Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
  • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
  • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
  • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
  • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2270/00—Control
  • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
  • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2270/00—Control
  • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
  • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
  • F05B2270/1014—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to keep rotational speed constant
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2270/00—Control
  • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
  • F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
  • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
  • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

• Wind-power plants preferably include synchronous or asynchronous generators whose design requires the rotary speed of the windmill blades to be substantially constant, within very narrow limits. Since wind speeds are rarely constant, but vary as a result of gusts and squalls, very high requirements are placed on the turbine and on the transmission and gearing between the turbine and the generator.
• the turbine blades of horizontal-shaft wind turbines are preferably such as to enable them to pivot or rotate about their respective long axes, i.e. have automatic blade- pitch change.
• considerable inertia forces must be overcome when changing the blade- pitch, mainly due to the blade mass.
• This change in blade-pitch by rotating said blades about their long axes is normally effected with the use of mechanical or hydraulic machinery assisted by the force of the wind against the blades, to which latter end the aerodynamic centre of respective blades is offset from the centre of rotation of the blades.
• variable speed turbine In order to enable a variable speed turbine to be connected to, for example, a synchronous generator, which requires a constant rotary speed, means for regulating the turbine speed hydrostatically, mechanically and electro- magnetically have been tried. It has been found, however, that the efficiency of these speed-regulating systems is so poor that practically the whole of the additional energy gained through the use of a variable speed turbine is utilized.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a wind-power plant in which the aforementioned problems are substantially eliminated.
• the rotational speed of a generator can be kept synchronous within narrow limits at the same time as the rotational speed of the wind turbine is adapted to that fast-speed number of the turbine in question which is the optimal in every position.
• the efficiency of the plant is high, because the major part of the power is transmitted via the mechanical part of the transmission. This is a considerable improvement in efficiency compared with those solutions to the problem of speed control previously proposed.
• the transmission obtains an elasticity which can readily be given any desired characteristic. Such additional arrangements as the sprung suspension of the gear housing, etc., then become unnecessary.
• Synchronization of the generator with an electric network can be effected in a quick and easy fashion, since the synchronous rotational speed of the generator is reached earlier than the effect of a change in blade-pitch on the generator speed.
• the machinery without additional arrangements, can be rotated slowly, which is of great value when inspecting and test-running said machinery.
• the invention can be applied with both horizontal-shaft and vertical-shaft wind-power plants. In the case of vertical-shaft wind turbines with fixed turbine blades, the invention provides for a considerable increase in the yearly power output.
• FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically in Figure 2.
• a propeller 1 comprising, in the illustrated embodiment, blades which can be pivoted or rotated about their respective long axes by known control means not shown.
• the propeller 1 is connected to a shaft 2 which is journalled for rotation in a bearing 3.
• Fixedly connected to the shaft 2 is a yoke 4 having at respective ends thereof bearings 6 and 7 for planet gears 9 and 8 respectively.
• the planet gears 8 and 9 mesh with a sun gear 10 and a gear ring 11.
• the gear ring 11 is mounted for rotation in a bearing 12 and is connected on the other side of the bearing with a gear 13.
• the sun gear 10 is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft 14 which is carried by bearings 15 and 16.
• the gear 18 is fixedly connected to the input shaft 19 of a speed variator 20.
• the speed variator is of a kind known per se and may comprise a hydrostatic transmission which includes a variable- displacement hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, which by way of an alternative may conversely be driven as a motor or a pump, or said variator may be a mechanically or electrically operating speed variator.
• the output shaft 21 of the speed variator 20 is fixedly connected to a gear 22 which meshes with the gear 13.
• a transducer 23 indicates the rotational speed of the turbine, while a transducer 24 indicates the rotational speed of a generator 26. Signals from the transducers are processed in a known manner in a control means 25, which is arranged to send command signals to the speed variator 20.
• the described gear box is of a known planet-gear design. It is characterized in that the rotational speed of the gear ring of said planet-gear system is controlled by the output speed of the transmission via a speed variator. By suitable dimensioning of the transmission, the major part of the power transmitted is transfered over the mechanical part of the transmission, resulting in a high efficiency.
• the described transmission enables the speed of the turbine to vary within well defined limits while still obtaining a constant transmission output speed so as to enable a synchronous generator to be used.
• Figure 3 illustrates an efficiency curve which is normal for the kind of transmission described. It will be seen from the Figure that the transmission has a maximum efficiency at the rotational speed n of the propeller or turbine. At n the whole of the power is transmitted as mechanical power. At speeds beneath n a part of the power which increases with decreasing rotational speed is fed back to the gear box.
• the speed variator is driven from the secondary side of the transmission and that the speed can be converted in the variator and caused to influence the total transmission ratio, so that said ratio becomes greater or smaller than a nominal transmission ratio.
• the variator 20 may be an electric motor which is supplied from an external source, e.g. from the network fed by the generator 26.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20339305

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (35)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (1)

• 1979
  • 1979-11-14 SE SE7909379A patent/SE419113B/sv unknown
• 1980
  • 1980-11-12 WO PCT/SE1980/000283 patent/WO1981001444A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1980-11-12 EP EP80902189A patent/EP0039710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1980-11-14 CA CA000364705A patent/CA1144077A/en not_active Expired
• 1981
  • 1981-07-03 DK DK295981A patent/DK295981A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (1)

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