WO1981003562A1 - Debit card system - Google Patents

Debit card system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1981003562A1
WO1981003562A1 PCT/GB1981/000098 GB8100098W WO8103562A1 WO 1981003562 A1 WO1981003562 A1 WO 1981003562A1 GB 8100098 W GB8100098 W GB 8100098W WO 8103562 A1 WO8103562 A1 WO 8103562A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card
machine
value
unit
recorded
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1981/000098
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
K Payne
A Payne
W Story
Original Assignee
K Payne
A Payne
W Story
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by K Payne, A Payne, W Story filed Critical K Payne
Priority to AU71747/81A priority Critical patent/AU7174781A/en
Publication of WO1981003562A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981003562A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/02—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by keys or other credit registering devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/343—Cards including a counter
    • G06Q20/3433—Cards including a counter the counter having monetary units

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a debit card system wherein the holder of the card applies his card to a machine which reads the card and delivers the user a product or renders him a service, whilst debiting a unit of value from the card.
  • the card holder will have purchased his card (or cards) in advance and thereafter is able to use it to obtain the goods or services concerned.
  • the card is more properly termed a debit card (rather than a credit card) because of the payment in advance and subsequent debiting from the card (as opposed to the obtaining of goods or services on credit and the payment at later date) .
  • the reading machine may control a vending machine dispensing food or drink or petrol, or dispensing travel tickets for train or bus travel, or a machine providing entry to a car park, a car wash, a toll bridge etc, or it may comprise an electricity meter or a meter supplying other public utilities.
  • a debit card system comprising a machine for receiving a holder's debit card, said machine comprising means for responding to a unit of value recorded on the card and for debiting that unit of value from the card, characterised in that said responding and debiting means comprises means for reading the card and validly recognising a recorded unit of value and immediately thereupon effecting at least partial erasure of that record from the card.
  • the card may carry a plurality of units of value recorded in magnetic form.
  • the machine may include means for marking the card to provide the holder with a visible representation of the debited unit: this may comprise a punch which indents the card without severing even any small part from the card. This provides a simple means of marking and avoids the need to remove from the machine parts severed from successive cards.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a debit card for use in the system.
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of a machine for receiving and responding to the debit card.
  • the debit card is generally of the same size as a standard credit card and is formed with a magnetic strip 1, provided in the example shown on its face side. Lengthwise of the magnetic strip, the card is printed or otherwise marked with indicia 2 indicating a plurality of units of value, 20 units in the example shown. Alongside each such index mark, the magnetic strip is encoded with a unit of value, and the same encoding is reproduced identically alongside each and every index mark.
  • Each magnetic encoding comprises 8, for example, clock pulses regularly spaced lengthwise of the magnetic strip. Then up to 8 code pulses are provided, each l80o prior to a respective clock pulse: the precise number, positions and combination of code pulses provides a code rendering the card acceptable only by machines programmed to respond to that particular code.
  • the machine comprises a front wall 10 formed with a slot 11 to receive a card 9. Behind this front wall, a pair of channel members 12 (one only visible in the drawing) are disposed at opposite ends of the slot, face each other and extend towards the back of the machine. Thus, as the card is passed faceup into the slot 11 (in the direction of the arrows shown in Figure 1 as marked on the card), its opposite edges are received in the respective channel members to guide the card.
  • a photodetector 13 responds, when the leading edge of the card masks the photodetector from a light source 14, to activate electrical control circuitry to start an electric motor 15, the output spindle of which drives a wheel l6 carrying (on a common shaft) a pinch wheel 17.
  • a magnetic read/erasure head 18 co-operates with the pinch wheel 17 and the latter serves to drive the card forwards into the machine.
  • the head 18 reads the first magnetic encoding to pass.
  • Electronic control circuitry checks for the regular clock pulses in the correct positions, and also reads the code pulses and compares the corresponding code with the code by which the machine is programmed. As soon as the head has read the final clock pulse to pass, in the first magnetic encoding, it is able to compare the code with the programmed code and approve it to recognise the unit of value.
  • the electronic control circuitry applies an erasure pulse to the read head (comprising a single read-erase winding) which has the effect of erasing, from the first magnetic encoding on the card, at least the final clock pulse and preferably two or more clock pulses and one or more of the digital code pulses.
  • the control circuit provides an output signal to dispense the product or deliver the service for which the machine is designed.
  • a solenoid 19 is energised to drive a punch 20 downwards against the bias of a spring 21: punch 20 extends through a hole in one side of channel member 12 and, upon actuation in this manner, its bottom end indents the plastic card at a position I (see Figure 1) alongside the respective index marking.
  • the electric motor is energised in the reverse sense to eject the card from the machine. Should the first magnetic encoding not be validly recognised (through the absence of one or more clock pulses or because the incorporated code does not match with that prescribed for the machine), then the motor will continue (without stopping) to drive the card so that the next magnetic encoding is read, and so on. If the card is driven in this manner until all of its magnetic encodings have been read (and none recognised), the card will abut a contact 22 at the back of the machine, or preferably passage of the trailing edge of the card will be detected by photodetector 13, for the electrical control to reverse the motor and eject the card from the machine.
  • the card has been properly used once and the first unit of value debited (by erasure of its final clock pulse), then the next time the card is used it will be driven past that first unit and onto the second unit, which should then be recognised and responded to, and then similarly cancelled, and the card indented and ejected.
  • the indentations made by the punch provide a convenient visible means for the holder to see at a glance how many of his units of value have been debited.
  • the electrical control circuitry is further arranged that if the holder should grip his card and try to restrain it against being driven in by the motor, the motor will reverse after a few seconds time delay and eject the card.
  • a separate erase head may be provided to effect erasure, whether from the front side or from the back side of the card, but in any event the erase signal is applied immediately upon approval of the encoding which has just been read.
  • the machine comprises an electricity meter, arranged to respond to a unit of value recorded on a holder's card and provide a predetermined amount of electricity to the card holder's premises for each such unit of value (instead of the conventional arrangement requiring the insertion of a coin).
  • the cards would be purchased from the electricity authority and then used when required to obtain the supply of electricity.
  • the card might preferably carry a single unit of value which is then debxted upon use of the card in the meter and the meter may be arranged so as simply to require the card to be inserted to the correct position relative to the read and erase head or heads: the drive motor of Figure 2 would then be dispensed with.
  • the meter is preferably provided with a button or other switching device which is actuable to cause the meter to provide a further predetermined amount of electricity to the premises: in effect, the user will have thus obtained that amount of electricity on credit and the arrangement of the meter is such that balance is restored by use of one further card on the meter, and a second card will be required to obtain a further supply of electricity.
  • the effecting of at least partial erasure immediately upon reading and recognising a recorded unit of value leads to simplicity of the system, as the card can undergo no significant movement between the completion of the reading and the erasure and it is not necessary to incorporate a complex control to determine the location of the card where erasure is required (which would be the case if the erasure were effected at a later time). Moreover, the system is secure against the possibility of fraud because it is impossible to withdraw the card between the completion of reading and the immediately following erasure.

Abstract

A debit card system in which a machine receives a holder's card (9) and responds to a unit of value recorded (e.g. in magnetic form) on the card to supply goods or services under the control of the machine, and to debit that unit of value from the card. A reading head (18) reads the card and, immediately upon valid recognition of a recorded unit of value, effects at least partial erasure of that record from the card.

Description

DEBIT CARD SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a debit card system wherein the holder of the card applies his card to a machine which reads the card and delivers the user a product or renders him a service, whilst debiting a unit of value from the card. BACKGROUND
The card holder will have purchased his card (or cards) in advance and thereafter is able to use it to obtain the goods or services concerned. Thus the card is more properly termed a debit card (rather than a credit card) because of the payment in advance and subsequent debiting from the card (as opposed to the obtaining of goods or services on credit and the payment at later date) . By way of examples only, the reading machine may control a vending machine dispensing food or drink or petrol, or dispensing travel tickets for train or bus travel, or a machine providing entry to a car park, a car wash, a toll bridge etc, or it may comprise an electricity meter or a meter supplying other public utilities. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a debit card system comprising a machine for receiving a holder's debit card, said machine comprising means for responding to a unit of value recorded on the card and for debiting that unit of value from the card, characterised in that said responding and debiting means comprises means for reading the card and validly recognising a recorded unit of value and immediately thereupon effecting at least partial erasure of that record from the card.
Conveniently but not necessarily the card may carry a plurality of units of value recorded in magnetic form. Conveniently, the machine may include means for marking the card to provide the holder with a visible representation of the debited unit: this may comprise a punch which indents the card without severing even any small part from the card. This provides a simple means of marking and avoids the need to remove from the machine parts severed from successive cards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of this invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a debit card for use in the system; and
FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of a machine for receiving and responding to the debit card. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to Figure 1, the debit card is generally of the same size as a standard credit card and is formed with a magnetic strip 1, provided in the example shown on its face side. Lengthwise of the magnetic strip, the card is printed or otherwise marked with indicia 2 indicating a plurality of units of value, 20 units in the example shown. Alongside each such index mark, the magnetic strip is encoded with a unit of value, and the same encoding is reproduced identically alongside each and every index mark. Each magnetic encoding comprises 8, for example, clock pulses regularly spaced lengthwise of the magnetic strip. Then up to 8 code pulses are provided, each l80º prior to a respective clock pulse: the precise number, positions and combination of code pulses provides a code rendering the card acceptable only by machines programmed to respond to that particular code.
Referring to Figure 2, the machine comprises a front wall 10 formed with a slot 11 to receive a card 9. Behind this front wall, a pair of channel members 12 (one only visible in the drawing) are disposed at opposite ends of the slot, face each other and extend towards the back of the machine. Thus, as the card is passed faceup into the slot 11 (in the direction of the arrows shown in Figure 1 as marked on the card), its opposite edges are received in the respective channel members to guide the card. A photodetector 13 responds, when the leading edge of the card masks the photodetector from a light source 14, to activate electrical control circuitry to start an electric motor 15, the output spindle of which drives a wheel l6 carrying (on a common shaft) a pinch wheel 17. A magnetic read/erasure head 18 co-operates with the pinch wheel 17 and the latter serves to drive the card forwards into the machine.
As the card is driven forwards, the head 18 reads the first magnetic encoding to pass. Electronic control circuitry checks for the regular clock pulses in the correct positions, and also reads the code pulses and compares the corresponding code with the code by which the machine is programmed. As soon as the head has read the final clock pulse to pass, in the first magnetic encoding, it is able to compare the code with the programmed code and approve it to recognise the unit of value. If the first magnetic encoding is approved, then immediately the final clock pulse has been read, the electronic control circuitry applies an erasure pulse to the read head (comprising a single read-erase winding) which has the effect of erasing, from the first magnetic encoding on the card, at least the final clock pulse and preferably two or more clock pulses and one or more of the digital code pulses. In addition, the control circuit provides an output signal to dispense the product or deliver the service for which the machine is designed. Also, a solenoid 19 is energised to drive a punch 20 downwards against the bias of a spring 21: punch 20 extends through a hole in one side of channel member 12 and, upon actuation in this manner, its bottom end indents the plastic card at a position I (see Figure 1) alongside the respective index marking.
Immediately after this indenting, the electric motor is energised in the reverse sense to eject the card from the machine. Should the first magnetic encoding not be validly recognised (through the absence of one or more clock pulses or because the incorporated code does not match with that prescribed for the machine), then the motor will continue (without stopping) to drive the card so that the next magnetic encoding is read, and so on. If the card is driven in this manner until all of its magnetic encodings have been read (and none recognised), the card will abut a contact 22 at the back of the machine, or preferably passage of the trailing edge of the card will be detected by photodetector 13, for the electrical control to reverse the motor and eject the card from the machine. If the card has been properly used once and the first unit of value debited (by erasure of its final clock pulse), then the next time the card is used it will be driven past that first unit and onto the second unit, which should then be recognised and responded to, and then similarly cancelled, and the card indented and ejected.
The indentations made by the punch provide a convenient visible means for the holder to see at a glance how many of his units of value have been debited. The electrical control circuitry is further arranged that if the holder should grip his card and try to restrain it against being driven in by the motor, the motor will reverse after a few seconds time delay and eject the card. For erasure, a separate erase head may be provided to effect erasure, whether from the front side or from the back side of the card, but in any event the erase signal is applied immediately upon approval of the encoding which has just been read. As mentioned previously, one example is for the machine to comprise an electricity meter, arranged to respond to a unit of value recorded on a holder's card and provide a predetermined amount of electricity to the card holder's premises for each such unit of value (instead of the conventional arrangement requiring the insertion of a coin). Thus, the cards would be purchased from the electricity authority and then used when required to obtain the supply of electricity. The card might preferably carry a single unit of value which is then debxted upon use of the card in the meter and the meter may be arranged so as simply to require the card to be inserted to the correct position relative to the read and erase head or heads: the drive motor of Figure 2 would then be dispensed with. As a safety or convenience measure, the meter is preferably provided with a button or other switching device which is actuable to cause the meter to provide a further predetermined amount of electricity to the premises: in effect, the user will have thus obtained that amount of electricity on credit and the arrangement of the meter is such that balance is restored by use of one further card on the meter, and a second card will be required to obtain a further supply of electricity.
The effecting of at least partial erasure immediately upon reading and recognising a recorded unit of value leads to simplicity of the system, as the card can undergo no significant movement between the completion of the reading and the erasure and it is not necessary to incorporate a complex control to determine the location of the card where erasure is required (which would be the case if the erasure were effected at a later time). Moreover, the system is secure against the possibility of fraud because it is impossible to withdraw the card between the completion of reading and the immediately following erasure.

Claims

1. A debit card system comprising a machine for receiving a holder's debit card, said machine comprising means for responding to a unit of value recorded on the card and for debiting that unit of value from the card, characterised in that said responding and debiting means comprises means (l8) for reading the card (9) and validly recognising a recorded unit of value and immediately thereupon effecting at least partial erasure of that record from the card.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which each card has a plurality of records thereon each representing a unit of value, the machine being arranged for the reading means to read these records in turn until the first intact record which it validly recognises.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, in which the machine comprises a drive means (15,16,17) for driving the card past the reading means.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3, in which the drive means is arranged to respond to the valid recognition of the card's record to effect reverse movement of the card.
5. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which the machine is arranged for manual insertion and removal of the card.
6. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the or each unit of value is recorded on the card is recorded in magnetic form.
7. A system as claimed in claim 6, in which the or each unit of value is represented by predetermined code pulses with which a train of clock pulses is associated.
8. A system as claimed in claim 7, in which the machine is arranged to erase at least the final one of the clock pulses of the validly recognised record, in order to effect said partial erasure.
9. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the machine includes means for recognising the code represented by the code pulses and enabling the supply of the goods or services concerned only upon recognition of this code.
10. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the machine comprises means (19,20,21) for marking the card, at the at least partial erasure, to provide a visible representation that the unit of value has been debited.
11. A system as claimed in claim 10, in which said marking means comprises a punch.
12. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the machine is a meter for supplying electricity or some other public utility.
13. A system as claimed in claim 12, in which the meter is provided with a switch operable to enable the supply of a predetermined amount of the utility on credit.
PCT/GB1981/000098 1980-06-03 1981-06-03 Debit card system WO1981003562A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU71747/81A AU7174781A (en) 1980-06-03 1981-06-03 Debit card system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8018114 1980-06-03
GB8018114 1980-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1981003562A1 true WO1981003562A1 (en) 1981-12-10

Family

ID=10513786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1981/000098 WO1981003562A1 (en) 1980-06-03 1981-06-03 Debit card system

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0052661A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1981003562A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985004969A1 (en) * 1984-04-18 1985-11-07 Gec Traffic Automation Limited Metering devices
EP0172584A2 (en) * 1981-12-14 1986-02-26 SKIDATA COMPUTER GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Control system with access card and cancelling apparatus
EP0294728A2 (en) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-14 URMET S.p.A. Costruzioni Elettro-Telefoniche Device and process for obliterating valued cards of the magnetic-support type
EP0372770A2 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux Card puncher and method of controlling the puncher
EP0452937A1 (en) * 1990-04-20 1991-10-23 Tokin Corporation Method for processing cards such as prepaid cards and card processing device therefor
US5061842A (en) * 1988-07-12 1991-10-29 Ampy Automation - Digilog Limited Erasure mechanism for card readers
EP0460606A2 (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Card reader-writer
EP0479290A2 (en) 1990-10-04 1992-04-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Österreich Apparatus for accounting current consumption
FR2716991A1 (en) * 1994-03-03 1995-09-08 Ennahdi El Idrissi Driss Parking fee collection and management for small organisations
WO2001037198A1 (en) * 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Siemens Metering Limited Card-marking devices

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US3530968A (en) * 1968-05-16 1970-09-29 Gen Electric Ticket handling and storage mechanism especially useful in automatic fare collection systems
US3578124A (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-05-11 Bunker Ramo Automatic fare collecting system
US3653480A (en) * 1968-10-14 1972-04-04 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Automatic vending system
US3754119A (en) * 1972-01-07 1973-08-21 E Scott Lunch ticket tabulating mechanism
FR2211149A5 (en) * 1972-12-19 1974-07-12 Dassault Electronique
FR2219729A5 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Crouzet Sa
FR2262353A1 (en) * 1974-02-23 1975-09-19 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh
FR2286565A1 (en) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-23 Selenia Ind Elettroniche Telephone connection for outgoing calls - has magnetic card with code or identification code and information on credit units
US4020325A (en) * 1975-04-02 1977-04-26 Service Distributors, Inc. Magnetic card substitute for coins for starting appliances and the like
CH587525A5 (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-05-13 Electronics Financial Ltd Magnetic credit card cancellation - with punched hole cancellation coding added to magnetic readout and coding
FR2330292A7 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Landis & Gyr Gmbh AUTOMATIC SERVICE DEVICE
CH599634A5 (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-05-31 Electronics Financial Ltd Progressive cancellation system for magnetically encoded credit cards

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3530968A (en) * 1968-05-16 1970-09-29 Gen Electric Ticket handling and storage mechanism especially useful in automatic fare collection systems
US3653480A (en) * 1968-10-14 1972-04-04 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Automatic vending system
US3578124A (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-05-11 Bunker Ramo Automatic fare collecting system
US3754119A (en) * 1972-01-07 1973-08-21 E Scott Lunch ticket tabulating mechanism
FR2211149A5 (en) * 1972-12-19 1974-07-12 Dassault Electronique
FR2219729A5 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Crouzet Sa
FR2262353A1 (en) * 1974-02-23 1975-09-19 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh
FR2286565A1 (en) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-23 Selenia Ind Elettroniche Telephone connection for outgoing calls - has magnetic card with code or identification code and information on credit units
US4020325A (en) * 1975-04-02 1977-04-26 Service Distributors, Inc. Magnetic card substitute for coins for starting appliances and the like
CH587525A5 (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-05-13 Electronics Financial Ltd Magnetic credit card cancellation - with punched hole cancellation coding added to magnetic readout and coding
FR2330292A7 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Landis & Gyr Gmbh AUTOMATIC SERVICE DEVICE
CH599634A5 (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-05-31 Electronics Financial Ltd Progressive cancellation system for magnetically encoded credit cards

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0172584A2 (en) * 1981-12-14 1986-02-26 SKIDATA COMPUTER GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Control system with access card and cancelling apparatus
EP0172584A3 (en) * 1981-12-14 1986-05-14 Ski-Data Computer-Handelsgesellschaft M.B.H. Apparatus for checking and cancelling access cards and access-card suited therefor
WO1985004969A1 (en) * 1984-04-18 1985-11-07 Gec Traffic Automation Limited Metering devices
EP0294728A2 (en) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-14 URMET S.p.A. Costruzioni Elettro-Telefoniche Device and process for obliterating valued cards of the magnetic-support type
EP0294728A3 (en) * 1987-06-09 1989-12-06 Urmet S.P.A. Costruzioni Elettro-Telefoniche Device and process for obliterating valued cards of the magnetic-support type
US5061842A (en) * 1988-07-12 1991-10-29 Ampy Automation - Digilog Limited Erasure mechanism for card readers
EP0372770A3 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-08-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux Card puncher and method of controlling the puncher
EP0372770A2 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux Card puncher and method of controlling the puncher
AU620172B2 (en) * 1988-11-29 1992-02-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux Card puncher and method of controlling the puncher
EP0452937A1 (en) * 1990-04-20 1991-10-23 Tokin Corporation Method for processing cards such as prepaid cards and card processing device therefor
EP0460606A2 (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Card reader-writer
EP0460606A3 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-12-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Card reader-writer
US5331144A (en) * 1990-06-07 1994-07-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Card reader-writer
EP0479290A2 (en) 1990-10-04 1992-04-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Österreich Apparatus for accounting current consumption
FR2716991A1 (en) * 1994-03-03 1995-09-08 Ennahdi El Idrissi Driss Parking fee collection and management for small organisations
WO2001037198A1 (en) * 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Siemens Metering Limited Card-marking devices

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