EP0292391B1 - Hydrocracking process of a hydrocarbon feed, and apparatus for carrying out this process - Google Patents

Hydrocracking process of a hydrocarbon feed, and apparatus for carrying out this process Download PDF

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EP0292391B1
EP0292391B1 EP88401215A EP88401215A EP0292391B1 EP 0292391 B1 EP0292391 B1 EP 0292391B1 EP 88401215 A EP88401215 A EP 88401215A EP 88401215 A EP88401215 A EP 88401215A EP 0292391 B1 EP0292391 B1 EP 0292391B1
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Prior art keywords
process according
fluidized bed
gas
plasma
stream
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0292391A1 (en
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Jacques Amouroux
Mehrdad Nikravech
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Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G15/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
    • C10G15/12—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs with gases superheated in an electric arc, e.g. plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
    • C10G47/30—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé d'hydrocraquage d'une charge d'hydrocarbures lourds et à une installation d'hydrocraquage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The present invention relates to a process for hydrocracking a charge of heavy hydrocarbons and to a hydrocracking installation for the implementation of this process.

Le procédé connu d'hydrocraquage ou de craquage en présence d'hydrogène, consiste en une réaction catalysée de pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures à poids moléculaire élevé afin d'obtenir par rupture de liaisons carbone-carbone des hydrocarbures plus légers. Cette réaction est endothermique et a lieu dans une plage de températures bien déterminée. Au-dessus de cette plage de températures, les hydrocarbures sont dégradés par cokéfaction.The known hydrocracking or cracking process in the presence of hydrogen consists of a catalyzed reaction of pyrolysis of high molecular weight hydrocarbons in order to obtain lighter hydrocarbons by breaking carbon-carbon bonds. This reaction is endothermic and takes place within a well-defined temperature range. Above this temperature range, the hydrocarbons are degraded by coking.

En présence d'hydrogène radicalaire, la vitesse de la réactieon de craquage augmente et la viscosité des produits diminue par raccourcissement des chaînes hydrocarbonées. De plus, la stabilité des produits et le rendement obtenu, sont supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec un procédé de craquage catalytique classique.In the presence of radical hydrogen, the speed of the cracking reaction increases and the viscosity of the products decreases by shortening the hydrocarbon chains. In addition, the stability of the products and the yield obtained are greater than those obtained with a conventional catalytic cracking process.

Toutefois, la production d'hydrogène radicalaire exige d'atteindre des températures élevées pour que sa concentration devienne significative et ses températures de formation de l'hydrogène radicalaire sont trop élevées pour permettre une réaction d'hydrocraquage dans la mesure où la cokéfaction aurait lieu.However, the production of radical hydrogen requires reaching high temperatures for its concentration to become significant and its temperatures for formation of radical hydrogen are too high to allow a hydrocracking reaction to the extent that coking takes place.

La présente invention a donc pour but d'améliorer les rendements obtenus dans la technique antérieure en utilisant de l'hydrogène radicalaire pour l'hydrocraquage d'hydrocarbures lourds, tout en opérant à une température qui ne conduit pas à la cokéfaction de ces hydrocarbures.The present invention therefore aims to improve the yields obtained in the prior art by using radical hydrogen for the hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons, while operating at a temperature which does not lead to the coking of these hydrocarbons.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un procédé d'hydrocraquage d'une charge d'hydrocarbures lourds caractérisé en ce qu'on mélange un plasma contenant de l'hydrogène dans un lit de particules solides fluidisé par un courant gazeux pour produire de l'hydrogène radicalaire entraîné dans le courant gazeux à une température inférieure à celle du plasma et en ce qu'on fait réagir l'hydrogène radicalaire refroidi ainsi produit avec ladite charge d'hydrocarbures lourds pour former par hydrocraquage, des hydrocarbures légers entraînés dans le courant gazeux.To this end, the subject of the present invention is a process for hydrocracking a charge of heavy hydrocarbons, characterized in that a plasma containing hydrogen is mixed in a bed of solid particles fluidized by a gas stream to produce radical hydrogen entrained in the gas stream at a temperature lower than that of the plasma and in that the cooled radical hydrogen thus produced is reacted with said charge of heavy hydrocarbons to form by hydrocracking, light hydrocarbons entrained in the gas stream.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • On fait circuler en aval du lit fluidisé, le courant gazeux à travers un réacteur dans lequel l'hydrogène radicalaire réagit avec les hydrocarbures lourds.
  • On fait séjourner le courant gazeux pendant un temps déterminé dans le réacteur afin d'ajuster le taux d'hydrocraquage et la longueur des fragments des hydrocarbures obtenus.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • The gas stream is circulated downstream of the fluidized bed through a reactor in which the radical hydrogen reacts with the heavy hydrocarbons.
  • The gas stream is made to stay for a determined time in the reactor in order to adjust the hydrocracking rate and the length of the fragments of the hydrocarbons obtained.

Les particules solides comprennent un catalyseur.The solid particles include a catalyst.

Le plasma contient de l'hydrogène.Plasma contains hydrogen.

Le plasma contient environ 80% en volume d'argon.The plasma contains approximately 80% by volume of argon.

Le lit fluidisé est du type jaillissant.The fluidized bed is of the gushing type.

On injecte le plasma latéralement dans le lit fluidisé.The plasma is injected laterally into the fluidized bed.

Le courant gazeux de fluidisation contient de l'argon et/ou de l'hydrogène.The fluidizing gas stream contains argon and / or hydrogen.

On injecte la charge d'hydrocarbures lourds dans le lit fluidisé.The charge of heavy hydrocarbons is injected into the fluidized bed.

On préchauffe le gaz de fluidisation en amont du lit fluidisé.The fluidizing gas is preheated upstream of the fluidized bed.

On préchauffe et on vaporise la charge d'hydrocarbures lourds avant son injection dans le courant gazeux.The charge of heavy hydrocarbons is preheated and vaporized before it is injected into the gas stream.

Suivant une variante, on injecte la charge d'hydrocarbures lourds à la surface du lit fluidisé.According to a variant, the charge of heavy hydrocarbons is injected onto the surface of the fluidized bed.

Suivant une autre variante, on injecte la charge d'hydrocarbures lourds dans le réacteur en aval du lit fluidisé.According to another variant, the charge of heavy hydrocarbons is injected into the reactor downstream from the fluidized bed.

La présente invention a également pour objet une installation d'hydrocraquage d'une charge d'hydrocarbures lourds pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé défini ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend un dispositif à lit fluidisé comprenant une enceinte comportant des moyens d'injection d'un gaz de fluidisation au niveau de son fond, des moyens de sortie de ce dernier et contenant une masse de particules solides destinées à former un lit fluidisé, et une torche à plasma d'un gaz contenant de l'hydrogène, adaptée pour injecter le plasma à l'intérieur de l'enceinte dans le lit de particules fluidisé.The present invention also relates to an installation for hydrocracking a charge of heavy hydrocarbons for the implementation of the process defined above, characterized in that it comprises a fluidized bed device comprising an enclosure comprising means for injecting a fluidizing gas at its bottom, means for leaving the latter and containing a mass of solid particles intended to form a fluidized bed, and a plasma torch of a gas containing hydrogen , suitable for injecting the plasma inside the enclosure into the fluidized particle bed.

Il est prévu un réacteur relié à la sortie de ladite enceinte, ce réacteur étant un réacteur tubulaire.A reactor is provided connected to the outlet of said enclosure, this reactor being a tubular reactor.

La torche à plasma est raccordée au niveau d'une paroi latérale de l'enceinte de façon à ce que le plasma soit injecté latéralement dans le lit fluidisé.The plasma torch is connected at a side wall of the enclosure so that the plasma is injected laterally into the fluidized bed.

Les parois de l'enceinte sont en alumine.The walls of the enclosure are made of alumina.

Le fond de l'enceinte présente une forme évasée vers le haut à la partie inférieure duquel débouchent les moyens d'injection du gaz de fluidisation.The bottom of the enclosure has a flared shape upwards at the bottom of which open the means for injecting the fluidizing gas.

Les moyens d'injection du gaz de fluidisation comprennent un tube muni de moyens de chauffage et garni de particules solides d'un matériau d'échanges thermiques.The means for injecting the fluidizing gas comprise a tube provided with heating means and lined with solid particles of a heat exchange material.

L'invention va être mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation du procédé et de l'installation de l'invention, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une installation d'hydrocraquage réalisée conformément à l'invention; et
  • Les figures 2 à 5 sont des histogrammes illustrant la répartition en pourcentage en poids en fonction du nombre de carbones des produits hydrocarbonés recueillis dans les phases gazeuse et liquide à la sortie de l'installation illustrée sur la figure 1 au cours de différents essais.
The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of an embodiment of the method and of the installation of the invention, and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a hydrocracking installation produced in accordance with the invention; and
  • Figures 2 to 5 are histograms illustrating the percentage distribution by weight as a function of the number of carbons of the hydrocarbon products collected in the gaseous and liquid phases at the outlet of the installation illustrated in Figure 1 during various tests.

Sur la figure 1, l'installation comprend un dispositif à lit fluidisé comportant une enceinte 1 de forme générale parallélépipédique dont le fond 2 qui présente une forme évasée vers le haut est raccordé au niveau de sa partie inférieure à des moyens d'injection 3 d'un gaz de fluidisation.In FIG. 1, the installation comprises a fluidized bed device comprising an enclosure 1 of generally parallelepipedal shape, the bottom 2 of which has an upwardly flared shape is connected at its lower part to injection means 3 d 'a fluidizing gas.

Un réacteur tubulaire 4 est raccordé à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte 1 de telle façon que le réacteur 4 communique avec l'intérieur de l'enceinte et une torche à plasma 5 comportant de façon classique des inducteurs 6, traverse une paroi latérale de l'enceinte 1 de façon à injecter un plasma dans une masse M de particules disposée dans l'enceinte 1. Les particules de la masse M peuvent comprendre un catalyseur d'hydrocraquage classique et elles sont destinées à être fluidisées en un lit de type jaillissant par le gaz de fluidisation pénétrant dans l'enceinte.A tubular reactor 4 is connected to the upper part of the enclosure 1 so that the reactor 4 communicates with the interior of the enclosure and a plasma torch 5 conventionally comprising inductors 6, passes through a side wall of enclosure 1 so as to inject a plasma into a mass M of particles placed in enclosure 1. The particles of mass M can comprise a conventional hydrocracking catalyst and they are intended to be fluidized into a gushing type bed by the fluidizing gas entering the enclosure.

L'enceinte 1 a des parois internes en alumine de 4 mm d'épaisseur, calorifugées extérieurement par une couche de briques poreuses de 20 mm d'épaisseur collées par du ciment réfractaire sur l'alumine, cette couche de briques étant elle-même recouverte par 14 mm d'épaisseur de laine de verre enveloppée d'une couche de rubans d'amiante.Enclosure 1 has internal walls of alumina 4 mm thick, externally insulated by a layer of porous bricks 20 mm thick bonded with refractory cement on the alumina, this layer of bricks being itself covered by 14 mm thick glass wool wrapped in a layer of asbestos ribbons.

Les moyens d'injection 3 du gaz de fluidisation comprennent un tube 7 en silice opaque d'une longueur de 300 mm et d'un diamètre de 40 mm débouchant au fond de l'enceinte 1. Ce tube est entouré d'un ruban chauffant de 500 W (non représenté) destiné à préchauffer le gaz de fluidisation et il est garni de billes d'alumine d'un diamètre de 2 à 6 mm favorisant les échanges thermiques entre le gaz et la paroi du tube. Les particules d'AI203 fluidisées ont une granulométrie telle que 43% en poids des billes ont un diamètre compris entre 500 et 350 um et 57% en poids ont un diamètre compris entre 630 et 500 pm. Cette proportion granulométrique permet une fluidisation jaillissante sans entraîner de particules dans lenceinte 1 jusqu'à un débit du gaz de fluidisation de l'ordre de 50 I/mn. La partie inférieure du tube 7 est équipée d'un injecteur 8 classique en laiton.The means 3 for injecting the fluidizing gas comprise a tube 7 made of opaque silica with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 40 mm opening out at the bottom of the enclosure 1. This tube is surrounded by a heating tape of 500 W (not shown) intended to preheat the fluidizing gas and it is lined with alumina balls with a diameter of 2 to 6 mm promoting thermal exchanges between the gas and the wall of the tube. The particles of fluidized AI 2 0 3 have a particle size such that 43% by weight of the beads have a diameter between 500 and 350 μm and 57% by weight have a diameter between 630 and 500 μm. This particle size proportion allows a gushing fluidization without entraining particles in the enclosure 1 up to a flow rate of the fluidization gas of the order of 50 l / min. The lower part of the tube 7 is equipped with a conventional brass injector 8.

Le réacteur tubulaire est constitué d'un tube de silice de 85 mm de diamètre et de 500 mm de longueur, un thermocouple (non représenté) étant prévu dans une partie intermédiaire de celui-ci pour mesurer la température du courant gazeux le traversant. La sortie du réacteur tubulaire 4 est reliée à des moyens de récupération et de fractionnement par condensation des produits hydrocarbonés sortants.The tubular reactor consists of a silica tube 85 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length, a thermocouple (not shown) being provided in an intermediate part thereof to measure the temperature of the gas stream passing through it. The outlet of the tubular reactor 4 is connected to means for recovery and fractionation by condensation of the outgoing hydrocarbon products.

Ces moyens comprennent au voisinage de la sortie du réacteur tubulaire 4, un réfrigérant à eau 9 auquel est relié successivement un piège 10 à glace carbonique et un piège 11 à azote liquide. En aval, le piège à azote liquide 11 est relié à une fiole de lavage 12 dans laquelle une dépression est engendrée par une pompe non représentée.These means comprise in the vicinity of the outlet of the tubular reactor 4, a water cooler 9 to which is successively connected a trap 10 for dry ice and a trap 11 for liquid nitrogen. Downstream, the liquid nitrogen trap 11 is connected to a washing flask 12 in which a vacuum is generated by a pump not shown.

En service, le fonctionnement de l'installation qui vient d'être décrite est le suivant. La masse M de particules solides, de diamètre déterminé, contenant un catalyseur sont mises en fluidisation en un lit jaillissant présentant la forme d'une fontaine retombant vers les parois de l'enceinte par le débit constant d'un gaz de fluidisation formé par un mélange d'argon et/ou d'hydrogène et de l'hydrocarbure vaporisé. Le gaz de fluidisation est préchauffé dans le tube 7 garni des billes d'alumine, la charge d'hydrocarbures lourds aliphatiques et/ou cycliques, étant introduite dans le lit fluidisé par l'intermédiaire d'une canne d'injection dans laquelle il est vaporisé et préchauffé.In operation, the operation of the installation which has just been described is as follows. The mass M of solid particles, of determined diameter, containing a catalyst are put in fluidization in a gushing bed having the shape of a fountain falling towards the walls of the enclosure by the constant flow of a fluidizing gas formed by a mixture of argon and / or hydrogen and vaporized hydrocarbon. The fluidizing gas is preheated in the tube 7 lined with alumina beads, the charge of heavy aliphatic and / or cyclic hydrocarbons being introduced into the fluidized bed via an injection pipe in which it is vaporized and preheated.

La torche à plasma 5 injecte un plasma d'hydrogène contenant de préférence de l'argon, latéralement dans le lit de particules fluidisé où il transfère en se mélangeant et en se refroidissant une partie de sa chaleur aux particules qui échangent cette chaleur avec le gaz de fluidisation et la charge d'hydrocarbures louds permettant ainsi une réaction d'hydrocraquage en présence d'hydrogène radicalaire à une température ajustée qui demeure notablement inférieure à celle du plasma et qui ne donne donc pas lieu à la cokéfaction des hydrocarbures.The plasma torch 5 injects a hydrogen plasma preferably containing argon, laterally into the fluidized particle bed where it transfers by mixing and cooling part of its heat to the particles which exchange this heat with the gas fluidization and the charge of loud hydrocarbons thus allowing a hydrocracking reaction in the presence of radical hydrogen at an adjusted temperature which remains significantly lower than that of plasma and which therefore does not give rise to the coking of hydrocarbons.

La réaction d'hydrocraquage se poursuit en présence de l'hydrogène radicalaire dans le réacteur tubulaire 4 et le temps de séjour du courant gaz à l'intérieur de celui-ci, est déterminé de façon à ajuster le taux d'hydrocraquage des hydrocarbures lourds ainsi que la longueur des fragments d'hydrocarbures légers obtenus.The hydrocracking reaction continues in the presence of radical hydrogen in the tubular reactor 4 and the residence time of the gas stream inside it is determined so as to adjust the hydrocracking rate of heavy hydrocarbons as well as the length of the light hydrocarbon fragments obtained.

Les produits hydrocarbonés sortant du réacteur tubulaire 4 sont ensuite fractionnés en fonction de leur point de condensation dans le réfrigérant à eau 9, dans le piège à glace carbonique 10 (-60°C) et dans le piège à azote liquide 11 (-196°C) pour les produits les plus légers.The hydrocarbon products leaving the tubular reactor 4 are then fractionated according to their condensation point in the water cooler 9, in the dry ice trap 10 (-60 ° C) and in the liquid nitrogen trap 11 (-196 ° C) for the lightest products.

La torche à plasma fonctionne à une fréquence de 5 MHz avec une puissance allant jusqu'à 9 kW et un rendement de 50%. Le débit de gaz plasmagène est par exemple de 42 à 47 litres/mn avec de 35 à 40 litres/ mn d'argon et 7 litres/mn d'hydrogène. Les plasmas d'hydrogène demandant une énergie plus importante que les plasmas d'argon, on augmente la tension aux bornes de l'inducteur 6 au fur et à mesure que l'on accroît le débit d'hydrogène dans le gas plasmagène.The plasma torch operates at a frequency of 5 MHz with a power of up to 9 kW and an efficiency of 50%. The plasma gas flow rate is, for example, 42 to 47 liters / min with 35 to 40 liters / min of argon and 7 liters / min of hydrogen. Since hydrogen plasmas require more energy than argon plasmas, the voltage across the terminals of inductor 6 is increased as the flow of hydrogen in the plasma gas is increased.

L'utilisation de l'argon dans le gaz plasmagène présente un intérêt particulier dans la mesure où l'on génère l'espèce radicalaire ArH+. Dont la durée de vie est estimée à quelques secondes, ce qui permet d'augmenter la durée de vie de l'hydrogène radicalaire.The use of argon in plasma gas is of particular interest insofar as the radical species ArH + is generated . The lifetime of which is estimated at a few seconds, which makes it possible to increase the lifetime of the radical hydrogen.

L'injection d'un plasma à base d'hydrogène dans le lit de particules fluidisé en présence de la charge vaporisée d'hydrocarbures louds permet ainsi d'assurer un échange thermique rapide entre le courant gazeux de fluidisation et le plasma et de disposer ainsi d'une quantité importante d'hydrogène radicalaire à une température commandée satisfaisante pour effectuer la réaction d'hydrocraquage.The injection of a hydrogen-based plasma into the fluidized particle bed in the presence of the vaporized charge of loud hydrocarbons thus makes it possible to ensure rapid heat exchange between the gaseous fluidization stream and the plasma and thus to have a large amount of radical hydrogen at a controlled temperature satisfactory for carrying out the hydrocracking reaction.

Les exemples suivants illustrent la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.The following examples illustrate the implementation of the process of the invention.

Dans ces exemples, on a traité un hydrocarbure aliphatique en C20 pour effectuer la réaction d'hydrocraquage et on a analysé les hydrocarbures sortants par chromatographie à l'aide d'un détecteur à ionisation de flamme équipé d'une colonne SE30 à 10% pour la séparation des hydrocarbures liquides et d'une colonne de squalane à 7% pour la séparation des hydrocarbures gazeux et légers.In these examples, a C 20 aliphatic hydrocarbon was treated to carry out the hydrocracking reaction and the outgoing hydrocarbons were analyzed by chromatography using a gas detector. flame ionization equipped with a 10% SE30 column for the separation of liquid hydrocarbons and a 7% squalane column for the separation of gaseous and light hydrocarbons.

Les chromatogrammes qui ont été obtenus sont présentés sous la forme d'histogrammes sur les figures 2 à 5.The chromatograms which have been obtained are presented in the form of histograms in FIGS. 2 to 5.

Les résultats sont mentionnés dans les tableaux 1 et 2 ci-dessous.

Figure imgb0001
The results are reported in Tables 1 and 2 below.
Figure imgb0001

Quatre vingt dix pourcent en poids des produits obtenus au cours des expériences mentionnées sont à l'état gazeux renfermant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone.Ninety percent by weight of the products obtained during the mentioned experiments are in the gaseous state containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Les hydrocarbures constitués de 5 à 20 atomes de carbone formant dix pourcent des produits sont à l'état liquide.The hydrocarbons consisting of 5 to 20 carbon atoms forming ten percent of the products are in the liquid state.

L'analyse séparée de ces deux types de produits donne les résultats suivants:

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
 The separate analysis of these two types of products gives the following results:
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004

Claims (20)

1. A process for the hydrocracking of a feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons, which comprises mixing a plasma containing hydrogen into a bed of solid particles fluidized by a stream of gas in order to produce radical hydrogen entrained in the stream of gas at a temperature below that of the plasma, and reacting the cooled radical hydrogen produced in this way with the said feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons in order to form, by hydrocracking, low-molecular hydrocarbons entrained in the stream of gas.
2. The process according to Claim 1, wherein the stream of gas is circulated, downstream of the fluidized bed, through a reactor in which the radical hydrogen reacts with the high-molecular hydrocarbons.
3. The process according to Claim 2, wherein the stream of gas is made to reside in the reactor for a given period of time for the purpose of adjusting the hydrocracking coefficient and the length of the hydrocarbon fragments obtained.
4. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid particles include a catalyst.
5. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plasma contains hydrogen.
6. The process according to Claim 5, wherein the plasma contains about 80% by volume of argon.
7. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluidized bed is of the spurting type.
8. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plasma is injected laterally or perpendicularly into the fluidized bed.
9. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stream of fluidizing gas contains argon and/or hydrogen.
10. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons is injected into the fluidized bed.
11. The process according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons is injected at the surface of the fluidized bed.
12. The process according to any one of Claims 2 to 9, wherein the feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons is injected into the reactor downstream of the fluidized bed.
13. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluidizing gas is preheated upstream of the fluidized bed.
14. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons is preheated and vaporized before being injected into the stream of gas.
15. A plant for the hydrocracking of a feedstock of high-molecular hydrocarbons, for carrying out the process according to any one of the preceding Claims, which comprises a fluidized-bed device including a chamber (1) possessing means (3) for injecting a fluidizing gas at its bottom end, means for the said fluidizing gas to escape, which contain a mass (M) of solid particles for forming a fluidized bed, and a plasma torch (5) of a gas containing hydrogen, which is suitable for injecting the plasma inside the chamber into the fluidized bed of particles.
16. The plant according to Claim 15, wherein a reactor (4) is provided and is connected to the outlet of the said chamber.
17. The plant according to Claim 16, wherein the said reactor is a tube reactor.
18. The plant according to any one of Claims 15 to 17, wherein the plasma torch is connected to a side wall of the chamber so that the plasma is injected laterally into the fluidized bed.
19. The plant according to any one of Claims 15 to 18, wherein the walls of the chamber are made of alumina.
20. The plant according to any one of Claims 15 to 19, wherein the bottom (2) of the chamber has a flared shape towards the top and the means (7) for injecting the fluidizing gas come out into the lower part of said bottom.
EP88401215A 1987-05-22 1988-05-19 Hydrocracking process of a hydrocarbon feed, and apparatus for carrying out this process Expired - Lifetime EP0292391B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8707216 1987-05-22
FR8707216A FR2615523B1 (en) 1987-05-22 1987-05-22 PROCESS FOR HYDROCRACKING A HYDROCARBON CHARGE AND HYDROCRACKING INSTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD

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EP0292391A1 EP0292391A1 (en) 1988-11-23
EP0292391B1 true EP0292391B1 (en) 1991-01-02

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EP88401215A Expired - Lifetime EP0292391B1 (en) 1987-05-22 1988-05-19 Hydrocracking process of a hydrocarbon feed, and apparatus for carrying out this process

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US (1) US4941965A (en)
EP (1) EP0292391B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01158095A (en)
DE (1) DE3861352D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2615523B1 (en)
NO (1) NO172059C (en)

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FR2639354B1 (en) * 1988-11-24 1993-01-22 Gaz De France PROCESS FOR CRACKING A LOAD OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS IN LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
FR2647442B1 (en) * 1989-05-24 1991-09-13 Electricite De France PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF "OXO" PRODUCTS BY PLASMA AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING A PLASMA REACTOR USEFUL IN THE PROCESS
GB9216509D0 (en) * 1992-08-04 1992-09-16 Health Lab Service Board Improvements in the conversion of chemical moieties
US11021661B2 (en) * 2012-02-21 2021-06-01 Battelle Memorial Institute Heavy fossil hydrocarbon conversion and upgrading using radio-frequency or microwave energy
US9862892B2 (en) 2012-02-21 2018-01-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Heavy fossil hydrocarbon conversion and upgrading using radio-frequency or microwave energy
US9725652B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-08-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Delayed coking plant combined heating and power generation
US9803508B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation from waste heat in integrated crude oil diesel hydrotreating and aromatics facilities
US9803505B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation from waste heat in integrated aromatics and naphtha block facilities
US9803507B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation using independent dual organic Rankine cycles from waste heat systems in diesel hydrotreating-hydrocracking and continuous-catalytic-cracking-aromatics facilities
US9803145B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation from waste heat in integrated crude oil refining, aromatics, and utilities facilities
US9745871B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-08-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Kalina cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power
US9803513B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation from waste heat in integrated aromatics, crude distillation, and naphtha block facilities
US10227899B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2019-03-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Organic rankine cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling
US9803506B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Power generation from waste heat in integrated crude oil hydrocracking and aromatics facilities
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CA3097795A1 (en) 2018-04-20 2019-10-24 The Texas A & M University System Process for partial upgrading of heavy oil

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO172059B (en) 1993-02-22
FR2615523A1 (en) 1988-11-25
FR2615523B1 (en) 1990-06-01
EP0292391A1 (en) 1988-11-23
NO172059C (en) 1993-06-02
NO882229D0 (en) 1988-05-20
US4941965A (en) 1990-07-17
NO882229L (en) 1988-11-23
JPH01158095A (en) 1989-06-21
DE3861352D1 (en) 1991-02-07

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