coat.
  • the second coat comprised Rhoplex AC-22 acrylic emulsion which dried in 1 hour after which a final white coat of 4 parts of Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic emulsion and 1 part titanium dioxide was applied. Several days later, scratch tests with fingernail and roofing nail showed excellent resistance and no film failure.
  • a composition comprising Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic emulsion and fly ash was applied over the entirety of a roof using 3 to 1 mix. Although the shape of the slates could be seen, adhesion was good and voids and split separations were filled in nicely.
  • the roof had a solid look and was sealed. Since the roof was an A frame, and maximum adhesion was necessary for foot traffic, a full day was allowed for drying and set up.
  • Rhoplex AC-22 acrylic emulsion was applied over a one and one-half hour period was allowed one additional hour to dry. It was then. ready for coating with a mixture of Rhoplex AC-507 and titanium dioxide (4 to 1 ratio) at rate of 350 sq. ft./gal.
  • the coatings provide excellent fire barrier protection for the insulation.
  • these areas were covered also with eight-inch and thirty-six-inch strips of fiber glass mat which were adhered with Rhoplex AC-22 acrylic emulsion.
  • the complete roof was then covered with a composition comprising three parts of Rhoplex AC-507 emulsion and one part of fly ash. After the coating was dry, it was covered with a composition comprising Rhoplex AC-22. acrylic resin emulsion and green pigment. Thereafter, the complete roof was covered with Rhoplex AC-507 emulsion.
  • a tin standing seam roof which was in poor condition and leaking badly, was repaired utilizing two different systems for initially covering the cracks and other badly deteriorated areas.
  • fiber glass mats were used by adhering them to the substrate with Rhoplex AC-22 emulsion.
  • Smaller cracks were covered with a composition comprising one part Rhoplex EC-1685 emulsion and two parts fly ash, with some fiber glass strips being used in the bad areas.
  • the roof was coated with a composition comprising one part of Rhoplex AC-507 emulsion and three parts of fly ash.
  • the roof was checked for cracks and found to be intact in all areas.
  • a coating composition comprising Rhoplex AC-22 emulsion and green pigment was then applied and after two hours, when the coating was dry to the touch, the roof was coated with a composition comprising Rhoplex AC-507 emulsion and titanium dioxide.
  • acrylic resin/fly ash compositions which include also fillers, such as sand and perlite.
  • fillers such as sand and perlite.
  • Rhoplex AC-507 acrylic resin emulsion 1 part fly ash 1.5 parts perlite 1.5 parts
  • the next two examples show the use of a highly adhesive acrylic resin to form a coating on a substrate and the application thereto of an overlying coating comprising an elastomeric roof acrylic resin and fly ash.
  • a roof covered with asphalt roll roofing in a deteriorated state is covered with a coating of Rhoplex AC-22 acrylic resin emulsion. Cracks in the roll roofing are filled in nicely.
  • the thickness of the coating is about 20 mils. After the coating Is dry, there is applied thereto an aqueous coating composition comprising two parts of fly ash and one part of Experimental Emulsion E-1791 latex. The thickness of this coating is about 50 mils. The coating is allowed to dry. Investigation shows that the adhesion of the overlying to the underlying coating is excellent.
  • Example 10 A roof of the type referred to in Example 10 is coated as described in Example 10, except that the overlying coating is formed from a liquid composition comprising two parts of fly ash and one part of Experimental Emulsion E-1895 latex. In addition, the overlying coating is covered with a liquid composition comprising Experimental Emulsion E-1895 latex and titanium dioxide in an amount sufficient to impart to the coating a white appearance.
  • the fly ash referred to in the examples was obtained from Metropolitan Edison, Titus plant, Reading, PA and had a particle size such that less than 1 percent remained on an agitated 0.1" X 0.1" screen.
  • the green colorant or pigment used in various of the compositions of the examples was Thalo green, sold by Tenneco Chemical Company.
  • the white pigment used in various of the compositions of the examples was titanium dioxide, sold by Tenneco Chemical Company, and included glyrold and wetting agent.
  • the present invention provides means for realizing substantial improvements in the installation and refurbishing of roofs and other structures utilizing improved coating compositions and processes for applying the same.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

Article de construction comprenant un substrat recouvert d'un revêtement multicouche comprenant un revêtement en résine acrylique adhérant à la surface dudit substrat et sous-jacent et adhérant à un revêtement en résine acrylique de couverture, la résine acrylique dudit revêtement sous-jacent étant une résine acrylique différente de celle dudit revêtement sous-jacent, le lien adhésif entre lesdits revêtements sous-jacent et de couverture étant plus résistant qu'un lien entre deux revêtements formés de la même résine acrylique; des modes de réalisation sont décrits selon lesquels des cendres volantes sont comprises soit dans le revêtement sous-jacent soit dans le revêtement de couverture.
PCT/US1984/000822 1983-05-27 1984-05-25 Materiaux de toiture et analogue WO1984004751A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49871583A 1983-05-27 1983-05-27

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WO1984004751A1 true WO1984004751A1 (fr) 1984-12-06

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PCT/US1984/000822 WO1984004751A1 (fr) 1983-05-27 1984-05-25 Materiaux de toiture et analogue

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1003086B (el) * 1998-06-01 1999-03-08 Συνθεσεις στεγανωτικων και σφραγιστικων υδατικης βασεως και μεθοδοι παραγωγης και εφαρμογης των

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870553A (en) * 1970-07-08 1975-03-11 Domtar Ltd Cellular concrete unit coated with air permeable, water repellent concrete coating
US4229329A (en) * 1979-02-15 1980-10-21 Herbert Bennett Fire retardant coating composition comprising fly ash and polymer emulsion binder
US4331726A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-05-25 Cleary Patrick J Roofing composition and structure
US4352856A (en) * 1979-04-23 1982-10-05 Aurora Industries, Inc. Shaped rigid articles containing fly ash and resin

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870553A (en) * 1970-07-08 1975-03-11 Domtar Ltd Cellular concrete unit coated with air permeable, water repellent concrete coating
US4229329A (en) * 1979-02-15 1980-10-21 Herbert Bennett Fire retardant coating composition comprising fly ash and polymer emulsion binder
US4352856A (en) * 1979-04-23 1982-10-05 Aurora Industries, Inc. Shaped rigid articles containing fly ash and resin
US4331726A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-05-25 Cleary Patrick J Roofing composition and structure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1003086B (el) * 1998-06-01 1999-03-08 Συνθεσεις στεγανωτικων και σφραγιστικων υδατικης βασεως και μεθοδοι παραγωγης και εφαρμογης των

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