WO1982002210A1 - Installation for hydrogenopyrolysis of coal and lignite - Google Patents
Installation for hydrogenopyrolysis of coal and lignite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1982002210A1 WO1982002210A1 PCT/BE1981/000003 BE8100003W WO8202210A1 WO 1982002210 A1 WO1982002210 A1 WO 1982002210A1 BE 8100003 W BE8100003 W BE 8100003W WO 8202210 A1 WO8202210 A1 WO 8202210A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- reactor
- heating
- coal
- fluidization
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
Definitions
- the existing apparatuses for carrying out the process differ from one another by the means adapted to ensure the supply of heat necessary for heating the solid fuel to the temperature zone, which allows its dissociation, this zone possibly being between 500 ° C and 900 ° C, depending on whether consideration is given to favoring the production of volatile matter in liquid or gaseous form.
- the apparatus according to the invention is intended to carry out the hydrogen pyrolysis operation in a moving fluidized bed reactor operating under high pressure and in which the fluidization. is ensured by a hydrogen-rich gas, at high temperature, used both as a fluidizing agent, as a chemical reagent and as a heat distributor necessary for the heating of solid fuel.
- This apparatus makes it possible to preheat the gas to a very high temperature, which has the result of reducing the gas flow required for heat transfer and, thereby, reducing the energy expenditure required for heating the installation and for the compression of the gas and to reduce the dimensions of the dedusting, cooling and gas treatment installations, downstream of the reactor.
- the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a device for heating the gas by electric arc (plasma torch), the power of which makes it possible to bring the gas to a temperature of around 2000 ° C, and a fluidization reactor, at the base of which the coal is introduced under pressure by a lateral feeder of conventional type, heating device and reactor being arranged from bottom to top inside a metal casing cylindrical of great height and of relatively small diameter, and a heat exchanger made up of metallic surfaces, one of the faces of which is in direct contact with the solid fuel bed and the other side of which is cooled by the circulation of a gas or a liquid.
- plasma torch electric arc
- a fluidization reactor at the base of which the coal is introduced under pressure by a lateral feeder of conventional type
- heating device and reactor being arranged from bottom to top inside a metal casing cylindrical of great height and of relatively small diameter, and a heat exchanger made up of metallic surfaces, one of the faces of which is in direct contact with the solid fuel bed and the other side of which is cooled by
- the heat exchanger is arranged inside the envelope, above the fluidization reactor.
- Figure 1 a flow sheet of materials
- Figure 2 a section through a vertical plane passing through the axis of the reactor
- Figure 3 a section through a horizontal plane passing through the median plane of the plasma torch.
- the ground coal introduced by the hopper 1 passes through an airlock 2, or, it is brought to the operating pressure of the reactor by an injection of nitrogen or any other inert gas.
- the feed screw 3 By the feed screw 3 it is transferred to the base of the reactor 4, in which it is fluidized by an upward flow of very hot gas with high hydrogen content. It then passes into the heat exchanger 5 constituted by a fluidized bed surrounded by an envelope, in which the cooling fluid circulates against the current.
- the coal leaves the heat exchanger 5 to. a temperature of the order of 300 ° C; it is transported pneumatically to cyclone 6, in which the separation of the solid phase, consisting of fixed carbon (char), and of the gaseous phase, consisting of the mixture of carrier gas and volatile materials, takes place.
- the gas phase then passes through a tubular exchanger 7 supplied with water through the pipe 8 and in which the separation of the permanent gases and the condensable products resulting from the pyrolysis of the coal takes place.
- the liquid products are evacuated through the tube 9.
- the excess gas is evacuated through the tube 10.
- the gas with a high hydrogen content necessary for the operation of the reactor is taken up by the tube 11; it passes through the compressor 12, which ensures its recirculation ti ⁇ n. It then passes into the outer shell of the exchanger 5, where it is preheated to a temperature close to the temperature of the coal leaving the pyrolysis reactor.
- the gas is then taken up by the pipe 13 to be injected between the electrodes of the plasma torch 14, the electrodes of which are supplied with high-voltage current by the electrical circuit 15.
- FIG. 2 gives some constructive details of the apparatus, which in particular comprises a water-jacket 16 intended to cool the electrodes and the cone for supplying gas to the fluidization reactor 4, and a narrowed passage 17 intended to separate the zone reactor 4 of the fuel cooling zone in the exchanger 5.
- the entire apparatus is contained in a metal casing 18 capable of withstanding the pressures used for the treatment of hydrogenopyrolysis and which is separated from the walls of the reactor by a layer of insulating materials of appropriate thickness.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The installation is intended to perform the hydrogenopyrolysis in a moving fluidized bed reactor operating under high pressure and in which the fluidization is effected by means of a gas with a high content of hydrogen, at a high temperature, used at the same time as a fluidization agent, as a chemical reactant and as a carrier for the heat required for heating the solid fuel. The installation comprises a device for heating the gas by electric arc (14) (approximately 2000`C) and a fluidization reactor (4), at the base of which the coal is introduced under pressure by a side feeder (3) of the conventional type, a heating device under the reactor being arranged from bottom to top inside a cylindrical metal envelope (18), having an important height and a rather small diameter, and a heat exchanger (5) formed by metal surfaces, of which one side is in direct contact with the solid fuel bed and of which the other side is cooled by the circulation of a gas or a liquid.
Description
Appareillage pour 1'hydrogénσpyrolyse du charbon et du lignite, Apparatus for the hydrogenolysis of coal and lignite,
Depuis très longtemps la pyrolyse du charbon et du lignite est pratiquée à l'échelle industrielle, en vue de séparer ces combustibles en une fraction "matières volatiles", comportant des produits hydrocarbures liquides et gazeux, et en une fraction "carbone fixe" constituée par le résidu solide.For a very long time the pyrolysis of coal and lignite has been practiced on an industrial scale, with a view to separating these fuels into a "volatile matter" fraction, comprising liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products, and into a "fixed carbon" fraction constituted by the solid residue.
Il est bien connu que pour un type de combustible donné, le rapport pondéral entre ces deux fractions dépend des conditions dans lesquelles s'effectue la pyrolyse, et que le rendement en matières volatiles peut être largement accru par deux artifices :It is well known that for a given type of fuel, the weight ratio between these two fractions depends on the conditions under which the pyrolysis takes place, and that the yield of volatile materials can be greatly increased by two devices:
- le chauffage très rapide du combustible solide, et- very rapid heating of solid fuel, and
- la réalisation de la pyrolyse en présence d'un gaz à forte teneur en hydrogène, maintenu sous pression élevée.- Performing pyrolysis in the presence of a gas with a high hydrogen content, maintained under high pressure.
Le développement industriel de l'hydrogénopyrolyse dépend, dans une large mesure, de la possibilité de réaliser un appareillage capable d'assurer un chauffage rapide du charbon dans une enceinte sous pression
en présence d'un gaz riche en hydrogène. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, il est nécessaire que le combustible solide soit finement broyé et ceci a conduit à la réalisation, de différents appareillages, dans lesquels sont utilisées les techniques de traitement en lit fluidisé et les techniques par entraînement du charbon dans un gaz porteur.The industrial development of hydrogen pyrolysis depends, to a large extent, on the possibility of producing an apparatus capable of ensuring rapid heating of the coal in a pressure vessel in the presence of a gas rich in hydrogen. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary for the solid fuel to be finely ground and this has led to the production of various apparatuses, in which the techniques of treatment in a fluidized bed and the techniques by entrainment of coal in a carrier gas are used.
Les appareillages existants pour la réalisation, du procédé différent entre eux par les moyens adaptés pour assurer l'apport de chaleur nécessaire à l'échauffement du combustible solide jusqu'à la zone de température, qui permet sa dissociation, cette zone pouvant se situer entre 500°C et 900°C, suivant qu'on envisage de privilégier la production de matières volatiles sous forme liquide ou sous forme gazeuse.The existing apparatuses for carrying out the process differ from one another by the means adapted to ensure the supply of heat necessary for heating the solid fuel to the temperature zone, which allows its dissociation, this zone possibly being between 500 ° C and 900 ° C, depending on whether consideration is given to favoring the production of volatile matter in liquid or gaseous form.
L'appareillage conforme à l'invention est destiné à réaliser l'opération d 'hydrogène pyrolyse dans un réacteur à lit fluidisé mouvant (moving fluidized bed) opérant sous haute pression et dans lequel la fluidisation. est assurée par un gaz riche en hydrogène, à température élevée, utilisé tout à la fois comme agent de fluidisation, comme réactif chimique et comme parteur de la chaleur nécessaire à l'échauffement du combustible solide.The apparatus according to the invention is intended to carry out the hydrogen pyrolysis operation in a moving fluidized bed reactor operating under high pressure and in which the fluidization. is ensured by a hydrogen-rich gas, at high temperature, used both as a fluidizing agent, as a chemical reagent and as a heat distributor necessary for the heating of solid fuel.
La conception de cet appareillage permet de préchauffer le gaz à une température très élevée, ce qui a pour résultat de réduire le débit gazeux nécessaire au transfert de chaleur et, par le fait même, de réduire la dépense d'énergie nécessaire pour le chauffage de l'installation et pour la compression du gaz et de réduire les dimensions des installations de dépoussiérage, de refroidissement et de traitrment du gaz, à l'aval du réacteur.
Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l'appareillage conforme à l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de chauffage du gaz par arc électrique (torche à plasma), dont la puissance permet de porter le gaz à une température de l'ordre de 2000°C, et un réacteur de fluidisation, à la base duquel le charbon est introduit sous pression par un alimentateur latéral de type classique, dispositif de chauffage et réacteur étant disposés de bas en haut à l'intérieur d' une enveloppe métallique cylindrique de grande hauteur et d'assez faible diamètre, et un échangeur de chaleur constitué de surfaces métalliques, dont l'une des faces est en contact direct avec le lit de combustible solide et dont l'autre face est refroidie par la circulation d'un gaz ou d'un liquide.The design of this apparatus makes it possible to preheat the gas to a very high temperature, which has the result of reducing the gas flow required for heat transfer and, thereby, reducing the energy expenditure required for heating the installation and for the compression of the gas and to reduce the dimensions of the dedusting, cooling and gas treatment installations, downstream of the reactor. To achieve these objectives, the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a device for heating the gas by electric arc (plasma torch), the power of which makes it possible to bring the gas to a temperature of around 2000 ° C, and a fluidization reactor, at the base of which the coal is introduced under pressure by a lateral feeder of conventional type, heating device and reactor being arranged from bottom to top inside a metal casing cylindrical of great height and of relatively small diameter, and a heat exchanger made up of metallic surfaces, one of the faces of which is in direct contact with the solid fuel bed and the other side of which is cooled by the circulation of a gas or a liquid.
Suivant une réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur est disposé à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, au-dessus du réacteur de fluidisation.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger is arranged inside the envelope, above the fluidization reactor.
La disposition d'une installation conforme à l'invention est donnée, à titre d'exemple uniquement, dans les dessins annexés montrant en :The arrangement of an installation in accordance with the invention is given, by way of example only, in the appended drawings showing in:
Figure 1 un schéma de circulatiion (flow sheet) des matières;Figure 1 a flow sheet of materials;
Figure 2 une coupe par un plan vertical passant par l'axe du réacteur, etFigure 2 a section through a vertical plane passing through the axis of the reactor, and
Figure 3 une coupe par un plan horizontal passant par le plan médian de la torche à plasma.Figure 3 a section through a horizontal plane passing through the median plane of the plasma torch.
Dans l'installation représentée en figure 1, le charbon broyé introduit par la trémie 1 passe dans un sas 2,
ou, il est porté à la pression de fonctionnement du réacteur par une injection d'azote ou de tαut autre gaz inerte. Par la vis d'alimentation 3 il est transféré à la base du réacteur 4, dans lequel il est fluidisé par un courant ascensionnel de gaz très chaud à haute teneur en hydrogène. Il passe ensuite dans l'échangeur de chaleur 5 constitué par un lit fluidisé entouré d' une enveloppe, dans laquelle le fluide de refroidissement circule à contre courant. Le charbon sort de l'échangeur de chaleur 5 à. une température de l'ordre de 300°C; il est transporté pneumatique ment vers le cyclone 6, dans lequel s'effectue la séparation de la phase solide, constituée par le carbone fixe (char) , et de la phase gazeuse constituée par le mélange du gaz porteur et des matières volatiles. La phase gazeuse passe ensuite dans un échangeur tubulaire 7 alimenté en eau par la tubulure 8 et dans lequel s'effectue la séparation des gaz permanents et des produits condensables résultant de la pyrolyse du charbon.In the installation represented in FIG. 1, the ground coal introduced by the hopper 1 passes through an airlock 2, or, it is brought to the operating pressure of the reactor by an injection of nitrogen or any other inert gas. By the feed screw 3 it is transferred to the base of the reactor 4, in which it is fluidized by an upward flow of very hot gas with high hydrogen content. It then passes into the heat exchanger 5 constituted by a fluidized bed surrounded by an envelope, in which the cooling fluid circulates against the current. The coal leaves the heat exchanger 5 to. a temperature of the order of 300 ° C; it is transported pneumatically to cyclone 6, in which the separation of the solid phase, consisting of fixed carbon (char), and of the gaseous phase, consisting of the mixture of carrier gas and volatile materials, takes place. The gas phase then passes through a tubular exchanger 7 supplied with water through the pipe 8 and in which the separation of the permanent gases and the condensable products resulting from the pyrolysis of the coal takes place.
Les produits liquides sont évacués par la tubulure 9. L'excédent de gaz est évacué par la tubulure 10. Le gaz à haute teneur en hydrogène nécessaire au fonctionnement du réacteur est repris par la tubulure 11; il traverse le compresseur 12, qui assure sa re circula tiσn. Il passe ensuite dans l'enveloppe extérieure de l'échangeur 5, où il est préchauffé jusqu'à une température voisine de la température du charbon qui sort du réacteur de pyrolyse .The liquid products are evacuated through the tube 9. The excess gas is evacuated through the tube 10. The gas with a high hydrogen content necessary for the operation of the reactor is taken up by the tube 11; it passes through the compressor 12, which ensures its recirculation tiσn. It then passes into the outer shell of the exchanger 5, where it is preheated to a temperature close to the temperature of the coal leaving the pyrolysis reactor.
Le gaz est alors repris par la tubulure 13 pour être injecté entre les électrodes de la torche à plasma 14 , dont les électrodes sont alimentées en courant à haute tension par le circuit électrique 15.The gas is then taken up by the pipe 13 to be injected between the electrodes of the plasma torch 14, the electrodes of which are supplied with high-voltage current by the electrical circuit 15.
La traversée de l'arc électrique porte le gaz au voisinage de 2000°C et c'est ce gaz à très haute température,
qui est injecté de bas en haut dans le réacteur 4.The crossing of the electric arc brings the gas to the vicinity of 2000 ° C and it is this gas at very high temperature, which is injected from bottom to top into reactor 4.
La figure 2 donne quelques détails constructifs de 1' appareillage, qui comporte notamment un water-jacket 16 destiné à refroidir les électrodes et le cône d'alimentation du gaz dans le réacteur de fluidisation 4, et un passage rétréci 17 destiné à séparer la zone chaude du réacteur 4 de la zone de refroidissement du combustible dans l'échangeur 5. L'ensemble de l'appareillage est contenu dans une enveloppe métallique 18 capable de résister aux pressions utilisées pour le traitement d' hydrogenopyrolyse et qui est séparée des parois du réacteur par une couche de matériaux isolants d'épaisseur appropriée.FIG. 2 gives some constructive details of the apparatus, which in particular comprises a water-jacket 16 intended to cool the electrodes and the cone for supplying gas to the fluidization reactor 4, and a narrowed passage 17 intended to separate the zone reactor 4 of the fuel cooling zone in the exchanger 5. The entire apparatus is contained in a metal casing 18 capable of withstanding the pressures used for the treatment of hydrogenopyrolysis and which is separated from the walls of the reactor by a layer of insulating materials of appropriate thickness.
O'n a déjà signalé que l'utilisation de l'appareillage conforme à l'invention permet de réduire au minimum le débit gazeux nécessaire au traitement d'hydrogenopyrolyse. Deux autres avantage peuvent être partes à son actif: - le passage du gaz recyclé dans l'arc électrique de la torche à plasma a pour effet de cracker les molécules de méthane et d'hydrocarbure présentes dans le gaz recyclé, ce qui entraîne une élévation de sa teneur en hydrogène; - la traversée de l'arc électrique produit une ionisation élevée de l'hydrogène et cette ionisation entraîne un accroissement de réactivité, qui améliore le rendement de l'hydrogénopyrolyse.
O'n has already pointed out that the use of the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the gas flow rate necessary for the treatment of hydrogenopyrolysis. Two other advantages can be attributed to it: - the passage of recycled gas in the electric arc of the plasma torch has the effect of cracking the methane and hydrocarbon molecules present in the recycled gas, which leads to a rise its hydrogen content; - crossing the electric arc produces a high ionization of the hydrogen and this ionization leads to an increase in reactivity, which improves the yield of the hydrogen pyrolysis.
Claims
1. Appareillage pour la réalisation de l'hydrogenopyrolyse du charbon et du lignite, constitué d'un réacteur à lit mouvant, fluidisé par un gaz sous pression riche en hydrogène, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de chauffage du gaz par arc électrique (torche à plasma), dont la puissance permet de porter le gaz à une température de l'ordre de 2000°C, et un réacteur de fluidisation, à la base duquel le charbon est introduit sous pression par un alimentateur latéral de type classique, dispositif de chauffage et réacteur étant disposés de bas en haut à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe métallique cylindrique de grande hauteur et d'assez faible diamètre, et un échangeur de chaleur constitué de' surfaces métalliques, dont l' une des faces est en contact direct avec le lit de combustible solide et dont l'autre face est refroidie par la circulation d'un gaz ou d'un liquide.1. Apparatus for carrying out the hydrogenopyrolysis of coal and lignite, consisting of a moving bed reactor, fluidized by a pressurized gas rich in hydrogen, characterized in that it comprises a device for heating the gas by arc electric (plasma torch), whose power makes it possible to bring the gas to a temperature of the order of 2000 ° C, and a fluidization reactor, at the base of which the coal is introduced under pressure by a side feeder of conventional type , heating device and reactor being arranged from bottom to top inside a cylindrical metallic envelope of great height and of relatively small diameter, and a heat exchanger made up of 'metallic surfaces, one of the faces of which is in direct contact with the solid fuel bed and the other side of which is cooled by the circulation of a gas or a liquid.
2. Appareillage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur est disposé à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe métallique cylindrique, au-dessus du réacteur de fluidisation.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger is arranged inside the cylindrical metal casing, above the fluidization reactor.
3. Appareillage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes du dispositif de chauffage du gaz et le cône d'alimentation du gaz dans le réacteur de fluidisation sont entourés d'une enveloppe (waterjacket) à circulation d'eau.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes of the gas heating device and the gas supply cone in the fluidization reactor are surrounded by a jacket (waterjacket) with water circulation.
4. Appareillage suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un circuit de tuyauteries et un compresseur permettant d'assurer la recirculation d'une partie du gaz produit, son préchauffage dans l'échangeur de chaleur et son injection dans le dispositif de chauffage du gaz par arc électrique. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a piping circuit and a compressor making it possible to recirculate part of the gas produced, its preheating in the heat exchanger and its injection into the device gas heating by electric arc.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU80003/82A AU8000382A (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1981-12-28 | Installation for hydrogenopyrolysis of coal and lignite |
| JP50019982A JPS57502260A (en) | 1981-12-28 | 1981-12-28 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE47364801229 | 1980-12-29 | ||
| BE6/47364A BE886903A (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1980-12-29 | NEW APPARATUS FOR HYDROGENOPYROLYSIS OF COAL AND LIGNITE. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1982002210A1 true WO1982002210A1 (en) | 1982-07-08 |
Family
ID=3874886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BE1981/000003 WO1982002210A1 (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1981-12-28 | Installation for hydrogenopyrolysis of coal and lignite |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0067184A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982002210A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA818987B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102389752A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-03-28 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Multifunctional gas-solid fluidized bed process evaluation system and method |
| ITUB20152866A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-05 | Spike Renewables S R L | PYROLYSIS FAST PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS. |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE559923C (en) * | 1929-03-13 | 1932-09-26 | Hydrierwerke Akt Ges Deutsche | Process for the hydrogenation of coal, coal distillates, tars, heavy mineral oils and the like. like |
| US3901660A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1975-08-26 | Hoechst Ag | Apparatus for the continuous carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reaction in liquid phase |
-
1981
- 1981-12-28 WO PCT/BE1981/000003 patent/WO1982002210A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-12-28 EP EP82900087A patent/EP0067184A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-12-29 ZA ZA818987A patent/ZA818987B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE559923C (en) * | 1929-03-13 | 1932-09-26 | Hydrierwerke Akt Ges Deutsche | Process for the hydrogenation of coal, coal distillates, tars, heavy mineral oils and the like. like |
| US3901660A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1975-08-26 | Hoechst Ag | Apparatus for the continuous carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reaction in liquid phase |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102389752A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-03-28 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Multifunctional gas-solid fluidized bed process evaluation system and method |
| ITUB20152866A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-05 | Spike Renewables S R L | PYROLYSIS FAST PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA818987B (en) | 1982-11-24 |
| EP0067184A1 (en) | 1982-12-22 |
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