WO1981002276A1 - Safety device for tractor and trailer - Google Patents

Safety device for tractor and trailer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1981002276A1
WO1981002276A1 PCT/FR1981/000016 FR8100016W WO8102276A1 WO 1981002276 A1 WO1981002276 A1 WO 1981002276A1 FR 8100016 W FR8100016 W FR 8100016W WO 8102276 A1 WO8102276 A1 WO 8102276A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trailer
tractor
semi
roller
rail
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1981/000016
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
A Landriault
Original Assignee
A Landriault
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A Landriault filed Critical A Landriault
Publication of WO1981002276A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981002276A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
    • B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
    • B62D53/08—Fifth wheel traction couplings
    • B62D53/0871—Fifth wheel traction couplings with stabilising means, e.g. to prevent jack-knifing, pitching, rolling, buck jumping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety device for a tractor-truck and its semi-trailer, making it possible to prevent, during road accidents, that the tractor does not get across its direction, by describing an arc of circle around its attachment with the semi-trailer, which he brutally knocks against; the driver being the first victim.
  • the reason for this kind of accident can be understood as follows: when the driver instinctively kicks in to avoid a sudden obstacle, the tractor follows the new direction from his front.
  • the front attachment of the semi-trailer being articulated at the rear of the tractor, it is conceivable that the axes of the semi-trailer and the tractor form an angle and that upon braking there is a torque which force is that on the hitch pin and the lever arm, the distance between the axis of the semi-trailer and the impact of the outer wheel on the curve of the front axle of the tractor.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid all these disadvantages, while using better braking, because this can be done simultaneously on all of the wheels of the tractor and of its semi-trailer, while avoiding "wallet-up".
  • the means consists in shifting the axis of articulation of the fifth wheel coupling to the vertical axis of rotation of the front axle of the tractor, previously described, this whatever the effort at the articulation of the fifth wheel , so hear his direction. The couple is therefore zero.
  • the landing harness is fixed on a frame or box, surrounding the driver's cabin and connected the chassis of the tractor.
  • a circular rail is fixed over the entire width of the platform.
  • the radius of this rail has its center on the vertical axis of rotation of the front axle of the tractor.
  • the upper face of this rail is conical, the tip of the cone being at the center of the articulation and of rotation, of the fifth wheel.
  • the upper part of the rail cone has a circular shoulder.
  • the assembly is presented as a segment of 'inside bogue bearing called "conical", without shoulder to. the bottom part.
  • This rail The role of this rail is to support the front load of the semi-trailer by the rear wheels of the tractor and the upper shoulder of the rail cone to support the inertial forces towards the front of the semi-trailer when these brakes.
  • an inclined boom At the front of the semi-trailer is arranged an inclined boom whose lower side members are sufficiently spaced from the sides of the tractor, so that it can make a complete rotation when it is coupled. At the upper part of the boom is arranged, horizontally, a fifth wheel with its "hook".
  • this arrow depends on the shape and use of the semi-trailer; it may only be an extension of the platform spar or a frame assembly joining this of a tank, for example.
  • a conical roller In the axis of the semi-remoz-que, bearing on the lower beams of the boom, a conical roller is supported on the conical bearing flange of the circular rail of the tractor; the top of the cone of this roller being the same as that of the track of the rail, it is wax at the center of articulation and rotation of the fifth wheel coupling. There is therefore a perfect roll of the roller.
  • valves are controlled by actuated cylinders from the driver's dashboard with two positions “Road” and “City".
  • the "City” position corresponds to the clearing of the bumpers so that the tractor can make the necessary maneuvers to avoid obstacles from city traffic, or in the positioning of the semimark at its loading or unloading dock.
  • the rotation of the tractor around its "kingpin” can be total, it is understandable that Ies difficult maneuvers in reverse can be done more easily in forward, the driver with the semi-trailer opposite.
  • the present invention provides that the fifth wheel will only have to withstand the traction and vertical support forces of the boom of the semi-trailer during the maneuvers.
  • the roller and its rail will support, in normal operation, the. vertical load of the semi-trailer at the location of the roller so that this catge is celLe on the rear axle of the tractor; for this purpose, the roller will be pushed onto the rail by a hydraulic cylinder with pressure adjustable by pressure regulator, 1 pressure being adjusted when stopped to balance the load of the semi-trailer at the location of the roller.
  • the equipment of the high pressure pump supplying the cylinder may consist of a contactor-circuit breaker-accumulator as well as a corrector, the hydraulic vesin being itself equipped with a pneumatic block at the end opposite the roller.
  • the total stroke of the cylinder corresponds empirically to the fluctuations and unevenness of the roads of the road circuits.
  • An important variant of the invention would consist in using a double-acting cylinder which would allow the "City" position, to remove the cylinders controlling the buffers, by removing the roller from the rail. The buffers would then be fixed.
  • Another form of the invention would be had the path of the rail also have a shoulder at its lower part; the roller would circulate between two shoulders, the faces of these shoulders being slightly flared, as well as the bearing faces of the roller, to facilitate the installation of the roller under the thrust of the jack
  • several compression bars would connect this rail to the frame supporting the fifth wheel, which would allow this frame to be lightened to the maximum.
  • the rail connection on the chassis of the tractor as well as that of the harness being made by highly dimensioned silent-blocks. In this case, the compression bars would be connected directly to the harness, instead of the frame outside the cabin, the number of these bars being more than two.
  • the axis of the roller and the axis of the jack being arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the semi-trailer, the jack being fixed to members connected to the two lower beams of the boom of the semi-trailer, it is understood that the connection of members and side members should also be made with silent-blocks and that, on the other hand, the external parts of sliding of the jack must be protected by sleeves, such as an accordion.
  • Another feature of the invention relates to an excessive load on the front axle in the "City" position.
  • a feature of the invention would be to reduce the application costs to the tractor part, to move rearward and out of the driver's cabin, the frame supporting the fifth wheel, while being in line with the tractor; the axis of rotation of the fifth wheel would be offset behind the axis of rotation of the front axle, unless this axle is offset below the axis of the fifth wheel; the height of attachment of the fifth wheel allowing the semi-trailer boom to make a full rotation as previously described.
  • the front boom of the semi-trailer having a vertical clearance and the total stroke of the cylinder empirically determined, as said, the axis of the cylinder will in all cases be perpendicular to the axis of the conical or cylindrical roller; fixing the cylinder at mid-stroke so that at the end of travel, the boom beams cannot touch the rail, thus as the cylinder body, this fixing being made at mid-stroke, axis of the vertical cylinder.
  • Another form of the invention would consist of a roller having outside guide shoulders on the rail, which would lead to articulating the body of the jack so that the roller follows the rail during the beating of the boom of the semi-trailer. .
  • the vertical adjustment of the jack is always done halfway.
  • the device comprises, FIG. 1, a fifth wheel coupling 1 fixed to the chassis 2 of the tractor.
  • the plate At the front end of the arrow 3 is fixed the plate receiving the "kingpin" 4 whose axis is fixed vertical to the axis of the tractor and in the axis of arrow 3 of the semi-trailer.
  • the jack 5 being fixed to the boom of the semi-trailer, as described in a pneumatic-accumulator block 6 at its upper end.
  • the roller 7 with its axis forming a body with the lower part of the cylinder of the jack 8. This roller circulates on a curved rail 9 along a radius IO whose center is vertical to the axis of the "working dowel" 4.
  • the stops 11 are integral with the rail 9, limiting the travel of the arrow at the angle 12.
  • the rail 9 is strongly fixed to the chassis of the tractor, for example by angles 1 3 and gusset 14.
  • This safety system avoiding the lethal "wallet” of these tractors and semi-trailers during road accidents, also avoiding jolts causing drivers to compact vertebrae during start-ups and allowing simultaneous braking on all the tractor wheels and of its semi-trailer, is called for a global application which can be facilitated by standardization, from the start, of the dimensions and radii of the carrier rail on the tractor the attachment and the carrier jack with constant and adjustable load, which can be adapt to the many types of towing, simple platform, vans, tarp, public works, tank wagons even of dangerous and explosive products. Other particularly interesting applications of towing can be done, with this system, as required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The object of the invention is to eliminate the problem arising in road accidents of a tractor and its trailer, where often the tractor folds back violently against its trailer, which is often killing for the driver. Further, at each start, the driver is shaken vertically producing a settling down of the vertebra. The invention comprises an attaching saddle (1) fixed to the frame (2) as close as possible to the front axle. The front load of the trailer is supported by a jack (5) of which the roller (7) rotates on a curved rail (9) according to a radius starting from the center of the saddle. The liquid pressure of the jack is adjustable so that the saddle supports part of the front load of the trailer in order to eliminate the starting jolts.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE SECURITE POUR TRACTEUR ET SEMI-REMORQUE. SAFETY DEVICE FOR TRACTOR AND SEMI-TRAILER.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de sécurité pour tracteur-routier et sa semi-remorque, permettant d'éviter lors des accidents routiers, que le tracteur ne se mette en travers de sa direction, en décrivant un arc de cercle autour de son attache avec la semi- remorque, qu'il vient cogner brutalement; le conducteur en étant la première victime.The present invention relates to a safety device for a tractor-truck and its semi-trailer, making it possible to prevent, during road accidents, that the tractor does not get across its direction, by describing an arc of circle around its attachment with the semi-trailer, which he brutally knocks against; the driver being the first victim.
La raison de ce genre d'accident peut se comprendre de la façon suivante: lorsque le conducteur donne instinctivement un coup de volant pour éviter un obstacle subit, le tracteur suit la nouvelle direction par son avant. L'attache avant de la semi-remorque étant articulée à l'arrière du tracteur, il se conçoit que les axes de la semi-remorque et du tracteur forment un angle et qu'au freinage il se produit un couple de rotation dont l'effort est celui sur l'axe d'attache et le bras de levier , la distance entre l'axe de la semi-remorque et l'impact de la roue extérieure à la courbe de l'essieu avant du tracteur.The reason for this kind of accident can be understood as follows: when the driver instinctively kicks in to avoid a sudden obstacle, the tractor follows the new direction from his front. The front attachment of the semi-trailer being articulated at the rear of the tractor, it is conceivable that the axes of the semi-trailer and the tractor form an angle and that upon braking there is a torque which force is that on the hitch pin and the lever arm, the distance between the axis of the semi-trailer and the impact of the outer wheel on the curve of the front axle of the tractor.
Des systèmes de plus en plus sophistiqués ont été appliqués pour réduire au maximum l'effort précité du couple de rotation, mais les paramètres sont nombreux et variables dans le freinage de la semi-remorquê avant le freinage du tracteur. Ce sont le poids et la répartition de la charge, l'état des pneux et de la route, l'état fonctionnel des différents circuits de freinage et de leurs commandes et surtout le fait bien connu des conducteurs routiers, alors qu'ils ont bien en mains leur tracteur, qu'ils ne connaissent pas du tout l'état fonctionnel de la semi-remorque qu'ils viennent d'accrocher et qui change à chaque voyage, qui devient d'appréhension d'accident.More and more sophisticated systems have been applied to reduce the aforementioned torque effort as much as possible, but the parameters are numerous and variable in the braking of the semi-trailer before the braking of the tractor. These are the weight and the distribution of the load, the condition of the tires and the road, the functional state of the different braking circuits and their controls and above all the well-known fact of road drivers, although they have in hand their tractor, which they do not know at all the functional state of the semi-trailer which they have just hooked and which changes with each voyage, which becomes apprehensive of accident.
Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet d'éviter tous ces incon venients, tout en utilisant un meilleur freinage, parceque celui-ci peut se faire simultanément sur toutes les roues duvtracteur et de sa semiremorque, tout en évitant la"mise en portefeuille". le moyen consiste a deporter l'axe d'articulation de la sellete d'attelage jusqu'à l'axe vertical de rotation de l'essieu avant du tracteur, précédemment décrit, ceci quêlque soit l'effort à l'articulation de ie sellette , ainsi oue sa direction. Le couple est done nul.The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid all these disadvantages, while using better braking, because this can be done simultaneously on all of the wheels of the tractor and of its semi-trailer, while avoiding "wallet-up". the means consists in shifting the axis of articulation of the fifth wheel coupling to the vertical axis of rotation of the front axle of the tractor, previously described, this whatever the effort at the articulation of the fifth wheel , so hear his direction. The couple is therefore zero.
Afin de pouvoir exécuter les différentes manoeuvres de conduite de la semi-re orque , il se conçoit que l ' emplacement de ia sellètte étant dan s l ' axe vertical précité , ne peut se faire ou ' au dessus de la catine du conducteur ; à cet effet la sellette d ' atteiaçre est fixée sur une charp ente ou caisson , entourant la cabine du conducteur et reliée or- tement au châssis du tracteur. Un miroir judicieusement disposé, en avant et en dehors de la cabine, permettant au conducteur de bien sur veiller la mise en place de la cheville ouvrière avant. son verrouillage.In order to be able to execute the various driving maneuvers of the semi-orc, it is conceivable that the location of the seat being in the abovementioned vertical axis, cannot be done or above the catine of the driver; for this purpose the landing harness is fixed on a frame or box, surrounding the driver's cabin and connected the chassis of the tractor. A mirror judiciously arranged, in front of and outside the cabin, allowing the driver of course to take care of the installation of the front kingpin. its locking.
Il est important de signaler la sécurité que donne la charpente supportant la sellette d'attelage en préservant la cabine lors d'un basculement accidentel.It is important to note the safety provided by the frame supporting the fifth wheel while preserving the cabin during an accidental tilting.
Sur le plateau arrière du tracteur et au dessus du ou desoessieux des roues, est fixé un rail circulaire sur toute la largeur du plateau. Le rayon de ce rail a son centreεur l'axe vertical de rotation dé l'es sieu avant du tracteur. La face supérieur de ce rail est conique,la pointe du cône étant au centre de l'articulation et de rotation, de la sellette d'attelage. La partie supérieure du cône du rail comporte un épaulement circulaire. L'ensemble se présentant comme un segment de' ba gue intérieur de roulement dit "cônique", sans épaulement à. la partie inférieure.On the rear platform of the tractor and above the wheel base (s), a circular rail is fixed over the entire width of the platform. The radius of this rail has its center on the vertical axis of rotation of the front axle of the tractor. The upper face of this rail is conical, the tip of the cone being at the center of the articulation and of rotation, of the fifth wheel. The upper part of the rail cone has a circular shoulder. The assembly is presented as a segment of 'inside bogue bearing called "conical", without shoulder to. the bottom part.
Le rôle de ce rail est de faire supporter la charge avant de la semi-remorque par les roues arrières du tracteur et l'épaulement supérieur du cδne du railà supporter les efforts d'inertie vers l'avant, de la semi-remorque, lors ces freinages.The role of this rail is to support the front load of the semi-trailer by the rear wheels of the tractor and the upper shoulder of the rail cone to support the inertial forces towards the front of the semi-trailer when these brakes.
A l'avant de la semi-remorque est disposée une flèche inclinée dont les longerons inférieurs sont suffisamment, espacés des côtés du tracteur, pour que celui-ci puisse faire une rotation complète lorsqu'il est attelé. A la partie supérieure de la flèche est disposé, horizontalement, sellette avec sa "cheville ouvrière" d'accrochage.At the front of the semi-trailer is arranged an inclined boom whose lower side members are sufficiently spaced from the sides of the tractor, so that it can make a complete rotation when it is coupled. At the upper part of the boom is arranged, horizontally, a fifth wheel with its "hook".
La forme de cette flèche est fonction de la forre et utilisation de la semi-remorque; elle peut n'être que le prolongement des longeron de plateaux ou un ensemble de charpente venant se joindre à ce'lle d'un citerne, par exemple.The shape of this arrow depends on the shape and use of the semi-trailer; it may only be an extension of the platform spar or a frame assembly joining this of a tank, for example.
Dans l'axe de la semi-remoz-que, portant appui surv les longerons inférieurs de la flèche, un galet conique prend appui sur le cherin de roulement conique du rail-circulaire du tracteur; le sommet du cône de ce galet étant le même que celui du chemin de roulement du rail, c'est à cire au centre d'articulation et de rotation de la sellette d'attelage. Il y a donc un roulement parfait du galet. La direction des forces étant toujours perpendiculaire aux faces en contact, il se conçoit donc que, quelque soit la position du galet sur son chemin de roulement, l'effort qu'il reçoit de la semi-remorque passera à la verticale de rotation du train avant du tracteur, autrement dit qu'il ne pourra pas y avoir de "rise en portefeuille"lors des parcours sur routes, tant que le galet restera en contact avec le rail. L'amplitude de rotation de la semi-remorque par rapport au tracteur étant faible dans les virages routiers, il sera utile de limiter cette ro-tajtion en cas de fausse manoeuvre ou accident matériel. A cet effet, à chaque extrémité du rail est disposé un butoir dont la face d'appui avec le galet sera surélevée au dessus de l'axe du galet pour être efficace. Cesibutoirs étant commandés par des vérinsactionnée du tableau de bord du conducteur avec deux positions "Route" et "Ville". La position "Ville" correspondant à l'effacement des butoirs pour que le tracteur puisse faire des manoeuvres nécessaires pour éviter les obstacles de circulation urbaine, ou dans le positionnement de la semimorque à son quai de chargement ou de déchargement. La rotation du tracteur autour de sa "cheville ouvrière" pouvant être totale, il se conçoit que Ies manoeuvres difficiles en marche arrière pourront se faire plus aisément en marche avant, le conducteur ayant la semi-remorque en face. La présente invention prévoit que la sellette n'aura à supporter que les efforts de traction et d'appui vertical de la flèche de la semiremorque lors des manoeuvres.In the axis of the semi-remoz-que, bearing on the lower beams of the boom, a conical roller is supported on the conical bearing flange of the circular rail of the tractor; the top of the cone of this roller being the same as that of the track of the rail, it is wax at the center of articulation and rotation of the fifth wheel coupling. There is therefore a perfect roll of the roller. The direction of the forces being always perpendicular to the contacting surfaces, it is therefore conceivable that, whatever the position of the roller on its raceway, the force that it receives from the semi-trailer will pass in the vertical rotation of the train front of the tractor, in other words there will be no "rise in the portfolio" during road journeys, as long as the roller will remain in contact with the rail. The amplitude of rotation of the semi-trailer relative to the tractor being low in road bends, it will be useful to limit this ro-tajtion in the event of a false maneuver or material accident. For this purpose, at each end of the rail is disposed a stopper whose bearing face with the roller will be raised above the axis of the roller to be effective. These valves are controlled by actuated cylinders from the driver's dashboard with two positions "Road" and "City". The "City" position corresponds to the clearing of the bumpers so that the tractor can make the necessary maneuvers to avoid obstacles from city traffic, or in the positioning of the semimark at its loading or unloading dock. The rotation of the tractor around its "kingpin" can be total, it is understandable that Ies difficult maneuvers in reverse can be done more easily in forward, the driver with the semi-trailer opposite. The present invention provides that the fifth wheel will only have to withstand the traction and vertical support forces of the boom of the semi-trailer during the maneuvers.
D'autre part, le galet et son rail supporteront, en marche normale, la. charge verticale de la semi-remorque à l'endroit du galet pour que cett.e chatge soit celLe sur le train arrière du tracteur; à cet effet, le galet sera poussé sur le rail par un vérin hydraulique à pression réglable par mano-détendeur, 1 a pression étant ajustée à l'arrêt pour équilibrer la charge de la semi-remorque à l'endroit du galet.On the other hand, the roller and its rail will support, in normal operation, the. vertical load of the semi-trailer at the location of the roller so that this catge is celLe on the rear axle of the tractor; for this purpose, the roller will be pushed onto the rail by a hydraulic cylinder with pressure adjustable by pressure regulator, 1 pressure being adjusted when stopped to balance the load of the semi-trailer at the location of the roller.
L'équipement de la pompe haute pression alimentant le vérin pourra se composer d'un conjoncteur-disjoncteur-accumulateur ainsi que d'un correcteur, le véxin hydraulique étant lui-même équipé d'un bloc pneumatique à l'extrémité opposée au galet. La course totale du vérin correspendant empiriquement aux fluctuations et dénivellations des routes des circuits routiers . Une variante importante de l'invention consisterait à utiliser un vérin à double effet ce qui permettrait peur la position "Ville", de supprimer les vérins commandant les butoirs, en retirant le galet du rail Les butoirs seraient alors fixes.The equipment of the high pressure pump supplying the cylinder may consist of a contactor-circuit breaker-accumulator as well as a corrector, the hydraulic vesin being itself equipped with a pneumatic block at the end opposite the roller. The total stroke of the cylinder corresponds empirically to the fluctuations and unevenness of the roads of the road circuits. An important variant of the invention would consist in using a double-acting cylinder which would allow the "City" position, to remove the cylinders controlling the buffers, by removing the roller from the rail. The buffers would then be fixed.
Une autre forme de l'invention serait eue le chemin du rail ait aussi un épaulement à sa partie inférieure; le galet circulerait entre deux épaulements, les faces de ces épaulements étant légèrement évasés, ainsi que les faces d'appui du galet, pour faciliter la pose du galet sous la poussée du vérin Afin de mieux rigidifier la position du rail par rapport à l'axe de la "cheville ouvrière", plusieurs barres de compression relieraient ce rail à la charpente soutenant la sellette d'attelage, ce qui permettrait d'al léger cette charpente au maximum. La liaison rail sur le châssis du trac teur ainsi que celle de la sellette étant faite par des silent-blocs fortement dimentionnés. En ce cas, les barres de compression seraient reliées directement à la sellette, au lieu de la charpente hors cabine le nombre de ces barres étant supérieur à deux.Another form of the invention would be had the path of the rail also have a shoulder at its lower part; the roller would circulate between two shoulders, the faces of these shoulders being slightly flared, as well as the bearing faces of the roller, to facilitate the installation of the roller under the thrust of the jack In order to better stiffen the position of the rail relative to the axis of the "kingpin", several compression bars would connect this rail to the frame supporting the fifth wheel, which would allow this frame to be lightened to the maximum. The rail connection on the chassis of the tractor as well as that of the harness being made by highly dimensioned silent-blocks. In this case, the compression bars would be connected directly to the harness, instead of the frame outside the cabin, the number of these bars being more than two.
L'axe du galet et l'axe du vérin étant disposés dans un plan per pendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de la semi-remorque, le vérin étant fixé à des membrures reliées aux deux longerons inférieurs de la flèche de la semi-remorque, il se conçoit que la liaison membrures et longerons devrait également se faire avec des silent-blocs et que, d'autre part, les parties extérieures de couliεsement du vérin devront être protégées par des fourreaux, genre accordéon par exemple.The axis of the roller and the axis of the jack being arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the semi-trailer, the jack being fixed to members connected to the two lower beams of the boom of the semi-trailer, it is understood that the connection of members and side members should also be made with silent-blocks and that, on the other hand, the external parts of sliding of the jack must be protected by sleeves, such as an accordion.
Afin que, sur le plan mondial, il y ait interchangeabilité entre tracteurs et semi-remorques de diverses provenances, il sera établi une norme de cotation, par rapport à un plan horizontal de roulage de véhi cules, de la hauteur de positionnement de la cheville ouvrière, du positionnement et dimensions du chemin de roulement du rail par rapport à cette cheville, ainsi que du positionnement et dimensions du galet de roulement sur la flèche de la semi-remorque.So that, on a world level, there is interchangeability between tractors and semi-trailers of various origins, it will be established a standard of quotation, compared to a horizontal plan of rolling of vehicles, of the height of positioning of the ankle worker, the positioning and dimensions of the track on the rail with respect to this pin, as well as the positioning and dimensions of the running roller on the boom of the semi-trailer.
Il apparait qu'actuellement il suffirait de deux normes pour satisfaire l'interchangeabilité de tous les tracteurs et semi-remorques, puisqu'il n'existe que deux diamètres de chevilles ouvrières, 2 pouces et 3,5 pouces.It appears that currently two standards would suffice to satisfy the interchangeability of all tractors and semi-trailers, since there are only two diameters of working dowels, 2 inches and 3.5 inches.
Une autre particularité de l'invention concerne une trop forte charge sur l'essieu avant dans la position "Ville". La position "Route dégageant la charge sur la sellette, donc sur l'essieu avant, il est pensable qu'à chaque démarrage en forte charge, la cabine et son conducteur seront secoués verticalement, comme cela se produit actuellement provoque à la longue des tassements de vertèbres aux conducteurs circulant souvent dans les villes. Pour obvier à cet inconvénient il suffirait de régler, par expérience, la pression au mano détendeur du vérin pour qu'une partie de la charge appuie sur la sellette jusqu'à l'arrêt des secousses incriminées. La position "Ville"correspondrait à ce réglage, une troisième position "Rangement" correspondant à l'effacement du galet pour d'importants braquages.Another feature of the invention relates to an excessive load on the front axle in the "City" position. The position "Road releasing the load on the fifth wheel, so on the front axle, it is conceivable that each start with a heavy load, the cabin and its driver will be shaken vertically, as is currently the case. vertebrae on the conductors often circulating in the cities. To avoid this drawback it would be enough to adjust, by experience, the pressure with the pressure regulator of the jack so that part of the load presses on the harness until the jolts stop The "City" position would correspond to this setting, a third "Storage" position corresponding to the erasure of the roller for large deflections.
Une particularité de l'invention consisterait, pour réduire les frais d'application à la partie tracteur, de déplacer vers l'arrière et en dehors de la cabine du conducteur, la charpente soutenant la sellette d'attelage, tout en étant dans l'axe du tracteur; l'axe de rotation de la sellette se trouverait déportée en arrière de l'axe de rotation de l'essieu avant, à moins de déporter cet essieu sous l'axe de la sellette; la hauteur de fixation de la sellette permettant à la flèche de semi-remorque de faire une rotation complète ainsi que précédemment décrit.A feature of the invention would be to reduce the application costs to the tractor part, to move rearward and out of the driver's cabin, the frame supporting the fifth wheel, while being in line with the tractor; the axis of rotation of the fifth wheel would be offset behind the axis of rotation of the front axle, unless this axle is offset below the axis of the fifth wheel; the height of attachment of the fifth wheel allowing the semi-trailer boom to make a full rotation as previously described.
Il se conçoit que, dans cette solution de déport de l'axe de sellette d'attelage vers l'arrière de l'axe de rotation de l'essieu avant, il n'y aura pas d'effet "portefeuille" tant que l'axe longitudinal de la semi-remorque passera verticalement entre les impacts des roues de l'essieu avant.It is understandable that, in this solution of offset from the axis of the fifth wheel coupling towards the rear of the axis of rotation of the front axle, there will be no "portfolio" effect as long as the The longitudinal axis of the semi-trailer will pass vertically between the impacts of the wheels of the front axle.
Une autre solution consisterait à placer la sellette directement sur le châssis du tracteur, en arrière de la cabine; le chemin de Tournent du galet sur le rail pourrait être parallèle à la face d'appui de ce rail sur le châssis du tracteur, l'axe du galet conique étant toujours au centre de rotation et d'articulation de la sellette d'attelage. Cette simplification à l'extrême permettrait d'utiliser les tracteurs et semi-remorques actuels sans trop de modifications. La rotation complète du, tracteur autour de l'axe de sellette ne serait pas obtenue, car elle se limiterait environ au quart de tourde chaque côté de l'axe du tracteur, dans la poεition"Rangement" décrite. Les barres de compression n'ayant plus lieu d'exister.Another solution would be to place the harness directly on the tractor chassis, behind the cab; the turning path of the roller on the rail could be parallel to the bearing face of this rail on the tractor chassis, the axis of the conical roller being always at the center of rotation and articulation of the fifth wheel. This extreme simplification would allow current tractors and semi-trailers to be used without much modification. The complete rotation of the tractor around the fifth wheel axis would not be obtained, since it would be limited to about a quarter of a turn on each side of the tractor axis, in the "Storage" position described. Compression bars no longer need to exist.
Parcequ'elle est moins onéreuse, il est probable que cette dernière solution sera adoptée par les constructeurs de tracteurs et de semi-remorques, malgré l'augmentation éventuelle du nombre de manoeuvres dans la position "Rangement".C'est pourquoi cette solution sera la seule représentée dans le dessin auquel se réfère la description.Because it is less expensive, it is likely that this latter solution will be adopted by the manufacturers of tractors and semi-trailers, despite the possible increase in the number of operations in the "Storage" position. This is why this solution will be the only one shown in the drawing to which the description refers.
Une autre simplification consisterait à utiliser comme chemin de roulement un rail dit de "chemin de fer", courbé en arc de cercle dont l'axe du rayon serait à la verticale de l'axe de la "cheville ouvrière" Cette cheville supportant, comme actuellement, les efforts horizontaux dus à la traction et au freinage, le galet serait cylindrique et sans épaulement, avec un léger bombement en son centre.Another simplification would consist in using as a running track a rail called "railway", curved in an arc of a circle whose axis of the radius would be vertical to the axis of the "kingpin" This anchor supporting, as currently, the horizontal forces due to traction and braking, the roller would be cylindrical and without shoulder, with a slight bulge in its center.
La flèche avant de la semi-remorque ayant un débattement vertical et la course totale du vérin empiriquement déterminée, comme dit, l'axe du vérin sera dans touε les cas perpendiculaire à l'axe du galet conique ou cylindrique; la fixation du vérin à mi-course pour qu'en fin de débattement, les longerons de flèche ne puissent toucher le rail, ainsi que le corps du vérin, cette fixation étant faite à mi-course, axe du vérin vertical.The front boom of the semi-trailer having a vertical clearance and the total stroke of the cylinder empirically determined, as said, the axis of the cylinder will in all cases be perpendicular to the axis of the conical or cylindrical roller; fixing the cylinder at mid-stroke so that at the end of travel, the boom beams cannot touch the rail, thus as the cylinder body, this fixing being made at mid-stroke, axis of the vertical cylinder.
Une autre forme de l'invention consisterait en un galet ayant exté rieurement des épaulements de guidage sur rail, ce qui conduirait à ar ticuler le corps du vérin pour que le galet suive le rail lors des bat tements de la flèche de la semi-remorque. Le réglage à la verticale du vérin étant toujours fait à mi-course.Another form of the invention would consist of a roller having outside guide shoulders on the rail, which would lead to articulating the body of the jack so that the roller follows the rail during the beating of the boom of the semi-trailer. . The vertical adjustment of the jack is always done halfway.
Tel qu'il est représenté sur le dessin le dispositif comporte, fi gure 1, une sellette d'attelage 1 fixée au châssis 2 du tracteur. A l'extrémité avant de la flèche 3 est fixé le plateau recevant la "cheville ouvrière" 4 dont l'axe est fixé à la verticale de l'axe du tracteur et dans l'axe de la flèche 3 de la semi-remorque.As shown in the drawing, the device comprises, FIG. 1, a fifth wheel coupling 1 fixed to the chassis 2 of the tractor. At the front end of the arrow 3 is fixed the plate receiving the "kingpin" 4 whose axis is fixed vertical to the axis of the tractor and in the axis of arrow 3 of the semi-trailer.
Le vérin 5 étant fixé à la flèche de la semi-remorque, comne décrit un bloc pneumatique-accumulateur 6 à son extrémité supérieure.The jack 5 being fixed to the boom of the semi-trailer, as described in a pneumatic-accumulator block 6 at its upper end.
Le galet 7 à son axe faisant corps avec la partie inférieure du cylindre du vérin 8. Ce galet circule sur un rail courbé 9 suivant un rayon IO dont le centre est à la verticale de l'axe de la "cheville ouvri ère" 4.The roller 7 with its axis forming a body with the lower part of the cylinder of the jack 8. This roller circulates on a curved rail 9 along a radius IO whose center is vertical to the axis of the "working dowel" 4.
A chaque extrémité du rail, les butoirs 11 sont solidaires du rail 9, limitant la course de la flèche à l'angle 12 .At each end of the rail, the stops 11 are integral with the rail 9, limiting the travel of the arrow at the angle 12.
Le rail 9 est fortement fixé au châssis du tracteur, par exemple par cornières 1 3 et gousset 14 .The rail 9 is strongly fixed to the chassis of the tractor, for example by angles 1 3 and gusset 14.
Ce système de sécurité évitant la"mise en portefeuille" meurtrière ces tracteurs et semi-remorques lors des accidents routiers, évitant également les secousses occasionnant aux conducteurs des tassements de vertèbres, lors des démarrages et permettant un freinage simultané sur toutes les roues du tracteur et de sa semi-remorque, est appelé à une application mondiale qui pourra être facilitée par une standardisation, dés le départ, des dimensions et rayons du rail porteur sur le tracteur l'accrochage et le vérin porteur à charge constante et réglable, pouvant s'adapter aux nombreux types de remorquages, simple plateau, fourgons, savoyardes, travaux publics, citernes civerses même de produits dangereux et explosifs. D'autres applications particulièrement intéressantes de remorquages pouvant se faire, avec ce système, suivant les besoins. This safety system avoiding the lethal "wallet" of these tractors and semi-trailers during road accidents, also avoiding jolts causing drivers to compact vertebrae during start-ups and allowing simultaneous braking on all the tractor wheels and of its semi-trailer, is called for a global application which can be facilitated by standardization, from the start, of the dimensions and radii of the carrier rail on the tractor the attachment and the carrier jack with constant and adjustable load, which can be adapt to the many types of towing, simple platform, vans, tarp, public works, tank wagons even of dangerous and explosive products. Other particularly interesting applications of towing can be done, with this system, as required.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Système de sécurité pour tracteur routier et sa semi-remorque caractérisé par le fait que la sellette d'attelage 1 est située sur le châssis 2 au plus près de l'essieu avant, derrière la cabine conducteur. La charge avant de la semi-remorque étant supportée par un vérin 5 dont le galet 7 roule sur un rail cirdulaire 9 disposé au dessus de l'essieu arrière du tracteur routier.1 - Safety system for a tractor unit and its semi-trailer characterized in that the fifth wheel coupling 1 is located on the chassis 2 as close as possible to the front axle, behind the driver's cabin. The front load of the semi-trailer being supported by a jack 5 whose roller 7 rolls on a circular rail 9 disposed above the rear axle of the tractor unit.
2 - Système de sécurité suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé à ce que la sellette d'attelage est située dans l'axe de l'essieu avant, au dessus de la cabine conducteur.2 - Safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth wheel coupling is located in the axis of the front axle, above the driver's cabin.
3 - Système de sécurité suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression du liquide alimentant le vérin est réglable, pour qu'une partie de la charge avant appuie sur la sellette, évitant ainsi que le tracteur soit secoué à chaque départ. 3 - Safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the liquid supplying the actuator is adjustable, so that part of the front load presses on the harness, thus preventing the tractor from being shaken at each departure.
PCT/FR1981/000016 1980-02-11 1981-02-09 Safety device for tractor and trailer WO1981002276A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8002953A FR2475488A1 (en) 1980-02-11 1980-02-11 SAFETY DEVICE FOR ROAD TRACTOR AND ITS SEMI-TRAILER
FR8002953 1980-02-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1981002276A1 true WO1981002276A1 (en) 1981-08-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1981/000016 WO1981002276A1 (en) 1980-02-11 1981-02-09 Safety device for tractor and trailer

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FR (1) FR2475488A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1981002276A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984000936A1 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-15 Weight Distribution Ltd Weight transfer connecting arrangement for semi trailer-tractor combinations

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0106326D0 (en) * 2001-03-15 2001-05-02 Henderson Stephen C Improved articulated vehicle

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2470383A (en) * 1945-12-28 1949-05-17 Clifford M Wakeman Device for stabilizing trailers
FR1144416A (en) * 1956-03-19 1957-10-14 Tractor with single axle trailer
US3006660A (en) * 1957-11-29 1961-10-31 Merz Herbert Articulated vehicle
FR1534894A (en) * 1967-06-22 1968-08-02 Trailer hitching device for road tractors or public works, preventing skidding in all circumstances

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2470383A (en) * 1945-12-28 1949-05-17 Clifford M Wakeman Device for stabilizing trailers
FR1144416A (en) * 1956-03-19 1957-10-14 Tractor with single axle trailer
US3006660A (en) * 1957-11-29 1961-10-31 Merz Herbert Articulated vehicle
FR1534894A (en) * 1967-06-22 1968-08-02 Trailer hitching device for road tractors or public works, preventing skidding in all circumstances

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1984000936A1 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-15 Weight Distribution Ltd Weight transfer connecting arrangement for semi trailer-tractor combinations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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