Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
  • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D407/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/62—Three oxygen atoms, e.g. ascorbic acid

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel nitrosourea derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof useful for their antitumor and anticoagulant activity.
• the invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of using them.
• MeCCNU has been found to possess the highest degree of activity against most tumor systems, especially solid tumor systems. Numerous studies have been directed toward the metabolic products produced in vivo and in vitro in aqueous media, which consist mainly of 2-chloroethanol, vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde, and dichloroethane from the nitr ⁇ sated side of the molecule. (T. P . Johnston et al, J. Med. Chem., 18: 634 (1975)). It is also known that the N-nitr ⁇ so-N-alkyl ureido portion of the molecule alkylates DNA (de ⁇ xyribonucleic acid) in vivo and in vitro (Frei et al, Biochem. J., 174: 1031
• the structure of the active site of transglutaminase has been found to contain the pentapeptide sequence --Tyr-Gly- Gln-Cys-Trp - and has the shape of a pocket 5 x 5 Angstroms in dimension (Folk et al, J. Biol. Chem. , 241: 5253 (1960)).
• Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may be expected to have a somewhat similar active site structure.
• a superior inhibitor ⁇ f transglutaminase and related enzymes would have, in view of the shape and size indicated above, hydrophobic moieties directed away from, but in proximity to, the pocket at the active site.
• the substrate may have groups which aid hydrogen bonding to the active site tyrosine hydroxyl group.
• Other compounds designed previously by the inventor of the present application U.S. Patent Application S.N. 68,470 using this approach have been shown to be successful antitumor agents and anticoagulants.
• BCNU contains a chloro group which may hydrogen bond to the active-site tyrosine hydroxyl group
• CCNU and MeCCNU are known to be hydroxylated in the liver to derivatives which may contribute to its binding to the active site in a similar manner. This hydroxylation, however, lowers lipid solubility and hinders crossing ⁇ f the blood brain barrier.
• the mechanism of inhibition of the isocynate is via the alkyl thiocarbamate ester formation at the single sulfhydryl group at the active site of the enzyme (Gross et al, J . Biol. Chem., 250: 7693 (1975) ) :
• R represents an alkyl group
• nitrosourea derivatives release the following cycloalkyl isocyanates:
• R is a group capable ⁇ f hydrogen bonding to the active site tyrosyl group of the enzyme, preferably a halogen, carboxyl, or hydroxyl group, or a derivative thereof, and more preferably a chloro or hydroxyl group .
• the cycloalkyl ring may be further substituted with 1 or more preferably 1 or 2 alkyl groups, preferably methyl groups, or 1 or more preferably 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups.
• novel compounds which possess the structural criteria necessary to selectively inhibit transglutaminase and similar glutamyl cycle enzymes and therefore be of potential significance as antitumor as well as anticoagulant agents are defined by the
• n 4 to 7
• hai is chlorine or flourine
• R is a group capable of hydrogen bonding to the active site tyrosyl group of the enzyme, preferably a halogen, carboxyl, or hydroxyl group, or a derivative thereof, and more preferably a chloro or hydroxyl group.
• the resulting 5 to 8 carbon ring may be substituted with one or more, preferably 1 or 2 lower alkyl groups, preferably methyl groups to enhance selectivity, or certain hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl groups, to enhance solubility, or other groups, which are widely described in the art.
• Yet another object of this invention is to provide novel nitrosourea derivatives which have anticoagulant activity.
• 1-Aminomethyl-1-cyclohexanol hydrochloride (16.6 g, 0.1 mol) was stirred with 13.9 ml (0.1 mol) of triethylamine in 75 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether and cooled to less than 5o.
• 2-Chloroethyl isocyanate (10.5 g, 0.1 mol) was dissolved in 25 ml of ether and added in small portions with stirring while maintaining a temperature of less than 5o. After 2 hr.
• reaction mixture was filtered and the residue was washed with two 20 ml portions of ether and suspended in 20 ml of water, filtered, resuspended in 20 ml of water, refiltered, and dried in vacua over CaCl 2 /KOH.
• the yield of the urea was 19.5 g (83%) as a white powder, MP 109-110°.
• Example 1 The above compound was made using, the procedure in Example 1 replacing the hydroxy-starting material with the corresponding chloro-compound. Yields were similar with approximately 35% of the isomer present.
• Other compounds according to the present invention such as methyl or hydroxyl substituted cycloalkyl derivatives may be synthesized according to the procedure described in Example 1 by using an appropriately substituted 1-aminomethyl-1-cycloalkanol hydrochloride which may be synthesized by known procedures.
• Antitumor screening data were obtained through the National Cancer Institute, Drug Evaluation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Screening data for MeCCNU was generated simultaneously for comparison purposes.
• L-1210 lymphoid leukemia tumors, (10 5 cells) were implanted in CDF 1 mice in accordance with NIH Protocols.
• the results reported in Table I are single dose responses with survival being evaluated 5 8ays after i.p. injection of Neostatin (six days after implantation) .
• the compound was inj ected as a suspension in 10% EtOH, 10% emulphor, and 80% saline. Log kill data indicates the number of tumor cells killed, and 30-day survivors are termed "cured" .
• the degree of antitumor activity is expressed as a ratio of treated animals over control animals using NCI test evaluation numbers , as specif iced on individual protocols .
• Table II contains comparison data for MeCCNU, the most potent agent against this tumor system in use at the present time.
• Table III compares the results obtained using a different tumor system (P-1534 leukemia). I.p. injections were made daily for 5 days. Survival was measured on day 5, and "cures" were determined 45 days after implantations.
• Neostatin was found to have activity paralleling that of MeCCNU in the L-1210 system with lower toxicity at high doses as measured in terms of weight loss. Since L-1210 leukemia responds well to a number of nitrosoureas, the additional, less responsive tumor system (P-1534) was employed for further testing. Using this system, Neostatin is seen to be far superior to MeCCNU at similar dose levels.
• nitrosoureas of the invention can be formulated into a form suitable for administration by methods well known in the art.
• they can be admixed with pharmaceutical acceptable carriers or diluents such as ethanol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, tragacanth, gelatin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and the resulting mixture or solution may be processed by conventional procedures to pharmaceutical dosage unit forms such as capsules, tablets, powders, pills, ampoules, suppositories and the like.
• Neostatin may be administered orally or parenterally.
• the drug may be given intravenously by first dissolving the compound to be administered in 0.5-10 ml of ethanol and adding 50-90% water thereto. Further dilution may be made with physiological saline solution or 5% dextrose (USP) , resulting in a solution slightly acidic in pH. Intravenous administration may be continued for a period of up to about two hours.
• the nitrosoureas may be administered parenterally or orally at dosages of about 0.5-3 mg/kg.
• parenteral routes of administration may be accomplished using any formulation known in the art that allows for the emulsification, dissolution and suspension of relatively water-insoluble drugs or other compounds prior to parenteral administration.
• Neostatin When given in unit dosage forms orally, compounds such as Neostatin are active when provided in a gelatin capsule or tablet combined with pharmaceutically acceptable binders, fillers or other additives as known in the art.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

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• 1981
  • 1981-08-14 WO PCT/US1981/001089 patent/WO1982000642A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1981-08-14 JP JP56502797A patent/JPS57501580A/ja active Pending
  • 1981-08-14 EP EP19810902235 patent/EP0057700A4/de not_active Ceased
  • 1981-08-14 HU HU813004A patent/HU185969B/hu unknown
  • 1981-08-14 EP EP19810902234 patent/EP0057699A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1981-08-14 WO PCT/US1981/001088 patent/WO1982000644A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1981-08-14 JP JP50279881A patent/JPS57501581A/ja active Pending
• 1982
  • 1982-04-14 DK DK167182A patent/DK167182A/da active IP Right Grant
  • 1982-04-14 NO NO821221A patent/NO821221L/no unknown
  • 1982-04-14 DK DK167282A patent/DK167282A/da active IP Right Grant
  • 1982-04-14 NO NO821220A patent/NO821220L/no unknown

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