WO1980002215A1

WO1980002215A1 - Permanent magnet generator

Info

Publication number: WO1980002215A1
Application number: PCT/DE1980/000045
Authority: WO
Inventors: H Spodig
Original assignee: Spodig Heinrich
Priority date: 1979-04-10
Filing date: 1980-04-03
Publication date: 1980-10-16
Also published as: EP0026196A1; DE2915192A1

Abstract

The stator of a permanent magnet generator is comprised of a system of double yoke magnet directed outwardly and without magnetic protection. On the outer part deprived of protection on the two parallel and contiguous faces of the double yoke, two block magnets at least (5 and 6, 7 and 8) are arranged one after the other with the same magnetic orientation and assembled by an iron terminating assembly piece of weak magnetization (3 and 4) to form a neutral magnetic area, while the other two faces (1 and 2) of the double yoke are comprised only of weak magnetization iron. With iron poles arranged inwardly of the double yoke in order to form a magnetic working field rigidly connected with the two faces provided with magnet, these two faces (1 and 2) provide a double yoke unit.

Description

"Permanent magnetic power generator"

The invention relates to a permanent magnetic power generator.

Permanent magnets in the form of simple horseshoe or bar magnets have already been used to generate electricity. But it was quickly recognized that with the magnetic qualities of the time and the sensitivity of the magnets to all possible environmental influences, it would not be possible to achieve great results.

The current energy crisis has led to new considerations as to whether and to what extent with the use of modern permanent qualities, in particular curable, directionally magnetized, anisotropic, stem-crystallized, highly coercive cobalt beam magnets or newer ceramic, directionally magnetized, anisotropic, ferrite permanent magnets, such as barium ferrite limits, with extremely high coercive forces small volume and dimension ratios with little remanence not here an energy source could be found, which should also be used as an energy supplier for the generation of electricity.

If it were possible to create the highest magnetic field strengths in a magnetic working gap with new magnetic systems that are strictly magnetically ordered in a magnetization-resistant magnetic circuit, then the possibility of introducing high magnetic fields for generating high currents would be more real Factor.

Based on this knowledge, most adverse electrical phenomena such as induction, self-induction and mutual induction when moving,

Changing, opening and closing the field with their dangerous and disadvantageous opposing electrical and electromagnetic effects can be eliminated.

3 of DE-OS 26 07 197 (SPODIG) shows the basic structure of a double yoke magnet system which is not magnetically shielded from the outside and which can be used as a permanent magnetostatic energy base during the dynamization of this permanent magnet base to generate high induction currents. It represents a classic double yoke system, where in the unshielded magnetic outer part of two parallel sides of the double yoke, at least on each side at least two bar magnets, Block magnets, ring magnets or similar profile bodies, angularly or roundly bundled together, only separated by two soft magnetic iron back pieces, to form a neutral magnetic zone connected in series in the same magnetization direction (NS - neutral soft iron zone - NS) and the other two sides of which are only made of soft magnetic iron iron poles drawn in after the interior of the double yoke form a unit of the double yoke to form a magnetic working gap in firm connection with the two magnetically equipped rare elements.

The object of the invention is to use permanent magnetism for power generation based on such a basic system.

Accordingly, according to the invention, a permanent magnetic power generator is proposed, the stator of which consists of an externally magnetically unshielded double yoke magnet system, with in the unshielded magnetic outer part of two sides of the double yoke lying parallel to one another at least two block magnets on each side by a soft magnetic iron yoke to form a neutral magnetic Zone are connected one behind the other in the same direction of magnetization and its other two sides, which consist only of soft magnetic iron, with iron poles drawn in towards the interior of the double yoke Forming a magnetic working gap in a fixed connection with the two magnetically equipped sides form a unit of the double yoke.

In addition, it is proposed that a rotor with its axes on both sides in the direction of the neutral zones on both sides is installed between the two poles in the same direction of symmetry and that the rotor can be coupled to a drive machine.

The axes on both sides can be mounted between the two magnets. However, the axles can also be mounted or attached outside the yoke. Slip rings are expediently provided on the axis inside the yoke.

This basic system can be reproduced either in the plane of symmetry or at an angle, be it by concentric doubling, tripling, etc., by layering one another, or by juxtaposing and bending the individual systems into a closed whole, inside which a single rotor rotates.

These and similar embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. Details, advantages and applications of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a double yoke system, as previously mentioned as belonging to the prior art (DE-OS 26 07 197);

Fig. La a detail of Flg. 1 on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 2 doubling the system in Flg. 1 in the plane of symmetry;

3 shows a concentric tripling of the system in the plane of symmetry;

Fig. 4 shows a modification of Fig. 2;

5 superimposed systems according to FIG. 1;

6 shows the basic sketch of the arrangement of a rotor in the working gap of FIG. 1;

7 shows a cross section through part of a test facility; 7a is a view in the direction of arrow A; 7b shows a section along the line EF;

7c shows a section along the line C-D;

8 shows the same system and the same magnetic circuit as FIG. 1, but with the magnets angled out of their plane of symmetry;

Fig. 9 is a mirror image duplication of the system of Fig. 8;

10 shows the system according to FIG. 9 with the rotor inserted;

11 shows a doubling of the system according to FIG. 9;

Fig. 12 triples the system of Fig. 9;

FIG. 13 systems of FIG. 1 arranged side by side;

Fig. 14 bent and provided with built-in rotor systems according to Fig. 13;

15 systems arranged side by side according to FIG. 9;

16 bent systems of FIG. 15 to form a closed unit in a shield housing with a built-in rotor. In Fig. 1 the above-mentioned basic system is shown, as it results from DE-OS 26 07 197. The saturation magnetization Փ _{s of} this double yoke magnet system creates a magnetostrictively initiated volume deformation of the right-angled poles in the two poles belonging to the inner iron magnetic circuit in the direction of force flow (see Fig. 1a), which is accompanied by strong changes in the directions of the molecular particles of the Iron. These physical properties are referred to in the art as magnetostriction. The size of this magnetostriction depends on the saturation magnetization dp and on the magnetic moment (u _s = saturation permeability) of the soft magnetic iron used in each case. It occurs when the macroscopic molecular disordered dipoles in the soft magnetic bodies in the inner volume arrange themselves anisotropically parallel to the sides in the direction of magnetization (see arrows Fig. 1a) and cause a change in length, which, for example, occurs in the rectangular iron pole bodies due to a constriction of the Make the outer edges noticeable by shortening the lines of force. This tendency continues from the respective poles in the air volume of the magnetic working gap by shortening the lines of force and constriction. The dashed lines in the iron poles and the line of force in the magnetic working gap symbolically represent the change in volume of the magnetostrictive effect (Fig. 1a). The lines of force are thus bundled inward in the working gap and thus represent an absolutely homogeneous, demagnetizing force field of the magnet system. The higher the use of the permanent magnetic force or the magnetizing force in these magnetic circuits of the invention in the direction of the poles at the working gap, the stronger the force Magnetic restrictive force that holds the sharply focused lines of force in the working gap ever stronger and can oppose any distortion of the lines of force by the action of the rotating rotor. It can be measured that it can be measured as absolutely homogeneous by measuring the same Gaussian number of 10,000 on the air gap surfaces at each point of these surfaces, for example at a working gap of 10 mm (test result of a system of the invention), while the same between the two poles in the middle Potential appears, so no dilution, but even an increased potential of about 150 Gauss, i.e. a total of 10,150 Gauss. Potential shifts towards the edges, such as occur in the known dynamo machine by displacing the lines of force outwards towards the iron yoke circle, do not take place here.

The efficiency of the dynamo machine of the invention is greatly improved simply because of this magnetostrictive measure. An improvement is to be found in the constructive installation of the rotating rotor between the iron poles of the magnetic circuit. In contrast to the prior art, the Rotor in the sense of the invention between the poles of the stator in the plane of symmetry with its two stub axles in each case in the direction of the neutral zones of the two permanent magnet bars (NS - soft iron intermediate piece - NS) connected in series on both sides and installed in the double yoke, with the bearing of the two stub axles inside or outside can be built into the iron neutral inferences, or the blunt axles are pulled all the way out through the inference body and stored separately. The axis can be made of any electrically conductive material such as iron, copper, aluminum etc. If the rotor now rotates at high speed to generate the required main induction current, all inductive secondary currents and self-induction and counter currents etc. are caused by the strong magnetostrictive effect eliminated in the working gap. As far as remaining inductive counter currents or self-induction weakening the main induction current form, they are immediately electronically statu nascendi in the wire windings of the rotor with almost the speed of light through the axis into the neutral zone of the outer yoke between the two magnets depending on the change of the induction current plus or minus in each case in the magnetic circuit of the double yoke back up or down to strengthen the entire magnetic yoke circuit again. The rotor itself is opened, as are short pieces of the pole pieces, in order to switch off the eddy currents that generate heat. The magnets themselves should preferably consist of ferrites, for example barium ferrites, because these respond to eddy currents with their anisotropic macrostructure and strengthen their resistance to demagnetization. In this system, therefore, the resistance of the rotor windings is purely ohmic. All negative secondary induction currents are switched off.

This power generator according to the invention therefore generates practically no heat like the known dynamo machine and does not need to be serviced.

Because of the high stability and high demagnetization resistance of the machine of the invention, due to the magnet construction and its magnetostrictive action, it can be overloaded very much without. great detrimental effects. Depending on the overload, the voltage only drops by a small amount, as was measured in the bandwidth between 40 and 370 volts.

This range of voltage is still in the normal technical range of the mean 380 volts with a number of revolutions n = 3,000 with 50 Hertz and can therefore also be regarded as an additional useful current with its system and demagnetization resistance.

The double yoke-based system of Fig. 1, which is formed of a closed frame-shaped E-from T or frame parts 1 and 2 made of soft Elsen and dazwisehen _^ joined to each other by soft iron pieces 3 and 4 connected Dauermagnetparren 5 and 6 and 7 respectively and 8, is according to FIG. 2 by concentrically doubling or adding a further outer frame in the plane of symmetry to form a double double-yoke base system, as a result of which the magnetic field is further strengthened between the forward central end faces 9 and 10, that is to say in the working air gap. The outer frame is composed of the further permanent magnets 13 and 14 or 15 and 16 connected in pairs with soft iron parts 11 and 12 and is connected to the internal double yoke basic system with connecting strips 17, 18, 19 and 20.

The magnetostrictive force acting in the working air gap can also be increased in the plane of symmetry by arranging further concentric frames. 3 shows a simple double yoke base system which has been added to three frames, that is to say to a triple double yoke base system, the third frame likewise being built up from permanent magnet pairs 23 and 24 or 25 and 26 connected to soft iron parts 21 and 22 and via the connecting strips 27, 28 is connected to the inner double yoke systems.

Instead of the multiple arrangement of the double yoke base systems provided for the amplification of the magnetostrictive force, an increase in the magnetic force can also be achieved by using multiple magnetic materials. In Fig. 4 are in the outer frame portions of a permanent magnet pair 5 and 6 or 7 and 8 each two permanent magnet pairs 29 and 30 or 31 and 32 provided. Such multiple arrangements of the permanent magnets are also possible analogously in the other double yoke base systems already described, depending on the desired magnetic force.

A further possible modification of the designs of the single and multiple double yoke base systems in the plane of symmetry is shown in FIG. 5, where the double yoke base system of FIG. 1 is stacked in three ways and the individual Doppeljoeh base systems in this case on opposite sides by soft iron plates 33 and 34 are connected to one another to form a common working air gap between the end faces 9 and 10.

The double yoke base system of FIG. 1 is in principle completed in FIG. 6 by installing a rotor 35 to form a power generator according to the invention. The rotor 35 is located in the working air gap between the central faces 9 and 10 of the frame parts 1 and 2, with the cylinder shape of the rotor 35 correspondingly having the same recesses for its enclosure. From the ends of the circular recesses, the central end faces 1, 2 are bevelled towards the outside, as can also be seen in FIG. 5. With its two axes dull 36 and 37, the rotor 35 is in the soft iron pieces 3 and 4, in their neutral zones, which are practically exactly in the middle of the permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 8, on both sides in Storage 39 stored. On one side of the rotor 35, a device 40 known per se for current draw is attached to the stub axle 36.

The experimental plant shown in FIGS. 7 to 7c again corresponds to the principle of the double yoke base system of FIG. 1 and the basic representation of the power generation system of FIG. 6. Analogous to the Dcppeljoch base system of FIG. 1, there is between the approximately 300 mm long and circularly recessed central end faces 9 and 10 of the T-shaped frame parts 1 and 2, which in turn have a length dimension of approximately 1000 mm, the rotor 35 with a diameter of approximately 165 mm thick and of the same cylinder length as the central end faces 9 and 10. In the approximately 220 × 300 mm large pieces of soft iron 3 and 4, which together with the approximately 75 mm high and approximately 300 × 202 mm large permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 8 on both sides between the outer ends of the frame parts 1 and 2 for formation one time closed magnetic circuit are located, as already mentioned in the neutral zone, the bearings 39 for the storage of the approximately 55 min 0 strong stumps 36 and 37 of the rotor 35th

The permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 8, which can also be composed of several individual magnets in the order of magnitude specified, each have a magnetization direction that is opposite to one another on both sides, so that the frame points 1 and 2 and thus also the central end faces 9 and 10 have opposite polarity. The power take-off device 40, consisting of grinding bodies 4l and 42 and a connecting body 43 'with a lead cable 44' for the generated current, is located on the stub shaft 56.

On the surface of the rotor 35 there are grooves 43 distributed uniformly over its circumference, which amount to a total of 24 pieces and are filled with copper wires wound in the axial direction.

According to Fig. 8, a tiered design of a double yoke base system can be built up by angling the respective two permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 3 of the two mutually parallel sides including the frame parts 1 and 2 from the plane of symmetry means that the permanent magnets 5 and and 6 or 7 and 8 stand up vertically on the soft iron pieces 3 and 4 according to their direction of magnetization. The neutral zone remains unchanged in the middle of the soft iron pieces 3, 4 between the permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 8. For the mounting of the rotor 35 there are corresponding components leading into the area of the working gap between the central end faces 9 and 10 to provide.

Outside such a double yoke base syster. can also be expanded to a double double yoke system if stronger magnetic forces are required. In Fig. 9 shows that on the double yoke base system according to FIG. 8 another double yoke base system is placed in mirror image with common frame parts 1 and 2, with congruent poles, so that the magnetic force on the central end faces 9 and 10 of the frame parts 1 and 2 is now practically doubled compared to the embodiment of FIG. 3. The reference numbers of the double yoke base system applied correspond to those of the lower system, but with the difference that the 3 reference numbers are provided with a comma "" In FIG. 10, the double-double yoke basic system of FIG. 9 is completed with a built-in rotor 35. For this purpose, the soft iron pieces 3 'and 4 or 3 and 4' are each connected by an outer side plate 44 or 45 made of soft iron. In these side plates 44 and 45, again in the area of the gauze zone, the stumps 36 and 37 of the rotor 35 are mounted in suitable bearings 39.

FIG. 11 shows a double-double-yoke base system of the construction of FIG. 9, but with a further double-double-yoke base system, which is arranged concentrically around the central double-yoke base system with congruent magnetic poles, the systems being connected to one another via common frame parts 46 and 47 are connected to one unit.

The arrangement of three such concentric double-double yoke base systems is provided in FIG. 12. The systems are connected here via the frame parts 48 and 49 and pole shoes 50 and 51 or 52 and 53. In the manner described, the stator system can be enlarged as required and magnetically reinforced accordingly as required.

A further modification of the stator system can be seen in FIGS. 13 and 14. Here are four double yoke base systems according to Fig. 1, which are in the process (Fig. 13) with their Frame locations 1 and 2 are each arranged side by side, in Fig. 14 assembled into a square stator. Of the double yoke base systems opposite in the axial direction, iron bars 54, 55, 5o (a fourth one is not shown) are attached to the soft iron pieces 3 and 4 in a star shape and open into a ring 57 within the systems on each side of the rotor 35. These rings 57 represent the zero zone of the individual systems, which is extended into the middle of the system, and the contact points for connecting the zero zone to the rotor 35, specifically via the bearings 39 arranged in the rings 57 for the blunt axles 36 and 37 of the rotor 35 six or eight systems in the development of FIG. 13 would result in hexagonal or octagonal stators in FIG. 14.

Finally, FIGS. 15 and Iβ show a still further possible design of a stator according to the invention _. ,

8 is based on the double yoke base systems, v / o the respective two permanent magnets 5 and 6 or 7 and 3 of the two mutually parallel sides are angled out of the plane of symmetry. In Fig. 15, these double yoke base systems are arranged side by side in four systems, so that the soft iron pieces 3 and 4 become one in both systems Extend common rail, while the adjacent frame strips 1 and 2 represent correspondingly deforming parts.

This composite system of FIG. 15 can in turn be bent together to form a stator, to be precise a square. If an octagon or larger polygon is desired, only a corresponding number of systems need to be provided for the handling. 16 shows a multi-system according to FIG. 15 arranged in a housing 58. The housing 58 forms the neutral zone for the internal multi-system and accordingly the housing 58 as such via the bearings 39 is the bearing point for the axle stubs 36 and 37 of the rotor 35.

Of course, further refinements of the double yoke base systems according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 8, not shown, are also possible without leaving the scope of the invention.

In conclusion, it should be noted that when magnetostricting solid bodies, in particular the iron poles, for example made of soft iron (St 37), more attention should be paid to the working air gap between the poles in order to strengthen the density of the lines of force than before because - as is the case with measurements in Working air gap of the power generator has shown the invention - a high magnetostriction allows the machine to be overloaded without any adverse effect on the performance.

The magnetostriction of the soft iron (St 37) used in the test machine is relatively low, although soft iron shows a considerable solidification of the magnetic field structure at room temperature, which gives additional values when overloaded, which can be used as useful current. but enters; Pure of white iron types, which are alloyed with aluminum or silicon. According to the tests with St 37, it can be expected that these alloys will produce even better effects and lead to even higher current yields.

Claims

Participant claims

1. Permanent magnetic power generator, so that the stator consists of a double yoke magnet system that is not magnetically shielded from the outside, with at least two blocking magnets on each side in the unshielded magnetic outer part of two parallel yokes of the double yoke

magnetic zone one behind the other in the same way

Direction of magnetization are connected and the other two sides, which only consist of soft magnetic iron, form a unit of the double yoke with iron poles pulled in towards the inside of the double yoke to form a magnetic work spaite in firm connection with the two magnet-equipped sides (Flg. 1)

2. Power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotor with the axes on both sides in the direction of the neutral zones on both sides is installed between two poles in the same direction of the symmetry plane (Fig. 6, 7) and that the rotor can be coupled to a drive machine .

3- Power generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axles on both sides are mounted between the two magnets (Fig. 7).

4. Power generator according to claim 1 or 2, so that the bearing of the axles is built or installed outside the yoke.

5. Power generator according to one of the requests up to that point, that slip rings are provided inside the yoke on the axis (Fig. 7).

6. Power generator according to claim 1, so that the double yoke system is surrounded in the plane of symmetry with a second magnetically equivalent double yoke system, with its iron poles being connected to the poles of the inner circle (Fig. 2).

7. Power generator according to claim 1 or 6, since c. characterized in that the double yoke system is tripled in the plane of symmetry and connected to a unit via the pole pieces (Fig. 3).

3. Power generator according to claim 6, so that the second system concentrically surrounding the first circle is equipped with four magnets on two sides of the double yoke and is connected to the poles of the inner yoke circle to form a unit from the iron seldom (Fig. 4) .

9. Power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the double yoke system is arranged several times one above the other, with the respective two opposite sides of the double yokes being connected to one another and formed into uniform, magnetically balanced common poles (Fig. 5).

10. Power generator according to claim 1, so that the respective two magnets of the two parallel parts of the outer part of the magnetic circuit including the neutral Weichelsen zone are angled out of the plane of symmetry (Fig. 8).

11. Power generator according to claim 10, characterized in that a second double yoke circuit with the same polarity is arranged on the angled Dooteljochkreis, both systems being connected to a unit by common pole sides (Fig. 9).

12. Power generator according to claims 2 and 11, so that the double yoke circuits are connected by soft iron plates connecting the upper and lower cover plates, which serve as bearings for the rotor axes (Fig. 10).

13. Power generator according to claim 11, characterized in that around the two double yoke systems superimposed with the same polarity, another double yoke system of the same design is magnetically aligned together with the soft iron north-south poles and connected to form a unit (Fig. 11).

14. Power generator according to claim 13, characterized in that three identical double yoke systems are magnetically connected by the pole pieces (Fig. 12).

15. Power generator according to claim 1, so that menrere the

Double yoke systems with their equally polar iron poles are arranged next to each other (Fig. 13).

16. Power generator according to claims 2 and 15, characterized in that the several double yoke systems are arranged approximately circularly, for example in the case of four systems in a square shape, with the ones on the outside being new traien zones are united by Elsenleiter directed centrally towards the rotor axes (Fig. 14).

17. Power generator according to claim 10, characterized in that several of the angled double yoke systems with their equal-polar iron poles are arranged next to one another (Fig. 15).

18. Power generator according to claims 2 and 17, so that four, eight or more of the double yoke systems arranged next to one another are bent together to form a square, octagon or polygon, which is surrounded by a common housing, which forms the neutral zone for all systems and in which the rotor axes are mounted (Fig. 16).

19. Power generator according to one of claims 1 to 13, so that the soft iron parts, in particular the inwardly drawn iron poles, preferably consist of iron alloyed with aluminum or silicon.