Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/80—Ground anchors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of anchoring or building foundations for any device such as for example a building element, an element retained by a cable or a pulley or even for a mechanical device such as a winch or else finally for a platform or an access road, all these elements being intended to be fitted out in a wooded environment.
• one or more strains of trees already felled suitably chosen for their provisions relating to and in relation to the nature of the element, for example of construction, the anchoring and the foundation from which they are intended.
• the upper face of the stump that is to say in fact the plane according to which the tree has been cut, undergoes a rough dressing, which can be carried out in a horizontal plane or in an inclined plane in the case where the nature of the forces to which the strain will be subjected is compatible with such an inclined arrangement.
• a carrier or retaining element made in principle of steel and which is secured to the stump for example using lag bolts passing through always suitable, sparing in the base of said element.
• the base of the carrier or retaining element is constituted by a base plate which has the said fixing openings intended to be crossed by the lag bolts.
• the base plate is integral with a plurality of metal plates whose planes converge in the direction of a short mast element whose axis substantially coincides with the edges of the dihedrons formed by said plates to which they are joined for example by welding according to one of its generator.
• These converging plates are preferably in the shape of a right triangle, the two sides of the right angle of which are thus welded respectively to the base plate and to the mast.
• the latter carries at its end connecting members capable of coming into engagement with the elements to be supported or retained, this action possibly being carried out by means of organs interposed such as cables, uprights or beams, one of the ends of which engages said connecting members.
• the supporting or retaining members and may consist of simple openings made in the converging plates which may, in the latter case, be directly connected to each other by welding without it there should be a mast element to ensure this junction.
• the carrier element is more particularly intended to support a device of significant weight such as a residential construction for example
• a certain number of stumps are chosen so as to be distributed in a suitable manner under the element of construction to be supported and each of them is preferably erected in a horizontal plane in order to avoid the tendency to lateral sliding which could result from fixing on stumps with inclined upper face.
• the horizontal planes in which the upper faces of each strain are drawn up can be any, that is to say not confused, the horizontality of the lower face of the construction element then being ensured by the choice of masts or supports of different lengths; these masts or supports can optionally be designed in an adjustable length.
• the cutting plane will be at a level where the grain of the wood is regular and or the installation of funds will cause a tendency to the formation of longitudinal slits according to the grain of the wood.
• the anchoring device which has just been defined is particularly suitable for mooring aircraft likely to remain in hovering flight such as helicopters or airships to which the it is sometimes used to transport loads or evacuate tree trunks in mountainous sites of difficult access.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective of a tree stump to which a carrier element is subjected or restraint according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is an elevational view with partial cutaway and sectional view of a carrier or retaining element similar to that of Figure 1, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of two opposite converging plates
• Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a variant
• Figure 4 is a partial view shown in another position, of the variant of Figure 3
• Figure 5 is a view of another variant in which the carrier element is secured on a stump erected in a horizontal plane and supports a construction element shown with cutaway
• Figures 6 and 7 are views respectively in perspective and by the right side edge, of an inclined panel intended to support solar collectors of electrical energy , the terrain being represented diagrammatically in section, substantially at the level of said lateral edge
• FIG. 1 is a perspective of a tree stump to which a carrier element is subjected or restraint according to the invention.
• Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1
• FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing the construction of a horizon platform tale on a slope
• Figure 9 is a schematic and simplified perspective of a device similar to that of Figure 8
• Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another variant and Figure 11, also a view of another variant of FIG. 1, relating to a holding element intended for mooring an aircraft.
• FIG. 10 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another variant and Figure 11, also a view of another variant of FIG. 1, relating to a holding element intended for mooring an aircraft.
• each of the plates 4 to 7 is in the form of a triangle.
• the base plate 2 has a plurality of openings 3a suitably distributed, each crossed by a lag screw 3 of which only the hexagonal head is visible in FIG. 1, one of the lag screws not having been shown so to allow a better representation of one of the openings (3a).
• the strain S1 was prior to the installation of the lag screws (3), subjected to a treatment by injection of an anti-fungal and / or insecticidal product (such as example using the product known commercially under the name of "Xylophene" and / or a plastic in the liquid state capable of invading the mass of the strain proper and its roots.
• an anti-fungal and / or insecticidal product such as example using the product known commercially under the name of "Xylophene" and / or a plastic in the liquid state capable of invading the mass of the strain proper and its roots.
• the mast 9 can carry, in any suitable way and in particular as will be illustrated in the following figures, all constructive, support or retaining elements adapted to the requirements of the methods according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 highlights in particular the ability of such an element to oppose, by its lag screws 12 passing through the openings 12a of the base plate 11 in contact with the upper face 10 of the strain S2, with any tilting in one direction or the other, under the stress, for example, of the traction exerted on a cable 17 which comes into engagement with the hook 16b of a turnbuckle 16 which crosses a loop or eye formed at the end of said cable, the other hook 16a of the turnbuckle being engaged in one of the openings 15.
• FIG 2 there is a tie rod 20 formed by a metal strip having an aperture such as 22a at each of its ends; one of these openings is crossed by a bolt 21, which, in cooperation with a suitable nut not visible in the figure, achieves the fixing of this strip on the support while after having produced a twist of the strip of a amplitude of approximately 90 ° at 20a, the aperture 22a at the other end is crossed by a lag screw 22 screwed into the lateral face of the strain S2.
• the installation of lag screws such as 22 which can, obviously, have a length greater than that suggested by FIG. 2, may be optionally provided in addition large number and / or provided for each of the converging plates such as 13, 14, makes it possible to achieve an extremely effective fixing of the support, in particular when the latter has to withstand efforts of transverse direction relative to that of the edges of the dihedrons formed by the converging plates.
• the plates 13 and 14 are assumed to be substantially in the same plane; it thus appears that, for reasons of simplification of the drawing, we have omitted to represent the plate which is normally located substantially in the bisector plane of the two plates 13 and 14, such as the plate 5 relative to the plates 4 and 6 in Figure 1.
• the short metering element 18 which has been shown in FIG. 2 could be omitted for the purpose of economy of manufacture.
• the mast element 18 shown in Figure 2 illustrates another possibility of use.
• this mast is constituted by a metal tube welded to the vertical edges of the converging plates and which constitutes, by its upper part, a female ferrule intended to receive a male ferrule 19a formed at the lower end part of a mast 19, of any length, which abuts, by its lower end edge, against the upper end edge of the element 18.
• the mast element 19 can be used for a wide variety of purposes; in particular, it can act as a support pillar for any supported element, with which it engages by its upper end; it may also receive, in a known manner, clamps for tubular scaffolding such as the collar 35 of FIG. 3 which holds the tubular beam 34.
• the mast element 18 can also, as in the context of the support variant 101, shown in FIG. 11, carry at its upper end a lashing eye 100, for example screws in its upper part suitably internally threaded with clamping a locking nut 100a.
• This embodiment is particularly suitable for retaining a cable 103 the end of which forms a loop 102 engaged in said eye and which is more particularly intended to withstand tensile forces of substantially vertical direction such as for example the forces resulting the mooring, by the other end of the cable 103, of an aircraft such as an airship or a helicopter which is to remain temporarily in hover over the stump area to, for example, deposit or remove a load.
• the end of the mast 28 is threaded, in a manner which has not been shown, and receives, by screwing, a ring 29 having an upper edge 29a of smaller section arranged, so as to retain the foot 30 of a ball joint 31 which cooperates with a ball joint cage 32 correspondingly shaped, arranged at the lower end of a mast element 33 which can wear any device necessary for the construction of a support carcass including a tubular element 34, fixed to the mast 33 by a collar system 35, only shown.
• FIG. 4 highlights the case where the cut made on the strain S4 has determined a very inclined upper face 41.
• FIG. 5 illustrates the case where a carrier element P5 is intended to support a large weight constituted by a construction element designated in its embarrassment by 58 which has been represented with the cut-outs and reconciliations 59. To avoid any risk of slipping the base plate 51 on the upper face 50 of the strain S5, the said upper face has been drawn up in a horizontal plane.
• FIGS. 6 and 7 very schematically show the arrangement, in the middle of a wooded site, of an inclined panel 63 intended to support photoelectric sensors of solar energy which have not been shown. It can be seen that, in order to fix the panel 63 using the beams 61 carried by the bearing elements 62, any of the different strains S6 to S14 has been chosen, the strains S6 to S11 thus, of course, that a certain number of other strains hidden by the panel 63 and which have not been represented.
• the stumps are of variable height above the ground and the panel 63 is fixed by adapting in each case, the length of the beams 61, for example in the manner which is briefly shown in FIG. 3.
• FIG 8 there is shown a schematic example of building a horizontal platform 80 on an inclined ground T which carries a number of stumps of different heights such as S15 to S18.
• Platform 80 is supported through of a number of carrying masts 81 connected together, in a manner well known in the field of tubular scaffolding, by the beams 82, 83, 84.
• the platform 80 can, in a manner which has not been shown, support either a winch for hoisting logs from the neighboring logging industry, or constitute a landing platform for transport helicopter, or still constitute the section of an access road built on the side of an inclined terrain, for example, in mountainous site.
• Figure 9 shows, in schematic perspective, a platform similar to Figure 8, a number of support elements such as vertical masts or connecting beams have only been shown for the sake of simplification of the drawing in which no figure reference has been made given its purely illustrative nature with respect to the device of FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a variant in which, on the upper face 90 of a supposedly upright stump, has been attached using lag screws such as 92, a base plate 91 which carries a tubular element 93 of section square in which the pillar 94 has been adjusted, of corresponding section.
• the pillar 94 could be used for example as a constructive element of a residential element, or even a simple awning.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9245333

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (3)

• 1980
  • 1980-08-21 FR FR8018307A patent/FR2488929A1/fr active Granted
• 1981
  • 1981-08-21 EP EP81401331A patent/EP0046714A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1981-08-21 WO PCT/FR1981/000106 patent/WO1982000673A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (3)

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