WO1983003333A1 - Procede d'elevage d'animaux aquatiques - Google Patents

Procede d'elevage d'animaux aquatiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983003333A1
WO1983003333A1 PCT/SE1983/000109 SE8300109W WO8303333A1 WO 1983003333 A1 WO1983003333 A1 WO 1983003333A1 SE 8300109 W SE8300109 W SE 8300109W WO 8303333 A1 WO8303333 A1 WO 8303333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
plants
animals
cultivation
living
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1983/000109
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marianne Pedersen
Henry W Moeller
Original Assignee
Marianne Pedersen
Moeller, Henry, W.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marianne Pedersen, Moeller, Henry, W. filed Critical Marianne Pedersen
Publication of WO1983003333A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983003333A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for cultivating, or farming, fresh water or marine plants in mixed cultures with fresh water or marine animals.
  • Fresh water and marine organisms represent important sources of a 5 variety of valuable products, such as food and chemicals.
  • the value of animals living in water, such as fish, arthropods and shell fish are well known.
  • Macro and micro algae are presently used for producing food, proteins, agar, alginates, carragenins, antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, etc.
  • the current demand for these useful products greatly exceeds their availability, at least on an 10 economical basis.
  • US-A- ,209,9 3 discloses an improved technique for 20 cultivating freshwater and marine macrophytes.
  • the basic idea of this technique is not to cultivate the macrophytes in their native aqueous habitate, but on land, in a controlled, substantially closed atmosphere, in which the plants may be continually wetted by nutrient-containing water, either fresh or marine.
  • this technique was a considerable improvement, e.g. as to optimizing 25 conditions as to light, temperature and nutrition utilization, it was only concerned with macrophytes, and the patent does not disclose or suggest .any combination with cultivation of water-living animals. -
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that combined cultivation 35 (or mixed culture) of water-living plants together with water-living animals results in considerable improvements of the animal cultivation while at the same maintaining an effective plant production. It is an object of the present Invention to provide a method suitable for large scale production of mixed cultures of plants and animals, which are naturally found in sea or fresh water.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method of the above character providing optimal growth and maximal yield of both plants and animals.
  • Another object of this invention Is to provide a method in which the animals can be kept in full control during the whole growth period and be properly fed during this growth period.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method in which the animals are protected and kept moistured by the plants.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a method of the indicated type which only requires a minimum of water.
  • water-living plants means macrophytes, micro algae and cyano bacteria, the term “macrophytes” including macro algae and water phanerogams.
  • water-living animals includes fish, Mollusca, Crustaceae, Reptilia, Amphibia, both those living in fresh water and in salt water.
  • combined cultivation means that the plants ⁇ and the animals are -cultivated-in conjuction in- a man ⁇ er such that the plant culture receives water from the animal culture in a controlled manner. These terms include embodiments in which the animals are cultivated physically separated from the plants, water from the animal cultivation being supplied to the plant cultivation, e.g.
  • water from the animal culture which is rich in N and P and thus is a potential environmental hazard, is thus used also for the plant culture.
  • the N and P of this water is consumed by the plants, thus leaving purified water having a low content of N and P.
  • This water is preferably recirculated, but it can also be discarded without harming the environment, because of the depletion of N and P.
  • the plants may produce and exude antibiotics or other substances, which assist in keeping the animals free from infections and promote their growth. When kept physically mixed the plants also are effective in keeping the animals moistured and protected.
  • At least the plants are cultivated by essentially the same "on land” technique as disclosed in the above mentioned US-A- ⁇ ,209,9 ⁇ 3 (which is incorporated by reference herein), i.e. the plants are not grown in a water mass, but on land, only being wetted - such as by spraying - with sufficient amounts of water for efficient cultivation. It is especially preferred to only form a film of water on the plants.
  • the invention in its broadest aspect is intended to include any manner of cultivating water-living plants or water- living animals, as long as the cultivation thereof is combined or coordinated as indicated herein, i.e. with controlled water supply so that the N and P rich water from the animal culture is used as a nutrition source for the plant culture.
  • animals like fish may be cultivated in a water mass, such as a pond, with controlled supply and discharge of water, but certain fish species may also " be suited for "on land” farming, in which case the plants can play an important role in keeping the fish moistered.
  • Flatfish such as turbot may be suitable for such farming.
  • the plants can also be farmed by any other suitable technique.
  • the growth of the animals is considerably improved, as is also the quality thereof.
  • the control, feeding and harvesting of the animals is facilitated, especially when also the animals are cultivated "on land".
  • the water " from the animal cultivation serves as a nutrition source (nitrogen arid phosphorus) for the plants, which clean the water so that it can be reused, if desired, for the animal cultivation or be disposed of without damaging the environment.
  • the method also provides for improved food utilization/food control for the animals.
  • Antibiotic substances and other substances produced and exuded by the algae can also help to keep the animals free of infections and improve their growth.
  • the plants and the animals need not be harvested at the same time, but they can be harvested individually at any desired time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view, with parts broken away, of a greenhouse-like housing illustrating a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, with joint cultivation of mussles and macrophytes
  • Figure 1A is a schematic perspective view of part of a cultivation bed used in the housing of Figure 1
  • Figure 2A is diagrammatic view illustrating a second embodiment of the cultivation method according to the invention, wherein macro algae are cultivated in a greenhouse-like housing, the co-cultivated animals (such as fish) being cultivated in separate ponds or the like,
  • Figure 2B is a diagrammatic view illustrating a variant of the embodiment of Figure 2A, wherein the the plants are cultivated on top of the pond to facilitate recirculat ⁇ on of water from the plants to the animals
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1 using cage like beds to keep the animals enclosed.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a greenhouse-like housing 1 which forms an enclosed cultivation space, wherein a controlled atmosphere can be maintained, i.e. an atmosphere which can be controlled as to humidity, temperature and, where necessary, light.
  • a water spray or a sprinkler system 2 which in the shown embodiment comprises a feed pump 3 supplying feed water to a plurality of spray nozzles • .
  • the spray nozzles are shown located above cultivation beds 5, on which the plants and the animals are cultivated.
  • the beds 5 consist of rectangular frames of a water permeable net serving as a cultivation substrate for the plants and animals.
  • the animals 6 are oysters, blue mussles or the like, which are mixed on the beds with macro algae such as green, red or brown algae.
  • a plurality of individual beds can be placed on top of each other (two are shown in Fig. 1) and/or adjacent to each other in the same greenhouse structure.
  • the spray nozzles are arranged so as to wet the algae and animals, preferably keeping a water .charged atmosphere, inside the housing. Excess of . water falls down onto the floor 7 of the greenhosue and escapes to a sink 8 therein.
  • the system shown in Figure 1 is arranged for reuse of the excess -water, and to this end the floor of the greenhouse is designed as a water reservoir 11.
  • a circulation pump 9 and a conduit 10 recirculate the excess water to the spray system 2, .
  • the plants, such as macro algae, and the animals, such as mussels, are placed on the bed 5 and kept moistered - e.g. by a thin water film - by means of water supplied by the pump 3.
  • the nozzles -t- divide the water into droplets, a fine mist, etc.
  • the animals produce exudates containing N and P, which are efficiently consumed by the plants.
  • the water passing into the drain 8 is comparatively pure and low in N and P.
  • This water may be discarded, but it is preferably recirculated to the spray system 2, • by means of the pump 9 and the conduit 10.
  • Such a system consumes very small amounts of water, partly becat, of the fact that the plants/animals are only covered by a film of water instead of being in a large water mass, partly by the re-use of water through recirculation system 9, 10.
  • algal beds Keeping the animals moistured on land on plant (algal) beds provides for better control of sick animals, which can be removed, more efficient food distribution (food utilization), growth control, etc. Also the harvesting of the animals is facilitated. Young animals can be separated from adults, females from males, etc. The animals could be sprayed with greater amounts of water occasionally to be freed from dirt or epiphytes. Antibiotics, hormones, fungicides, herbicides, vitamins could also be added in controlled and efficient manner by spraying.
  • the algal beds will keep the moisture and remove N and P from the water and also shelter and protect the animals if the beds are kept thick enough.
  • the algae may also exude antibiotic substances, which will help to keep the animals free of infections.
  • the algae can also produce vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates which are also exuded into the water and could be used by the animals.
  • Fig.l The embodiment illustrated in Fig.l is preferred for oysters, mussels and similar. animals, in which case preferred plants are macro algae, such as green, red and brown algae. -- • -— — - -- ⁇ - .-. .— -
  • the invention is not intended to be restricted to the particular spray or sprinkler system shown -in Fig. 1, but any water distribution system " ⁇ capable x ⁇ " providing the necessary wetting of the plants/animals can be used. Not either is the design of the beds 5 critical, but any alternative support capable of serving as a substrate or support surface for the plants and/or animals in question can be used.
  • the beds are usually chosen with regard to the particular animals/plants to be cultivated.
  • FIG. 2A only the plants are cultivated on land in the greenhouse-like housing similar to the one shown in Fig. 1, whereas the animals, such as fish, are farmed in an artificial pond 20.
  • a pump 21 pumps water from the pond 20 to the sprinkler system 2 in the housing 1. Water discharged from the housing 1 may be discarded, but is preferably recirculated to the pond 20 via a conduit 22, driven by gravity or by a suitable pump (not showr As in the embodiment of- Fig. 1 the animals will cause the water in the pond 20 to become rich in N and P, which in turn are consumed by the plants in the housing 1.
  • This embodiment is preferred for cultivation of fish, especially salmon type fish and the like, preferably in combination with bluegreen and/or green algae in the housing 1.
  • Fig. 2B shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 2A.
  • the housing 1 is placed on top of the pond 20, water from the housing 1 being recirculated to the pond directly by gravity.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1, adapted for animals which have to be "caged” in order to stay on the beds, e.g. lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and the like, but also certain fishes such as flatfish, e.g. turbot.
  • the cultivation beds are provided with nets 30 on all sides to form cages for the animals.
  • Fig. 3 also shows an alternative arrangement of the spray nozzles 31, which in this case spray water from the sides of the cages, in the case shown with one row of spray heads or spray nozzles for each vertical cage level.
  • the method can be modified and complemented with various secondary features without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
  • the method offers a plurality of alternatives in details as regards the control of ligh, temperature, humidity, wetting of plants and animals, the method of supplying nutrition to the plants and animals, etc., and the person skilled in the art would be able to optimize these and related parameters and conditions on the basis of this disclosure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un procédé combiné d'élevage et de culture d'animaux aquatiques (6) avec des plantes aquatiques réalisant la photosynthèse, les plantes, de préférence des macrophytes, sont cultivées sur terre, et non dans un volume d'eau. Elles sont maintenues humides par l'application continue d'un film d'eau, de préférence par pulvérisation ou égouttage (à 4). Le procédé combiné de culture et d'élevage est appliqué en utilisant l'eau d'élevage des animaux, riche en N et P, pour humidifier les plantes et en même temps comme source de substances nutritives pour les plantes. Les plantes purifient l'eau en consommant sa teneur en N et P, et l'eau purifiée peut être réutilisée dans le système (en 9, 10) ou évacuée sans risques pour l'environnement. Les animaux peuvent être élevés dans un volume d'eau séparé (20) ou sur terre avec les plantes.
PCT/SE1983/000109 1982-03-26 1983-03-25 Procede d'elevage d'animaux aquatiques WO1983003333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8201921A SE8201921L (sv) 1982-03-26 1982-03-26 Sett och anordning for odling av vattenlevande djur
SE8201921-7820326 1982-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983003333A1 true WO1983003333A1 (fr) 1983-10-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1983/000109 WO1983003333A1 (fr) 1982-03-26 1983-03-25 Procede d'elevage d'animaux aquatiques

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0104221A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1375683A (fr)
SE (1) SE8201921L (fr)
WO (1) WO1983003333A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158160A2 (fr) * 1984-04-10 1985-10-16 Günter Heinrich Born Installation pour l'élevage d'animaux aquatiques, en particulier de poissons
EP0195431A2 (fr) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-24 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0196108A2 (fr) * 1985-03-27 1986-10-01 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0209932A1 (fr) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-28 Jörgen Rask Nielsen Serre pour culture intensive
US5121708A (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-06-16 Nuttle David A Hydroculture crop production system
WO1998018315A1 (fr) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Aquatic Bioenhancement Systems Procede d'elevage de poissons au moyen de gazon algal
ES2414354R1 (es) * 2011-02-23 2013-07-23 Fundacion Para Las Tecnologias Aux Es De La Agricultura Invernadero para la acuicultura de tilapia
US8677942B2 (en) * 2006-07-13 2014-03-25 Urban Ecological Systems Ltd. Aquaponics system
CN110050738A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-26 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 一种小龙虾温室网箱规模化繁育方法及装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2283472A (en) * 1939-10-25 1942-05-19 Blaine M Tuxhorn Apparatus for establishing fish habitats
FR2069946A1 (fr) * 1969-12-12 1971-09-10 Cie Gle Transatlantique
FR2209722A1 (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-07-05 Rietsch Robert Aquarium purification system - to clean water and sand without removing food etc.
SE404648B (sv) * 1975-04-24 1978-10-23 Hafslund Per Forfaringssett for uppretthallande av en i det nermaste ekologisk balans i ett slutet vattensystem
DE3020160A1 (de) * 1980-05-28 1981-12-03 Karl-Heinz 5300 Bonn Hambitzer Behaelter zum reinigen von aquarienwasser
EP0074323A1 (fr) * 1981-08-25 1983-03-16 Michel Quentin Garniture échangeuse d'ions pour fond d'aquarium

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2283472A (en) * 1939-10-25 1942-05-19 Blaine M Tuxhorn Apparatus for establishing fish habitats
FR2069946A1 (fr) * 1969-12-12 1971-09-10 Cie Gle Transatlantique
FR2209722A1 (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-07-05 Rietsch Robert Aquarium purification system - to clean water and sand without removing food etc.
SE404648B (sv) * 1975-04-24 1978-10-23 Hafslund Per Forfaringssett for uppretthallande av en i det nermaste ekologisk balans i ett slutet vattensystem
DE3020160A1 (de) * 1980-05-28 1981-12-03 Karl-Heinz 5300 Bonn Hambitzer Behaelter zum reinigen von aquarienwasser
EP0074323A1 (fr) * 1981-08-25 1983-03-16 Michel Quentin Garniture échangeuse d'ions pour fond d'aquarium

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158160A2 (fr) * 1984-04-10 1985-10-16 Günter Heinrich Born Installation pour l'élevage d'animaux aquatiques, en particulier de poissons
EP0158160A3 (fr) * 1984-04-10 1986-09-10 Günter Heinrich Born Installation pour l'élevage d'animaux aquatiques, en particulier de poissons
EP0195431A2 (fr) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-24 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0195431A3 (fr) * 1985-03-19 1987-07-29 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0196108A2 (fr) * 1985-03-27 1986-10-01 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0196108A3 (fr) * 1985-03-27 1987-08-19 Kei Mori Appareil pour la nourriture d'êtres vivants
EP0209932A1 (fr) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-28 Jörgen Rask Nielsen Serre pour culture intensive
US5121708A (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-06-16 Nuttle David A Hydroculture crop production system
WO1998018315A1 (fr) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Aquatic Bioenhancement Systems Procede d'elevage de poissons au moyen de gazon algal
US8677942B2 (en) * 2006-07-13 2014-03-25 Urban Ecological Systems Ltd. Aquaponics system
ES2414354R1 (es) * 2011-02-23 2013-07-23 Fundacion Para Las Tecnologias Aux Es De La Agricultura Invernadero para la acuicultura de tilapia
CN110050738A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-26 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 一种小龙虾温室网箱规模化繁育方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8201921L (sv) 1983-09-27
AU1375683A (en) 1983-10-24
EP0104221A1 (fr) 1984-04-04

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