FR2575488A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A GAS COMPRISING MAINLY CO AND H2, FROM CARBONACEOUS STARTING MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

A.PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GAS MAINLY CONSTITUTED OF CO AND H, FROM A FINALLY DIVIDED CARBON MATERIAL. B. THE REAGENT COKE IS OBTAINED FROM A CARBONATED RAW MATERIAL IN PIECES, IN A CARBONIZATION OVEN 21. THE COKE PRODUCED IS INTRODUCED IN A CARBURATION OVEN 2 INTENDED FOR THE CARBURATION OF A GAS MIXTURE PRODUCED IN A CHAMBER OF VAPORIZATION 1 FROM A FINELY DIVIDED CARBON MATERIAL. THE VOLATILE PART OF THIS MATERIAL IS INTRODUCED INTO VAPORIZATION CHAMBER 1 FOR CRACKING AND REFORMING. C. REACTIVE COKE IS THUS PRODUCED AT THE SAME PACE AS IT IS CONSUMED FOR FUEL, AND WITHOUT FORMING SECONDARY PRODUCTS.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of a gas mainly

  consisting of CO and H 2 from a carbonaceous material, comprising the steps of vaporization and partial ccmustion of the finely divided carbon material, with subsequent carburization of the gaseous mixture thus obtained in a coke-laden furnace; it also concerns a device for the implementation

of this process.

  There are several different methods known in the prior art for the production of reducing gases and synthesis gas of the type

  mentioned, the different processes generally producing different

  internal proportions of CO and H2 in the gas. Moreover, the known methods are limited in terms of the reduction of

  CO2 and H2O levels in the gas produced.

  It is also known that a product gas can be subjected to a

  by passing this gas through a furnace charged with coke. Toute-

  However, a disadvantage of this known process is that coke thus enters for about 10% in the total amount of carbonaceous support consumed. In order to achieve efficient carburation at the desired low temperatures, it is necessary to have reactive coke. It is, of course, known that reactive coke can be produced at a low temperature in connection with the extraction of coal. The use of reactive coke has considerable advantages over that of commercially available coke; it emits neither smoke nor odor during its combustion and can be burned at low temperature, namely

about 600 0C.

  Due to the limited availability of reactive coke, it is now necessary to use commercial metallurgical coke, which is

  However, it is less reactive and, as a result, requires

  higher buration. This in turn implies that the carburizing reactions cease before the desired proportion of CO and H2 is reached. The object of the invention is to obtain a process for producing a gas mainly composed of CO and H2, from a material

  any starting carbon, regardless of its

  the volatile portion present in the Imatire car-

  it can be used and also transformed into CO and H2, and the physical heat present in the volatile portion and

  also partly in the coke that can be recycled in the process.

  It is also an object of the invention to produce a reactive coke for use in the complete carburizing process of the

gas produced in the process.

  It is also planned to propose a device to implement

  the process according to the invention.

  For this purpose, the invention provides a process characterized by carbonization of the starting carbonaceous material in pieces, in an oven, with an external energy supply and oxidant;

  the introduction of reactive coke produced in the carbonization furnace

  through a gastight airlock system in the carburizing furnace according to the needs due to the consumption of coke for use in the carburization of the gaseous mixture obtained after vaporization and partial combustion; introduction of the hot gas obtained by carbonization and comprising the volatile part of the carbonaceous starting material, in the vaporization step for the

  cracking and reforming of the components included, as well as the use of

  of its contained physical heat.

  Preferably, the CO2 and H2O content of the product gas is adjusted

  between 0 and 10% and so the content of CO and H2, between 100 and 90%.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, the carbonization of the initial carbonaceous material is carried out at a temperature of between 600 and 800 ° C. A very reactive coke is thus obtained and, as the coke is introduced directly into the carburizing furnace connected through a gastight airlock system, it is never

  "": ps at the o: vygene of! e.siphere for example.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the pieces

  of carbonaceous material are composed of anthracite,

  good bituminous, litter and / or peat.

  According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the

  production process taking place in the charcoal oven

  This is controlled by means of level probes placed in the carburizing furnace. Since the raw material used is any carbonaceous material such as peat, this allows a higher degree of coke consumption in the carburizing furnace if necessary, despite the use of reactive coke, for example to obtain a gas. composed virtually of 100% CO and 2 In the carbonization furnace there is carbonization and partial oxidation of the starting carbonaceous material, with addition

  simultaneous external energy and oxidant.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the oxidant is added in the form of a gas containing O 2, H 2 O and / or CO 2

2 2.

  The oxidant can be here totally or partially preheated before admission to the carbonization furnace, the hot product gas

  outgoing can be used for this purpose.

  According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the oxidant is introduced totally or partially through a combustion chamber containing a fuel or gas burner, before entering the carbonization furnace. If the burner is fed with gas, cooled and compressed product gas is used which will be able to heat exchange with the hot product gas before

enter the burner.

  According to still another embodiment of the invention, the coke produced in the carbonization furnace is cooled before leaving this furnace. This can be achieved by introducing a product gas

  cooled and compressed in the discharge chamber of the carbon furnace

  nleation. Cooling could also be done by cooling

draining the discharge tray.

  The coke thus becomes easier to handle in the gas-locked airlock, and moreover, the choice of the material of the airlock system becomes

less critical.

  The invention also proposes a device for implementing the method according to the invention described above; this device is constituted by a section of gas production with a chamber

  spraying equipment and a carburettor furnace as well as a

  gastight troduction for the pieces of the carbon carrier, and is characterized by a charring furnace connected to the carburizing furnace through the gas-tight introduction unit for the pieces of the carbon carrier, an introducer unit for the oxidant and energy, a discharge unit in the furnace bottom for the reactive coke produced as well as an upper inlet for

  coking oven gas produced by carbonization.

  According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention, it comprises a cooling gas supply unit arranged so as to open into the chamber of

  discharge of the charring furnace which also contains the

relief device.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a gas pipe from the gas outlet of the furnace of

  carbonization to the vaporization chamber. The volatile part

  The tile of the carbonaceous raw material is fed directly to the steam chamber for cracking and reforming. According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention, it comprises conduits for the supply of oxidizing carbonization furnace, comprising compression means and heat exchange means for the caloric exchange with the

gas produced hot.

  According to yet another embodiment of the device of the invention

  it contains a heating chamber in the duct

Oxidant feed.

  According to another embodiment of the device, a fuel burner

  or gas is arranged in the combustion chamber.

  Another embodiment of the invention is the device

  contains a pipe for the recirculation of the gas produced,

  taking a cooling unit followed by a compressor, and

  this pipe opens into the burner. Recirculation

  tion may further contain a heat exchanger for the heat exchange between the cooled and compressed product gas and the gas

  hot product, when this pipe also preferably contains

  a diversion unit so that the gas produced can

  participate freely in a partial or total heat exchange.

  The invention will be better understood a. using the following description-

opposite the attached drawing.

  The single figure represents a preferred embodiment of a

  plant for carrying out the process according to the invention.

  tion. The gas production section of the device comprises a vaporization unit with a chamber designated 1 for the vaporization and partial combustion of a finely divided carbon raw material, as well as a carburizing furnace designated by 2, filled with

coke 3.

  The vaporization chamber preferably has a cylindrical shape.

  only with walls 4.5. there may be several steam rooms

  connected to the carburizing furnace. One or more slag outlets 6 are provided for discharging the slag from the carburizing furnace and the vaporization chamber. The product gas is evacuated through the gas outlet 7 in the upper section of the furnace. Pieces of carbon support are introduced into the oven through a gas-tight lock system 8 opening into the top of the oven. The vaporization chamber 1 opens into the lower part of the furnace where the gas rises through the bed of coke and

exits through the gas outlet.

  At least one burner is connected to the vaporization chamber

  the version shown is constituted by a plasma generator 9.

  The plasma generator is connected to the vaporization chamber through the valve mechanism 10. The oxidant is introduced into the

  plasma generator through a supply line 11.

  The oxidant can be used as a carrier gas that is passed through the plasma generator or an independent carrier gas is used. The hot, turbulent gas produced in the plasma generator is fed into the vaporization chamber through the orifice 12 of the plasma generator. Carbon fuel, preferably

  in pulverulent form, is introduced through a feed pipe.

  13 in a concentric annular column 14 disposed in the orifice of the plasma generator and / or a lance 15, which can

  also be used for the supply of necessary additives.

  In the furnace, the lances 16, 17 are arranged for the supply of any other oxidant such as, for example, H 2 O, CO 2, for the use of excess physical heat in the gas. Thus, there is a

  ability to adjust the temperature and composition of the gas.

  In the vaporization chamber, near the point of introduction of the coke, is installed a first detection device 18, and in the gas outlet 7 of the oven, a second detection device 19, for measuring

  temperature and / or gas analysis; these two detection devices

  tion can control the process.

  3 ::: My hinge of -aporlzsat'on !, spears 20 are arranged

  the intrusion of slag forming agents.

  The device also comprises a carbonization furnace 21 with a feed unit 22 for the carbonaceous starting material in pieces 23. The oxidant and the external energy are supplied through a circulating conduit 24 with nozzles 25 , which open

in the oven.

  In the bottom of the furnace is disposed a discharge unit having the

  form of a turntable 26 with a pipe 27, which is directly

  kept connected to the gas-tight 8 airlock system for addition

  of coke in pieces in the carburizing furnace.

  Oxidant in the form of a gas containing O2, H2O and / or CO2 is introduced through a pipe 28 and a compressor 29, through

  the circular pipe 24 and the nozzles 25 in the carbon furnace

  tion. The oxidant can be preheated, partially or totally

  in a heat exchanger 30, using hot product gas through a pipe 31 which is directly connected to the outlet

of gas produced 32.

  External energy can be supplied by burning fuel or

gas.

  If fuel is used, the latter is burned in a burner 33 which opens towards the combustion chamber 34, the oxidant being supplied totally or partially through the combustion chamber, via a pipe 35. can be preheated here partially or

  completely in the heat exchanger 30.

  If gas is used for the supply of external energy, a portion of the product gas is withdrawn through line 36 and cooled in a cooling unit 37, after which the gas is compressed to the required pressure in a compressor 38 From there, the gas can pass through a heat exchanger 39 to be preheated totally or rarely, since the heat exchange is effected here between the cold product gas and the hot product gas exiting, which is supplied through a pipe 40. The gas thus produced is cooled,

  compressed and, if necessary, preheated, is then introduced

  to the burner 33 in the combustion chamber 34. The coke produced in the carburizing furnace can be cooled before it is exhausted from the furnace, to facilitate handling in the gastight lock device. This can be done according to one embodiment of the invention by introducing a partial stream of cooled and compressed product gas into the discharge chamber 41 of the carbonization furnace through a bypass line 42.

compressor 38.

  The coking oven gas produced by carbonization is fed

  to an outlet 43 at the top of the furnace, through a pipe 44, in the vaporization chamber 1. The temperature of the gas is between 500 and 700 ° C and the gas contains the volatile portion of the carbonaceous starting material. Thus, the energy is used at the same time that the gas components can be directly cracked and

  reformed in the vapoid chamber.

  Thus, according to the invention, the reactive coke for carburization

  is obtained in the required quantity at the same time as the secondary products

  reactive coke production is transformed into valuable gas.

  risable. Generally, the finely divided carbon carrier introduced into the vaporization chamber is about 85%, the recycled coke oven gas constitutes about 5% and the reactive coke in the

  carburizing furnace constitutes about 10% of the gas produced.

  The product gas also generally contains about 20% H2 and% CO, but these proportions can be modified using

  for example water vapor as an oxidant in the combustion chamber

bustion.

Claims (21)

  A process for producing a gas composed mainly of CO and H2 from a starting carbonaceous material, comprising the steps of vaporization and partial combustion of the finely divided starting carbonaceous material, with subsequent carburization of the gaseous mixture obtained in a coke-laden furnace, characterized by carbonizing the starting carbonaceous material in pieces, in an oven, with an external energy supply and an oxidant; the introduction of reactive coke produced in the carbonization furnace, through a gas-tight lock system, into the carburizing furnace according to the needs due to the consumption of coke for the use of the gaseous mixture obtained after spraying with carburization and partial combustion; introduction of the hot gas obtained by carbonization and comprising the volatile part of the carbonaceous starting material, in the vaporization step for   cracking and reforming of the included components, as well as the use of   the use of its contained physical heat.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of CO2 and H2O in the product gas is adjusted between O and   % and that the CO and H2 content is adjusted between 100 and 90%.   * 2 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonization of the starting carbonaceous material is carried out at a temperature of temperature of 600 to 800oC.   4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the   starting carbonaceous material consists of pieces of anthrax-   cited, bitumen containing coal, lignite and / or peat briquettes.   5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is controlled in the carbonization step by means of probes   level in the carburizing furnace.   6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that 2575-488 - 10 -   oxidant is introduced, in the form of a gas constituted by O2, 2 2 '   H20 and / or CO 21 in the carbonization furnace.   7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the oxidant is partially or completely heated by heat exchange with the hot product gas.   8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized   in that the oxidant is partially or completely conducted through a combustion chamber containing a fuel burner or   gas, before being introduced into the carbonization furnace.   9. Process according to claim 8, characterized in that a gas   cooled and compressed product is used as gas in the burner.   10. Process according to claim 9, characterized in that a heat exchange is carried out between the cooled product gas and   compressed and hot product gas before entering the burner.   11. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the coke produced in the carbonization furnace is cooled before being removed from the oven.   12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that a cou-   cooled and compressed partial fraction of the gas produced in the furnace   carburation is used for cooling the coke.   13. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the coke is cooled by water cooling of the coke discharge unit. 14. Apparatus for producing a gas consisting mainly of CO and H2, from a carbonaceous starting material, with vaporization and partial combustion of the finely divided carbonaceous starting material, with subsequent carburization of the gaseous mixture obtained in a furnace coke-loaded article according to claim 1, comprising a X = 57,588   The gas production unit with a vaporization chamber   GUNE venethe gas-tight introduction for mortalities   carbon support rings, characterized by a carbonization furnace (21) connected to the carburizing furnace (2) through the gas-tight introduction unit 81 for the carbonaceous support pieces, an introducer unit (24); , 25) for the oxidant and the energy, a discharge unit (26) at the bottom of the oven for the reactive coke produced, and an upper outlet (43) for the oven gas coking produced by carbonization.   15. Device according to claim 14, characterized by a   cooling gas outlet (26,42) arranged to open into the discharge chamber (41), comprising the discharge unit (26) of the carbonization furnace   Device according to Claim 14, characterized by a   gas pipe (44) connecting the gas outlet (43) of the carbonization furnace   to the steam chamber (1).   17. Device according to claim 14, characterized by the con-   oxidizing feed (28, 35) for the carbonization furnace, comprising compression means (29) and exchange means   caloric (30) for heat exchange with hot product gas.   18. Device according to claim 17, characterized by a combustion chamber (34) located in the pipe (35) for feeding oxidizing.   19. Device according to claim 17, characterized by a shredder   (33) fuel or gas disposed in the combustion chamber (34).   20. Device according to claim 18, characterized by a driving   (36) for the recycling of the product gas containing a cooling unit   (37) and a compressor (38) coming from behind, this pipe opening into the burner (33). 2575-488 1- 2 -   21. Disenzsitif according to claim 20, characterized in that recycle cornduite (36) comprises a heat exchanger (39) for the; caloric change with the hot product gas, as well as   bypass line (36a) after the caloriaae exchanger (39).