WO1980002589A1

WO1980002589A1 - Process and method for emulsion and burning of combustible oil

Info

Publication number: WO1980002589A1
Application number: PCT/BR1980/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: H Lopes
Original assignee: Paulista Caldeiras Compac; H Lopes
Priority date: 1979-05-23
Filing date: 1980-05-22
Publication date: 1980-11-27
Also published as: GB2070949A; ES8104499A1; JPS56501021A; NO810203L; DK30281A; SE8100363L; PT71299A; ES491813A0

Abstract

A process for mixing and burning an emulsion of water in oil to conserve fuel including the steps of emulsifying a mixture of 50-80% water and a combustible oil in a tank (6) at a temperature of 35-70 C depending on the sulfur content of the oil, pumping the emulsion at a pressure between 10.5-21 kg/cm2 to an emulsion oil heater (8) which raises the temperature to 110 C and passing the emulsion through a solenoid valve (17) to a burner nozzle (18).

Description

"PROCESS AND METHOD FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL".

This present invention concerns' about a peculiar process involving an unusual procedures series, for obtaining one hydro-oil emulsion kept stablein ideal conditions for one chemical reactions - burning, permitting one large thermic index, using combustible oil of low fluidity point corresponding to a high sulfur content or high fluidity point corres ponding to a low sulfur content.

So, considering the main necessity to reduce the expenditure of petroleum derivate combustible, as much as, for the approach of a word-wide reserves improverishment of this prima substance, as for the growing encrease of its price, are emerging several forms to reduce the expenditure, by the pure and simple substitutions of this combustible by another one, from different origem from the mineral one, or throught the spent volume reductions, mixing it with other elements of economic and easier acquisition.

Considering this second choise - (reduction of the spent volume) with the intention to reduce essentially the necessary combustible oil volume for the boiler heating, numberless studies were done that culminated with the solution now proposed, that permits one substancial oil economy, further tan - obtaining one major coloric content than the one kept normally with the use of only combustible oil. So, throught this conjugated process with one peculiar serie of procedures for its consummation, it is possible to acquire one combustible - emulsion with water in equal quantities perfectly homogenized, that kept under pression and temperature - according to the proper limits comes to a sprayer - burning beak, moment in wich the heat contained in the water that is pressurized and warme, entering in the combustion chamber, where the pression is insignificant releases one certain quantity of water steam that provides a serie of chemical reations between the free car bon parts contained in the combustible oil with hydrogen molecules, with natural gain of thermic energy and oxigen that patake effectivelly of the combustion.

For that, it is used one adequated mixer, to obtain one homogenized emulsion in wich one oil particle gets attached to one water particle; getting this emulsion warmed, it is taken by - pumping to a distribution tank, keeping the emulsion at the same temperature, from this tank the emusioned oil is pumped until getting the proper pression and taken - to heater that raises the emulsion temperature closer - to one hundred and

grades centigrades, in a - way that this emulsion is such conditions is injected - in the combustion chamber, throught the eprayer beak dettermining as a result from the already mentioned che mical reactions, one large colories encrease in the burning.

As it was seen before, the present invention ofreducing the use of combustible oil for the heating boiler. However it can be used for any other utilization, every time we must do combustion in the proper chamber.

So far, as a basic solution in this invention, water is used to be emulsioned with com bustible oil in a basis near serie of procedures for its consummation, it is possible to acquire one combustible oil emulsion with water in equal quantities per - fectly homogenized, that kept under pression and temperature according to the proper limits comes to a - sprayer burning beak, moment in which the heat contained in the water that is pressurized and warmed, entering' in the combustion chamber, where the pression insignificant releases one certain quantity of water steam that provides a serie of chemical reactions between the free carbon parts contained in the combustible oil with hydrogen molecules, with natural gain of thermic energy and oxigen that partake effectivelly of the combustion., For that it is used one adequated mixer to obtain one homogenized emulsion in which one oil particle gets attached to one water particle, - getting tills emulsion warmed, it is taken by pumping to a fifty per cent(50%). However, with the intention to obtain major oil economy and to be able to use determinate elements, many times unusables , the proposed invention may contain process and additional ways that allows the use of water(H₂O) in a eighty per cent(80%) proportion and yet make possible in the same proportion the substi tution of water by other elements with proper characteristics like mainly the cheap-wine in the same major proportion to form the emulsion. So far, it is possible to give to the cheap-wine, a large profitable utilization, because, as it is known, in the sugar and - alcohol refinaries, one of the great problems is the formation of large quantities of cheap-wine that is highly defiling liquid, that is many times conducted direct or indirectly to the water flows without treatment.

In this case we change the proportion H₂O or its substitute like the cheap-wine that becames to be of eighty per cent (80%) in volume, with - ten percent(10%) variation possibility, being also - foreseen one carbon monoxide "CO" generator, using as combustible mineral coal, charcoal and sugar cane bagasse, or any other element that contain the same basic products, providing one predetermined "CO" quantity in ideal cleanness conditions, being that one aerator of pressing type sucks one mixing of "CO" and air, in the proportion of eighty per cent of "CO" in volume, being' able to have one ten per cent(10%) variation, more less.

The aerator discharge containing this mixing is conducted by cyclone that impress to the gas one adequate rotation moviment, whose speed is graddually increased by the decrease of cyclone discharge portion, where is found the emulsion stream - highly pulverized by the sprayer beak. In the point of intimate joint of the gaseous mixing - carbon monoxide and air - with the en-ulsion molecules dived in minuscules particles, is formed a highly propicions condition to the start of a sequence of characteristic endothermic reactions(reduction) and exothermics ones (oxidation) that generate one considerable encrease in the radiation capacity.

At last, yet within the purpuse of this present invention, may occur the hypothesis - that the used combustible oil for the emulsion to be of low caloric power in a way to determine that somethimes the chiαical reactions determining the caloric raise in the burning are not done at a complete satisfactory - level just because the combustible oil quality is inferior. However, in these cases to keep a perfect stabi - lity in the whole process and consequently excellent - level in the chemical reactions determining the caloric encreases, it contains_. yet a inclusion invention close to the injection beak of the emulsion combustion cham - ber, of one independent additional heat source, selfsufficient from the main heat fountain originated from the emulsion burning.

The referred additional heat - source, may be obtained foreseing one gear type eletric-bomb that sucks combustible oil from the oil tank, pressing it down throught one heater that encreases its temperature close one hundred and ten

the oil pression is controlled by a proper valve and registered in manometer, being this oil soon after led throught the solenoid-valve, to a heater put near the sprayer beak and emusion heater. The referred additional heat source may be obtained by other proper forms, using voltaic-arc, electric resitors, and even laser-rays, being yet foressen for actuation automatic control for this additional heat source, one pyrometer preferently in the combustion chamber.

So far, for a better understanding of how is constituted the present invention it is being presented in annex,- illustrative designs, of non-restrictive character about the used procedures for the process accomplishment in which the:

FIGURE 1 - illustrates schematicaly the tanks, tubings, bombs, valves - and other dispositives and equip ment, appropriately disposed for the process accomplishment; the FIGURE 2 - shows in details the peculiar - construtive characteristic of the emulsion tank: the FIGURE 3 - reveals, schematicaly the procedures for the invention principal accomplishment and presents the joint ways to provide, near the emulsion sprayer beak the gaseous mixing-carbon monoxide and air when water proportion in the emul sion is about eighth

or when in this same proportion, the water is substituted by other elements with proper characteris tic like the cheap-wine; the

FIGURE 4 - illustrates in details the above mentioned joint procedures of the former figure; and the

FIGURE 5 - shows schema-ticaly the joint pro cedures to the main solution for providing one additional heat fountain close to the sprayer - beak and burning emulsion, when the combustible oil is a low caloric power one.

According with these illustra' tions and its details and taking inicially figure one and two it is seen that the combustible oil is kept in the tank(1). One transfer bomb(2) pumps the oil from the tank(1) to the prepation emulsion tank(6) controlled by one time programmer conjoint with a level control. -

The tank(6) after receiving one dettermined oil volume, receives one equal water volume "H₂O" throught the so-lenoid-valve control(19).

So it is in the tank one certain volume, formed by 50(fifty per cent) of oil and 50% (fifty per cent) of water that may have one variation close to 10%(ten per cent). The emulsion is accomplished by one mixer with four or eight shovels (22) fixed in one vertical axle(23) that is moved by one proper motor (24) that moves in adequate rotative speed kept in the tank interior(6) that has vertical-cylindric form. The shovels(22) are fixed around the axle(23) in one horizon tal level in a way to form a forty five grades angle, - so that the rotation is done in a way the shovels push the mixing(oil and water) down, stablishing one circula tory and vibratory moviment setting up condition for each oil particle get attached to each water particle.For making the emulsion easier, the tank(6) is provided of a heat controlled system throught the steam shirt (25) in a way to guarantee one controlle temperature - between thirty five to fifty frades centigrades, when the oil will have high brimstone content, or between sixty to seventy grades centigrades when oil will have low brimstone content. The necessary time for the emulsion accomplishment is about five or ten minutes, altering between these limits according with the diameter and hight tank proportions and to the shovels form(22). The emusion is permanent, having possibility of division only by heating at a steam temperature of of the water to the corresponding pression.

Once the emulsion is accomplished in the tank(6) the emulsioned oil is transfered to the distribution tank(7) throught the transfer bomb(3) that is hold by one level control conjoint with the programmer, being that the distribution tank(7) like the emulsion tank(6) presents one heater system to keep the emulsion within the same temperature limits in the tank (6), according with the high or low brimstone content - in the used oil.

All the tubing connection(1) of the oil tank storing until the distribution tank(7) is warmed in the same temperature limit, throught one steam tube fixed in a longitudinal or spiral way, that is covered by one gutter of isolated mateiral.

From the distribution tank(7)the emulsioned oil will food the bomb(4) that will raise the discharge pression between five to eight kg/cm², - being this control effected by one relief valve(9) put in one return line to the distribution tank(7) in a form that when occurs pression excess it will be relieved until the normal index by the return of one adequate emulsion volume to the tahk(7) by the valve(9).- The pression measuring will be done by one manometer - (15) that is provided of a blockade valve. One highly occurate bomb(5) constructed for working pression until 28kg/cm², provided by one pression control valve,pla - ced in the proper bomb body receives in the suction the emulsioned oil provided by the bomb(4). The bomb(5) - foods the emulsioned oil heater(8) in a pression that alters between 10,5 to 21kg/cm², being able to have one variation near ten per-cent. The minimum pression is adjusted by the relief-valve(10) when the micrometer valve(10)when the micrometer valve(16) will be open, what always happens in the Operation beginning, When the valve(l6) closes by the action of a serve motor connected to it, the pression will raise to 21 kg/cm². The heater

(8) is tubular oil type, being used saturated steam provided by the boiler, and yet one electric resistor, in a way to heat the emulsion to a 110 grades centigrades temperature, having one variation near fifteen per cent more less.

The emulsioned oil system being warmed up and pressurized in the stablished conditions, the burning will start throughout the solenoid-valve - open(17) and from the ignition pilot-flame light-ming using diesel oil, coming from one tank(20) throught one bomb(21) in one predetermined period. The whole opera tion sustem is accomplished by one joint programmer - with protection system of eletronic flame supervision.

So far, the propose system exclude any possibility of cavitation phenomenon in the bomb(5) by the possibility of guaranteing one minimum pression of five kg/cm² in its suction.

For avoiding the formation of a crust in the emulsion, when the function system is in terrupted an to clean it for the operation beginning is foreseen rom the bomb(5) the substitution of the emulsion by diesel oil coming from the tank(20) by the bomb force(21) during the enough time for burning the emulsion and live the tubing completed with diesel oil for the next start.

At last, when the emulsion(oil + water) is injected in the boiler combustion chamber through the sprayer beak(18), occurs that part of the heat contained in the water(H₂O) that is pressurized - and warmed, when entering in the combustion chamber where its pression is insignificant, releases onecertain water steam quantity, easily computed, providing conditions for the beginning of a chemical reations serie, between the free carbon part contained in the combustible oil with hydrogen molecules with natural gain of thermic energy and oxygen that takes part effectively of the combustion. Another agent that helps the caloric raise provided by the emulsion(caloric power)is the reduction of external air food and consequently - effective reduction of the nytrogen mass that further than not taking part in the combustion process, needs great heat quantities for its heating.

In the case of using eighty per cent proportion in water wight in the emulsion, having one variation of ten per cent, or cheap-wine in the same major proportion(figure 3 and 4) the emulsion is controlled by one(pression measurer(7A) located in the - tank(7) that is pressurized type using inert gas "nytrogen" that acts like kilation fluid, in a way that the emulsion pumped by the bomb(3) to the tahk(7) is kept under constant pression of 7 kg/cm² being able to suffer one ten per cent variation up or down, being this pression registered in manometer(15).

From the distribution tank(7)the emulsioned oil will food one highly occurate bomb (5) constructed for working pressions until 50 kg/cm², - supplied by one control valve of located pression in the own bomb body, that receives in the suction emulsioned oil provided by the pressurized tank(7) in a way the bomb(5) foods the heater(8) at a minimum pression - of 10,5 kg/cm². The process and the procedures uses in the raminder part, are the same of the basic solutions, until the sprayer beak(l8), point in which is foreseen a carbon monoxide "CO" generator(26) using as combustible, mineral coal, charcoal, sugar cane bagasse or any other element containing the same basic products, providing one predetermined quantity of "CO" in ideal cleanness conditions. One pressing type aerator(27) normally used in burning, sucks one mixing of "CO" and air in an eighty per cent proportion of "CO" in volume, having one variation of ten per cent, up or down. The aerator discharge containing the above mentioned mixing is conducted to a cyclone(28) that imprint one rotation moviment to the gas in the hour direction,having its speed encreased gradually tγ the defrease of the cyclone(28) discharge section(29) where it meets the emulsion flux highly pulverized by the eprayer beak(18). In the place where it is accomplished the gas intimate joint("CO" and air) and the emulsion molecules divided in micron fraction is formed one highly favorable condition to the start of reactions series of endothermic - characteristic(reduction) and exothermics ones (oxidation) that generates sensible radiation capacity.

At last, when the emulsion oil presents low caloric power, that would damage the ideal levels of chemical reactions that determine the tehrmic energy gain, the invention foresee, joint to the sprayer beak and the emulsion burning, one additional heat fountain that may be obtained foreseing one electric-bomb - (35) gear type that sucks the emulsion oil from the tank(l) pressing it throught the oil heater(34) that encreases its temperature for(110£) obe hundred and ten centigrades, having one variation near ten per cent, up or down, so that the oil pression is controlled by one valve(33) and registred by one manometer(30, being this oil in that way pressurized and warmed up throught the solenoid-valve (31) to a heater(32) disposed at the sprayer beak side(18) and of the emulsion burning(figure 5). However alternatively, these additional heat - fountain may be obtained by other aaequate ways, as,for example, using voltaic-arc, electric-resitor and laserrays.

For this effect it may be foreseen, preferable in the combustion chamber one pyrometer controlling the temperature of the flame originated - from the combustion burn and automatically moving the additional heat fountain when that flame do not reach - the adequate temperature, as result from one occasional low caloric power of emulsion oil.

Claims

C LA I MS

1 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", characterized by one combustible oil volume, with high or low - brimstone content, come from one storing tank by the - action of one transfer bomb, being taken to a mixing - tank that receives one equal water volume, controlled by a solenoid-valve, in a way that in these receptor tank(equal volume of oil and water) is done a mixing of these two elements until getting to a emulsion inwhich an oil particle get attached to other water partil cle, having this tank one heating system to warm up the emulsion to thirty five to fifty grades centigrades, - when the used oil will have high brimstone content, or sixty to seventy grader centigrades when the oil will have low brimstone content, passing so, this oil already emulsioned to a distribution tank throught one transfer bomb operated by one level control conjugated with a programmer, presenting the above mentioned distribution tank also one heating system for the same function foreseen in the mixing tank, keeping the emulsion within the same limits of temperature according with high or - low brimstone content in 'the emulsion used oil in a way that from the distribution tank the emulsioned oil starts to food one bomb, increasing the discharge pression between five or eight kg/cm², after what is foreseen another bomb of high accuration, foreseen for working pressions until twenty-eight kg/cm², that foods one emulsioned oil heater to a pression about 10,5 to21 kg/cm², that increases the emulsioned oil temperature to about 110 grades centigrades, for its burning started throught on open in the solenoid-valve and determined by the ignition pilot-flame lighterning, - using diesel oil in an predetermined period located - near the sprayer beak of emulsion burning.

2 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with the inicial claim characterized by the proportion, in equal parts of combustible oil and water, put in a tank to form an emulsion presenting one variation of (10%) ten per cent, taking for accomplishing the mixing until the obtation of the emulsion, five or ten minutes, changing these limits according with the diameter and - height tank and the shovel's form. 3 - "PR0CESS AND PROCEDURE FOR

EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordande with the former claims, characterized by the whole - tubing that make the connection from the storing oil - tank until the emulsion distribution tank, to be warmed up, to the same temperature, in the same conditions of the emulsion tank and distribution tank in a way that got heating throught the steam tube fixed in the longitudinal tubing direction - or involving it spirally, - being covered or involved the whole set by one cover or gutter of isolant material. 4 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", according with the former claims, characterized by a bomb that receives emulsioned oil from distribution tank, raises to discharge pression between five to eight kg/cm², pre sents control throught one relief valve that permits - the emulsioned oil volume return corresponding to the - pression excess to the distribution tank.

5 - "PROCESS AMD PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with former claims, characterized by the oil emulsioned heating, that increases its temperature near 110 grades centigrades, to be tubing oil type using saturated - steam provided by the boiler. 6 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", according - with former claims, characterized by 100 grades centi -grades in which the emulsioned oil is raised by the heater, being able to near fifteen per cent(15%). 7 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with former claims characterized by the minimum limits and maximum pression fixed between 10,5 to 21 kg/cm², - effected by the high accurate bomb that foods the - heater, altering near ten per cent(10%), having the minimum pression adjusted by one relief bomb, when one micrometer valve will be open as it always occurs in the operation beginning, in a way that when these micrometer valve closes by the servmotor action in which it joints and the pression raises to the maximum. 8 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with formed claims, characterised by substituting from the nigh accurate bomb that foods the heater, the emulsioned oil by diesel oil during one adequate duration - to burn the emulsion, during the operation system interruption and to let the tubing full of diesel oil for the operation recommencement.

9 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", according with above mentioned claims characterized by one mixing tank emulsion shaper, that is formed by one vertical - cylindric body in which interior are foreseen shovels fixed in one vertical axle moved by one adequate motor, so as the shovels are fixed around such axle in one horizontal level and with(forty five) 45^£ grades inclination in a way to push the mixing down(oil and water)stabushing one circulatory and vibratory moviment.

10- "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING CF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with former claims characterized by the combustible oil and water emulsion containing eighty per cent of water (H₂O) in weight, haveng one variation of ten per cent - in the maximum up or down and by in the emulsion flux sprayed by the burning beak in which the respective molecules are found divided in munuscules particles of microns fraction order, be discharged cyclone gas rotativaly, constituting a mixing of air with carbon "CO" monoxide, in the proportion of eighty per cent of "CO" by volume in ideal cleanness conditions, having ten per cent variation up or down.

11 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL",according with former claims, characterized by the water (H₂O)emulsion shaper joint to the combustible oil may be substituted by cheap wine, in the same proportion, or yet, by other fluid with proper characteristics.

12 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR ELULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", in accordance with former claims characterized by foreswing one carbon monoxide "CO" generator in ideal cleanness condi- ' tions that is sucked with the air in the proportion of the inicial claim, by one pressing aerator with dischar ge channel ended by one trunk-conical cyclone chamber , in which strangled open edge is foreseen preferable in the center the emulsion sprayer beak.

13 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", according with former claims characterized Toy the emulsion prepation tank foreseen internally one emulsioner turbine type, controlled by one pression measurer located in the distribution tank pressurized type, using inert gas "nytrogen" acting as expansion fluid, so as from these dis tribution tank, the emulsion with controlled pression by the mentioned pression measurer, foods one high accurate bomb with working minimum pressions of 10, 5 kg/cm² that foods the heater.

14 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL",according with former claims, characterized for being foreseen near the emulsion atomization and burning, one additional heat fountain, independent of the main heat fountain de termined by the emulsion burning.

15 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL", according with former claims, characterized by one additional heat fountain be obtained foreseing one eletric-bomb gear ty pe that sucks the combustible oil directly from these elements tank presing the same down throught one oil heater that increases its temperature to(1102) one hundred and ten grades centigrades, with possibility of va riation near more less ten per cent, being this. oil pression controlled by one valve and registered in mano meter and following the oil so pressurized and warmed up is taken throught the solenoid-valve to one heater, disposed beside the sprayer beak and the emulsion - burning.

16 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL",in accordancewith mentioned claims, characterized by one additional - heat source, to be obtained by any proper way, as for example susing voltaic-arc, electric resitors or laserrays.

17 - "PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR EMULSION AND BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE OIL",according with former claims characterised to be foreseen preferently in the combustion chamber, one pyrometer controlling - the temperature .flame originated from the emulsion - burning and automatically moving the additional heat fountain when the flame does not reach the proper tempe rature as a result of low caloric power of the emulsion oil.