Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
  • C09D5/021—Aerosols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
  • A01N25/06—Aerosols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols

Definitions

• This invention relates in general to aerosol prepara ⁇ tions and more particularly such preparations of water base character for providing a continuous unbroken film upon dispensing.
• the active ingredients are in the continuous phase by the nature of the present emulsion technology, these active ingredients are altered by the presence of water and/or emulsifiers and their performance is not what would be expected should suc have been applied in pure form or in solvent reduction.
• the active ingredients as applied are altered in appearanc from the pre***-emulsion state. For instance, active ingredi ents which have been transparent become pasty or creamy ; resultant applications have been disappointing. Exemplary of this would be to prepare a silicone emulsion wherein th silicone would be in the oil or continuous phase and attem to use this as a mold release.
• solvents are hydrocarbons, such as aromati aliphatics, chlorinateds, fluorinateds and the like, where in, in most instances, the propellant is generally soluble in such solvents and may be considered chemically as part the solvent/active mixture-
• the active ingredient such as an oil-based paint
• suitable solvent other than water a particularly, within a wide range of compatible organic solvents.
• WI carriers has involved inherent peril factors, as for example, aerosol paint is extremely flammable by reason of the incorporated solvent; and the majority of commercially used and available solvents have low threshold limit values that are intensified by the atomization process of the selected aerosol. Furthermore, most of these solvents have undesired ecological consequences in bringing about a further depletion of fossil fuel resources; as well as being un ⁇ economic in light of the continual rise in cost therefor. Additionally, these solvents consistently cause unpleasant and even obnoxious odors.
• an object of the present invention to provide an aerosol preparation which is water based and is productive of an uninterrupted, continuous film; which eliminates all of the various hazards associated with the dispensing of aerosolized ingredients carried in the requisite organic solvents or vehicles; and which obviates the use of an auxiliary solvent for the propellant.
• coating agents such as water-base paints, lubricants, sealants, mold release, protective coatings, waxes, and the like
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation of the type stated which is extremely effective in use; which has demonstrated a remarkable versatility in being adapted for accommodating a most extensive range of varied film-producing agents so as to be endowed with a unique neo-universality; and which preparation may be most economically produced and sold; and with the films developed thereby being tenacious, durable, and proof against rupture, scuffing or the like through the normal intended usage peculiar to the particular film.
• the present invention contemplates the development of an aerosol preparation which through its unusual character ⁇ istics is both physically and chemically distinct from the customary aerosol emulsions, as well as from the single phase solutions heretofore used for film formation by oil based paints and the like.
• the system of the present preparation does embody generally immiscible phases, one of which may be considered a water phase, the other a continuous phase, which phases are normally clearly defined, sharply distinct, and separated.
• the active ingredient for the purposes of this invention, is primarily in the "oil” or continuous phase, even if it is water soluble.
• the film controller and propellant are part of the continuous phase.
• the preparation will thus in its normal state be unho ogenized with the two phases being sharply separated.
• the preparation is to be utilized, immediately prior thereto the same is agitated and then substantially instantaneously dispensed, with the discharged material being a transitory mixture.
• the dispensed matter will present a continuous film upon the particular surface, uninterrupted by any type of lacunae, pores, or geometric formations so that a coating with desired thick ⁇ ness and being entirely continuous is developed.
• the present invention has been proved to be completely successful with water based paints, as well as numerous other film-produci ⁇ g agents.
• cocodiethanolamide from that class of chemicals which has been heretofore recognized as emulsifiers pos ⁇ sesses certain unexpected and surprising properties when used in a predetermined proportionality in the two phase system of the present invention.
• This particular cocodiet anolamide is an amber liquid having a congealing point of approximately 6°C. and with a specific gravity at 25%C. of .99.
• the free or unreacted fatty acid, as lauric, is 3% - 4% maximum and the pH of a 1% dispersion is between 8 and This compound is soluble in alcohols, glycols, ketones, esters, aromatic and aliphatic carbons, and chlorinated solvents, while also being dispersible in water at low con centrations of 1 to 2%. It is also soluble at higher con ⁇ centrations and with a 10% solution being quite viscous approximating a gel.
• cocodieth olamide as referred to and described herein shall be that form of the compound possessing the above-described physic and chemical characteristics.
• cocodiethanolam in an amount approximating 0.5% by weight of the system or preparation will react with the water phase and the contin ous phase when it is not in an emulsion to bring about wha is generally considered an unstable emulsion, that is, where- * - in the phases tend to separate, but are capable of being brought into relative stability by agitation, and upon spray ⁇ ing the phases separate and revert to their constituent components whereby the active ingredient does not produce a continuous film but one which is highly irregular and in ⁇ terrupted, typical of the results obtained to the present time when water based solvents are utilized in aerosol form.
• the proportionality of the cocodiethanolamide is increased as within the range of immediately above 0.5% to approximately 2.5% by weight, when the active ingredient is initially in an unemulsified condition, a resulting stable emulsion is developed and thus the cocodiethanolamide acts in the expected manner of an emulsifying agent so that upon dispensing of such a preparation containing such proportion ⁇ ality, a discontinuous broken film may be presented despite the fact that the emulsion is stable. In its generally normal state such emulsion gives a visual appearance of a homogenous, pasty character, consistent with its being considered stable.
• cocodiethanolamide as used in the aforesaid proportion with the active ingredients of the preparations of this in ⁇ vention, when such active ingredients are initially in an unemulsified condition, serves in its characteristic func- tion as an emulsifying agent.
• the preparation with the greater quantity of cocodiethanolamide has become a dispersion
• t is atypical of traditional technology having, as stated, t immiscibility of the two phases being sharply defined.
• the preparation herein wi be referred to as a "dispersion" to facilitate exposition.
• the agitation prior to dispensation merely promotes a mome tary intermixture so that upon discharge the dispersion characteristics control as distinguished from the emulsion characteristics which would be overriding if the cocodieth olamide was below 2.5%.
• a continuous film is promoted by the dispersion as distinguished from the discontinuous cha acter of the dispensing of an emulsion.
• the preferred effective range of cocodiethanolamide for aerosol preparat of the present invention is 2.5 to 3.5% by weight when the active ingredients are initially in an unemulsified state.
• additional amounts up to 10% by weight bring about no diminution in the char- acter and quality of the developed film.
• the applied coating develops an un ⁇ desirable thickness of a generally lumpy character so that beyond such limit a continuous, unbroken film is no longer achievable.
• this unusual and surprising action of this particular agent supports the view that the system is no longer an emulsion with all of the various accepted emulsion characteristics but becomes a dispersion, with the cocodiethanolamide manifestly ceasing to act as an emulsifying agent. Therefore, the crucialness of this agent to preparations formed in accordance with this disclosure is apparent. It will be fully understood that no other ⁇ compound has been found to possess the requisite properties despite extensive ban ⁇ gatory efforts.
• the intermediate or transitory unstable and stable states of emulsion also require respective critical energy levels. Accordingly, the present invention teaches that the specific cocodiethanolamide imparts certain characteristics to water and oil mixtures when used as described and in a quantity requisite to provide the necessary energy to exceed a stable emulsion state as such is determined in accordance with recognized technology. The extreme importance of this unique property is more fully understood when the cocodiethanol ⁇ amide is added to existing stable or unstable emulsions.
• the cocodiethanolamide With preparations comprising unstable emulsions, the cocodiethanolamide must be added in a quantity sufficient provide the necessary energy to render such emulsions stab and then to progress therebeyond to the unusual and unexpe ed dispersion state developed by the present invention.
• the emulsified conditions of such activ ingredients that is whether the same are in stable or un- stable state and to what degree, may be readily determined by well-known, widely practiced technology so that as the cocodiethanolamide is added to unstable emulsions one may determine when the point of stability has been reached and then proceed with further incorporation of cocodiethanolam to attain the dispersion with the resultant preparation having the predetermined-characteristics.
• cocodiethanolamide provides its uniq functions only after the particular emulsion has reached a state of stability.
• cocodiethanolamide with latex paints which comprehend pain which are stable emulsions as well as those which have var ing degrees of instability.
• the addition of cocodiethanol amide in an amount of no less than 0.5% to stable emulsion creates the necessary dispersion so that the particular paints are rendered amenable for aerosolization in conjunc ⁇ tion with the other prerequisites of the invention.
• Similar ⁇ ly, with paints which are in unstable emulsions the addition of sufficient cocodiethanolamide to render same stable plus at least 0.5% by weight thereabove adapt same to constitute an aerosol preparation which thus may be sprayed without foams, film rupture and the like and create a continuous un ⁇ broken coating or film upon the applied surface.
• silicone emulsions* which are useful in developing a hard surface polish.
• Such silicone emulsions are generally stable so that the mere addition of 0.5% by weight of cocodiethanolamide will alter the character of the stable emulsion from oil in water so that the oil is now in the continuous phase.
• Such addition will also change the emulsion to the dispersion for the present invention so that the resultant film presented upon application of the particular preparation will be trans ⁇ parent and not creamy like an emulsion indicating that phys ⁇ ical and chemical changes have occurred.
• the cocodiethanolamide may be added in an amount up to but not to exceed ⁇ o % and the increased amount will provide desired characteristics, such as, for instance, the degree of cohesiveness, and the particular
• Active ingredients peculiarly adapted for incorporati in aerosol preparations of the present invention may be wa insoluble and comprehend the active phase of water-base paints commonly referred to as latex paints, exemplary of which are acrylic emulsions, vinyl emulsions, vinyl copoly acetate emulsions, alkyd emulsions and polyurethane emulsi mold release and lubricating agents, as for instance, sili cones, namely the alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxa lecithin and other soya or animal fat derivatives; stearat telefluoromers, as Teflon*; also synthetic lubricants, suc as butoxylated and ethoxylated glycols; as well as poly- butene used for transmission belt dressing, etc; and vario common greases, such as lithium stearate, calcium stearate petroleum, aluminum naphthenate, and the like for horr ⁇ tion as lubricant coatings; moreover,
• a furthe category of active ingredients would be constituted of the waxes, including animal waxes, such as beeswax and stearic acid; vegetable waxes, such as carnauba, bayberry and cand ilia, as well as the various artificial or synthetic waxes as obtained from distillation of paraffin base petroleum.
• animal waxes such as beeswax and stearic acid
• vegetable waxes such as carnauba, bayberry and cand ilia
• various artificial or synthetic waxes as obtained from distillation of paraffin base petroleum.
• TEFLON is a trademark of E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Co Inc. for tetrafluoroethylene resins.
• water soluble compounds which, for purposes of illustration only, comprehend: methoxy polyethylene glycols useful for lubricants and as ointment bases for cosmetics and pharma ⁇ ceuticals; water soluble resins, such as hydroxyethyl celluloses and ethylene copolymers useful for coatings, paints, adhesives, caulking compounds, and for textile opera- tions; water soluble herbicides, such as paraquat, diethanolamine sale of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, diethanolamine sale of 2- (2-methyl-4-chloro ⁇ henoxy) propionic acid; and water soluble alkyl glycols and alkyl esters encompassing butoxylated and ethoxylated groups used for lubrication, hydraulic fluids, and for cosmetic and pharma ⁇ ceutical applications.
• methoxy polyethylene glycols useful for lubricants and as ointment bases for cosmetics and pharma ⁇ ceuticals water soluble resins, such as hydroxyethyl
• the range of treatments is infinite when it is recognized that such preparations can provide lubrica ⁇ tion, mold release, adhesives, sealants, water displacement sprays, wax coatings, polymeric finishes, such as for floors and like surfaces; inks and dyes; asphaltic undercoatings, polyurethane coatings, and paints.
• the particular propellants embodies in aerosol prepara ⁇ tions of the present invention are of generally accepted types, that is liquefied, such as, hydrocarbons or halocarbons as fluorocarbons, and blends of the same, or compressed gases, or combinations of liquefied and compressed gases.
• fluorocarbon 12 and fluorocarbon 114 are exemplary of halocarbon propellants equally useful.
• hydrocarbon propellants are liquefied petroleum gases, such as propane, butane and isobutane, such being more popular at the present time ' than the halocarbons due to the possible enviromental effects thereof.
• compressed gas propellants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and dimethyl ether may be used with the same facility as with other aerosol pre ⁇ parations but with attention, of course, directed to such considerations as stability and pressure requirements for selection " determination.
• a film controlling agent or so-called “film controller” is utilized.
• film controller the use of a “film controller” thus obviat the utilization of organic auxiliary solvents.
• film controlling agents are of such character that the active ingredients may be substantially insoluble therein. Additi ally, such film controlling agents possess an initial boili point about 300 F. assuring that the water within the film will evaporate at an earlier stage.
• glycols with initial boiling points above 350°F. such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol
• glycol ethers with initial boiling points above 350°F such as dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutly ether and tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether
• Such so-called film controllers need not possess solvency for the propellant and thus obviate utilization of the heretofore widespread use of organic auxiliary solvents for propellants.
• the active ingredient is hydrophobic, it need not be fully soluble in either the propellant or the film controller. It is understood that an inadvertent low degree of solubility of the active ingredient may be tolera ⁇ ted but such is not preferred unless the active ingredient is water soluble.
• the active ingredient and the film controlling agent were incompatible, that is, productive of a precipitate, the same would not be intermixed directly, but with the said agent being incorporated subsequent to the inclusion of the water.
• film controllers also allow for another unique property of this invention, that is, the ability to aerosolize active ingredients which are soluble in water but in the past have been more efficaciously delivered in solvent systems.
• An example of this would be water soluble herbicides,
• *DRAKEOL is a trademark of Pennreco, Inc. to identify a series of white mineral oils, colorless, odorless and tasteless hydrocarbon distillates meeting the D.S.P. XV and N.F.X. requirements for "petroleum liquidum”.
• **HI-SOL is a trademark of Ashland Chemical Company for aromatic petroleum solvents. wherein a typical spray would produce beading on the foilage and consequently poor coverage for the herbicide.
• the nature of this invention is such that the herbicide ca now be delivered onto the foilage with molecular continuit that is, in a smooth unbroken film making the herbicide much more efficacious.
• the mechanism that accomplishes th is not fully understood but it is necessary for the active ingredients to be soluble in the film controllers or the propellants to allow the invention to work as expected rather than delivering either foam or an uneven or broken film that would be expected in a situation where the activ ingredient was fully soluble in the water and a film contr ler was not present.
• solubility of the propellant in the film controlling agent is a matter of indifference since herein the manner of departure of the propellant from the film is dependent upon a mechanism qui distinct from solution formation.
• Aerosol preparations having the properties of the present invention have the following general formula where in liquefied propellants, namely the hydrocarbons and halo ⁇ carbons are used:
• Cocodiethanolamide 2.5% to 10% FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx. 1% to 20% WATER Approx. 10% to 91.4%
• the general formulation will be as follows
• Cocodiethanolamide 2.5% to 10 ! FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx, 1% to 20% WATER Approx, 10% to 94,3%
• Cocodiethanolamide 2.5% to 10% FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx. 1% to 20% WATER Approx. 10% to 94.3%
• the active ingredient is not pre-emulsified so that, accordingly, the cocodiethanolamide will be within the range of 2.5% to 10% by weight of the preparation so as to provide the necessary energy for creating a dispersion.
• An aerosol preparation for providing a continuous high gloss, hard surface coating may be formulated as follows:
• the active ingredient understandably, comprehends high and low viscosity forms of the dimethylpolysiloxane in accordance with accepted practice for conducing to the flowability of such active ingredient.
• the isobutane- propane mixture provides a suitable pressure for dispensin but, manifestly, other propellants are equally effective whether the same are liquefied, or compressed gases, or both as is exemplified by the following:
• the foregoing formula relates to a silicone lubricant preparation wherein the active ingredient, although constituting seemingly, a small percentage of the formula, attains with the water present a continuous film for assuring appropriate, even coverage of the devices or elements to be lubricated.
• This example sets forth a formula for a graphite penetrant which may be aerosolized and provide a film having the desired leveling characteristics: PERCENT BY WEIGHT
• This particular formula is of interest in that it demon ⁇ strates an active ingredient which is in colloidal dispersion form.
• EXAMPLE V The formula of this particular example demonstrates the usefulness of the present invention for providing an aerosol preparation wherein the active ingredient is a flowable powder:
• *OILDAG is a trademark of Acheson Colloids Co. of Port Huron Michigan to identify a concentrated colloidal dispersion of pure electric-furnace graphite in petroleum oil.
• **HI-SOL is a trademark of Ashland Chemical Company for aromatic petroleum solvents.
• the active ingredient is actually a solution and in such form is fully effective for aero- solization to present a smooth, even film wherein such ingredient attains molecular, continuity.
• the dispersal agent is in the approximate amount of 1% which is quite adequate in view of the fact that the latex paint is a stable emulsion so that a lesser amount of the dispersal agent is needed to provide the energy for effecting the requisite dispersion than in those systems wherein the active ingredient is not in an emulsion.
• the particular amount of the dispersal agent being greater than 0.5% is in the stated proportionality to provide a certain desired cohesiveness and thickness to the resultant film.
• PROPELLANT Isobutane 20% The foregoing does not require the addition of water in view of the inclusion of the same within the emulsion of the active ingredient.
• the dispersal agent is included in the minimal amount to bring about a dispersion in view of the fact that the active ingredient is in a stable emulsion, Also in this particular formula the film controlling agent is added after or with the dispersal agent in view of its lack of compatibility with the particular active ingredient in " its emulsion.
• aerosol preparations conforming to the present invention may be effected in most facile manners, with all involved steps being generally under ⁇ taken under normal ambient conditions and thus obviating the necessity of environmentally controlled conditions.
• One such procedure is: - the continuous phase is first prepared by intermixing the particular active in ⁇ gredient in the indicated proportion and the selected film controller or film controlling agent when the same are compatible; that is, wherein upon intermixture a precipitate or other undesired chemical reaction does not result. There is then added to the mixture the requisite amount of the dispersal agent, cocodiethanolamid with intermixing being continued.
• the active ingredient phase is subjected to agitation during which the prescribed quantity of water is blended in and agitation is maintained to effect an intermixture of the phases.
• the ultimate dispensing container is then filled, in accordance with pres.ent technology, with the intermixtu which has been maintained in an agitated state to the poin of filling.
• the propellant is the last constituent to be introduced.
• aerosol preparations may be formulated according to the present invention wherein the active ingredient is in an emulsion in its pre-preparation state.
• the water-base paints are recognized as being in emulsions, but any of the water insoluble active ingredients herein identified may also, if desired, be pre-emulsified.
• Cocodiethanolamide 0.5% to 10% FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx. 1% to 20% WATER 0 to Approx. 92.5%
• Cocodiethanolamide 0,5% to 10% FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx. 1% to 20% WATER 0 to Approx. 89.5 !
• Cocodiethanolamide 0.5% to 10% FILM CONTROLLING AGENT Approx. 1% to 20% WATER 0 to Approx. 89.3%

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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Cited By (8)

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• 1980
  • 1980-01-17 BR BR8009019A patent/BR8009019A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1980-01-17 WO PCT/US1980/000036 patent/WO1981002023A1/en unknown
  • 1980-01-17 JP JP50056180A patent/JPS57500069A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (3)

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