WO1980001698A1 - Symmetrisation process of the vertical magnetic field in igneous electrolysis cells located transversaly - Google Patents
Symmetrisation process of the vertical magnetic field in igneous electrolysis cells located transversaly Download PDFInfo
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- WO1980001698A1 WO1980001698A1 PCT/FR1980/000021 FR8000021W WO8001698A1 WO 1980001698 A1 WO1980001698 A1 WO 1980001698A1 FR 8000021 W FR8000021 W FR 8000021W WO 8001698 A1 WO8001698 A1 WO 8001698A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for symmetrizing the vertical magnetic field in high intensity electrolytic cells, connected in series and placed crosswise with respect to the axis of the series, intended for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in the molten cryolite.
- Each tank comprises a rectangular cathode forming a crucible, the bottom of which is constituted by carbon blocks sealed on steel bars called cathode bars, which serve to evacuate the current from the cathode to the anodes of the next tank.
- the anodes also made of carbon, are sealed on rods tightly clamped on aluminum bars, called anode bars, fixed on a superstructure which overhangs the crucible of the tank. These anode bars are connected by aluminum conductors called "mounted" to the cathode bars of the previous tank.
- the electrolysis bath that is to say the solution of alumina in cryolite.
- the aluminum produced is deposited on the cathode, an aluminum flywheel being constantly maintained at the bottom of the cathode crucible.
- the anode bars supporting the anodes are, in general, parallel to its long sides, while the cathode bars are parallel to its short sides, called tank heads.
- the tanks are arranged in rows, lengthwise or crosswise, depending on whether their long side or their short side is parallel to the axis of the file.
- the tanks are electrically connected in series, the ends of the series being connected to the positive and negative outputs of an electrical rectification and regulation substation.
- Each series of tanks comprises a certain number of lines connected in series, the number of lines being preferably even in order to avoid unnecessary lengths of conductors.
- the design of the tank and its connection conductors is studied so that the magnetic fields created by the different parts of the tank and the connection conductors compensate each other: this results in a tank having for plane of symmetry the vertical plane parallel to the line of tanks and passing through the center of the crucible.
- the tanks are also subjected to disturbing magnetic fields coming from the neighboring row or rows.
- upstream and downstream are understood with respect to the general direction of the electric current in the queue of tanks considered.
- neighbor file means the line closest to the line considered and by " field of the neighboring queue ", the result of the fields of all the queues other than the considered queue.
- the object of the invention is to produce a tank whose anode system is supplied by current inlets placed on the short sides of the tank and whose pattern of conductors between tanks is such that excellent magnetic field symmetry is achieved. vertical according to the following rule:
- the method, object of the invention which aims to symmetrize the vertical component of the magnetic field of the electrolysis cells placed across, that is to say to bring the vertical magnetic field to have substantially the same value absolute in the four angles of the tank, with alternately positive and negative signs when describing the perimeter of the tank, consists in modifying the distribution of the current in the supply conductors of the anode of a downstream tank from the cathode of the neighboring upstream tank by superimposing on the tank two electric loops producing an additional vertical magnetic field substantially equal to the average vertical magnetic field of the tank on its short side, and in opposite directions, these electric compensation loops being arranged under each short sides or "heads" of the tank and to pass, in an additional conductor a fraction or all of the current which flows through the collector r negative upstream, this additional conductor joining the same upstream collector along the large downstream side of the tank.
- the additional conductors are placed as high as possible under the tank, horizontally and parallel to the short sides of the tank and in such a way that the planes passing through the inside and outside conductor and through the internal edge of the anode on the short sides interior and exterior respectively make with the vertical a angle substantially equal to 45o.
- Figures 1 and 2 show schematically the position of the compensation conductor under the heads of the tank.
- Figure 3 shows the actual geometric arrangement of the compensation loop under one of the tank heads.
- Figure 4 shows schematically, in plan, the position of the connecting conductors between two successive tanks and the position of the compensation loops under the heads of one of the tanks (the upstream tank).
- the vertical magnetic field is calculated in each of the angles B 1 , B 2 , B, and B, of the tank, ie (figure 4):
- the upstream / downstream equations being understood with respect to the general direction of the current in the tank queue.
- the calculation of these fields is made taking into account the magnetic field created by the neighboring lines and the action on the field of the ferromagnetic masses located in the vicinity of the tank.
- Equations (1) are linear in Ii and le (the magnetic field being proportional to the intensity) and therefore make it possible to determine Ii and le.
- the vertical field created by the neighboring lines, on the one hand, and by the magnetic loops, on the other hand, is practically independent of the abscissa x, i.e. it has a constant value bz on all the small inner side and a constant value bz! all over the outside.
- Bz 4 Bz ' 4 + bz' - -Bz ' 1 + bz'
- Equations (1) result in:
- C represents the section of the compensating conductor seen at the end, and M, the point where the magnetic field to be compensated is the strongest;
- ⁇ is the angle made by the plane containing the compensation conductor C and the point M with the vertical.
- the compensating conductor must therefore be placed, as seen in FIG. 2, in such a way that the plane defined by the conductor and by the external angle of the anode makes an angle substantially equal to 45o with the vertical.
- FIG. 2 which diagrams a vertical section of the outer head of an electrolysis cell, (1) is the anode, (2) the molten electrolyte, (3) the layer of liquid aluminum, (4) the cathode block, (5) the lower angle of the anode in the vicinity of which the vertical magnetic field to be compensated is maximum and (6) the compensating conductor.
- FIG 3 which is a schematic perspective view of a head of an electrolysis cell, specifies the position and the layout of the compensation conductor (7). It comprises: a descent (8) from the upstream external negative conductor (9) to the level of the bottom of the tank (10), a horizontal passage (11) under the tank parallel to its short side (12), a rise (13) to the level of the downstream external negative collector (14), placed between the latter and the tank casing, and a return (15), parallel to the long side (16) of the tank, to reach the collector upstream exterior (9).
- the arrowed dotted line indicates how the electric loop generating the compensation field is formed.
- the bars cathodics are designated by the reference (17).
- An identical loop, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the series, is placed on the other head of the tank, as shown in Figure 4.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Under each head of the cells, a balance loop is arranged providing an additional vertical magnetic field, substantially equal to the mean vertical magnetic field of the cell on the small side thereof, and in opposite direction, and at least a fraction of the current which travels through the upstream negative collector is passed in each of these loops. Application to series of high intensity, igneous electrolysis cells, for the production of aluminium.
Description
PROCEDE DE SYMETRISATION DU CHAMP MAGNETIQUE VERTICAL DANS LES CUVES D'ELECTROLYSE IGNEE PLACEES EN TRAVERSPROCESS FOR SYMETRIZATION OF THE VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD IN IGNATED ELECTROLYSIS TANKS PLACED THROUGH
La présente invention concerne un procédé pour symétriser le champ magnétique vertical dans les cuves d'électrolyse à haute intensité, connectées en série et placées en travers par rapport à l'axe de la série, destinées à la production d'aluminium par électrolyse d'alumine dissoute dans la cryolithe fondue.The present invention relates to a method for symmetrizing the vertical magnetic field in high intensity electrolytic cells, connected in series and placed crosswise with respect to the axis of the series, intended for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in the molten cryolite.
Pour la bonne compréhension de ce qui suit, on rappelle que la production industrielle de l'aluminium s'opère par électrolyte ignée, dans des cuves connectées électriquement en série, d'une solution d'alumine dans de la cryolithe portée à une température de l'ordre de 950 à 1000º C par l'effet Joule du courant traversant la cuve.For the good understanding of what follows, it is recalled that the industrial production of aluminum takes place by igneous electrolyte, in tanks electrically connected in series, of a solution of alumina in cryolite brought to a temperature of around 950 to 1000º C by the Joule effect of the current passing through the tank.
Chaque cuve comprend une cathode rectangulaire formant creuset, dont le fond est constitué par des blocs de carbone scellés sur des barres d'acier dites barres cathodiques, qui servent à évacuer le courant de la cathode vers les anodes de la cuve suivante.Each tank comprises a rectangular cathode forming a crucible, the bottom of which is constituted by carbon blocks sealed on steel bars called cathode bars, which serve to evacuate the current from the cathode to the anodes of the next tank.
Les anodes, également en carbone, sont scellées sur des tiges fortement serrées sur des barres en aluminium, dites barres anodiques, fixées sur une superstructure qui surplombe le creuset de la cuve. Ces barres anodiques sont reliées par des conducteurs en aluminium dits "montés" aux barres cathodiques de la cuve précédente.The anodes, also made of carbon, are sealed on rods tightly clamped on aluminum bars, called anode bars, fixed on a superstructure which overhangs the crucible of the tank. These anode bars are connected by aluminum conductors called "mounted" to the cathode bars of the previous tank.
Entre les anodes et la cathode se trouve le bain d'électrolyse, c'est- à-dire la solution d'alumine dans de la cryolithe. L'aluminium produit se dépose sur la cathode, un volant d'aluminium étant constamment maintenu au fond du creuset cathodique.Between the anodes and the cathode is the electrolysis bath, that is to say the solution of alumina in cryolite. The aluminum produced is deposited on the cathode, an aluminum flywheel being constantly maintained at the bottom of the cathode crucible.
Le creuset étant rectangulaire, les barres anodiques supportant les anodes, sont, en général, parallèles à ses grands côtés, alors que les barres cathodiques sont parallèles à ses petits cotés, dits têtes de cuve.The crucible being rectangular, the anode bars supporting the anodes are, in general, parallel to its long sides, while the cathode bars are parallel to its short sides, called tank heads.
Les cuves sont rangées selon des files, en long ou en travers, suivant que leur grand côté ou leur petit côté est parallèle à l'axe de la
file. Les cuves sont branchées électriquement en série, les extrémité de la série étant reliées aux sorties positive et négative d'une sous station électrique de redressement et de régulation. Chaque série de cuves comprend un certain nombre de files branchées en série, le nombre des files étant, de préférence, pair afin d'éviter des longueurs inutiles de conducteurs.The tanks are arranged in rows, lengthwise or crosswise, depending on whether their long side or their short side is parallel to the axis of the file. The tanks are electrically connected in series, the ends of the series being connected to the positive and negative outputs of an electrical rectification and regulation substation. Each series of tanks comprises a certain number of lines connected in series, the number of lines being preferably even in order to avoid unnecessary lengths of conductors.
Le courant électrique qui parcourt les différents conducteurs : électrolyte , métal liquide , anodes, cathodes, conducteurs de liaison, crée des champs magnétiques importants. Ces champs induisent, dans le bain d'électrolyse et dans le métal fondu contenu dans le creuset, des forces dites de Laplace qui, par les mouvements qu'elles engendrent, sont nuisibles à la bonne marche de la cuve. Le dessin de la cuve et de ses conducteurs de liaison est étudié pour que les champs magnêtiques créés par les différentes parties de la cuve et les conducteurs de liaison se compensent : on aboutit ainsi à une cuve ayant pour plan de symétrie le plan vertical parallèle à la file de cuves et passant par le centre du creuset.The electric current which flows through the various conductors: electrolyte, liquid metal, anodes, cathodes, connecting conductors, creates significant magnetic fields. These fields induce, in the electrolysis bath and in the molten metal contained in the crucible, so-called Laplace forces which, by the movements they generate, are detrimental to the proper functioning of the tank. The design of the tank and its connection conductors is studied so that the magnetic fields created by the different parts of the tank and the connection conductors compensate each other: this results in a tank having for plane of symmetry the vertical plane parallel to the line of tanks and passing through the center of the crucible.
Cependant, les cuves sont également soumises à des champs magnétiques perturbateurs provenant de la ou des files voisines.However, the tanks are also subjected to disturbing magnetic fields coming from the neighboring row or rows.
Dans ce qui suit, les mots "amont" et "aval" s'entendent par rapport au sens général du courant électrique dans la file de cuves considéré On entend par "file voisine" la file la plus proche de la file considérée et par "champ de la file voisine", la résultante des champs de toutes les files autres que la file considérée.In what follows, the words "upstream" and "downstream" are understood with respect to the general direction of the electric current in the queue of tanks considered. The term "neighbor file" means the line closest to the line considered and by " field of the neighboring queue ", the result of the fields of all the queues other than the considered queue.
Le but de l'invention est de réaliser une cuve dont le système anodique soit alimenté par des arrivées de courant placées sur les petits côtés de la cuve et dont le dessin des conducteurs entre cuve soit tel qu'on réalise une excellente symétrie du champ magnétique vertical suivant la règle suivante :The object of the invention is to produce a tank whose anode system is supplied by current inlets placed on the short sides of the tank and whose pattern of conductors between tanks is such that excellent magnetic field symmetry is achieved. vertical according to the following rule:
- la valeur absolue de la composante Bz est la même dans les quatre angles,- the absolute value of the component Bz is the same in the four angles,
- le signe de Bz est alternativement positif et négatif quand on passe d'un angle de la cuve à l'autre en suivant son périmètre,- the sign of Bz is alternately positive and negative when one passes from one angle of the tank to the other following its perimeter,
Ce résultat est obtenu : a) compte tenu du champ magnétique crée par les files de cuves voisines,
b) compte tenu de la modification du champ magnétique due à la présence des pièces ferromagnétiques situées à proximité de la cuve. Bz désigne la composante du champ magnétique selon l'axe vertical Oz, dans un trièdre trirectangle de référence dont l'axe Ox est parallèle à l'axe de la série dans le sens du courant, le point 0 étant fixé au centre du plan cathodique.This result is obtained: a) taking into account the magnetic field created by the rows of neighboring tanks, b) taking into account the modification of the magnetic field due to the presence of ferromagnetic parts located near the tank. Bz designates the component of the magnetic field along the vertical axis Oz, in a trirectangle reference trihedron whose axis Ox is parallel to the axis of the series in the direction of the current, the point 0 being fixed at the center of the cathode plane .
Dans le brevet français 2 333 060 et le certificat d' addition 2 343 826 à ce brevet, on a décrit des moyens visant à compenser le champ magnétique créé par les files de cuves voisines en plaçant une boucle de courant sous la tête extérieure, c'est-à-dire sous le petit côté de la cuve le plus éloigné de la file la plus proche. Le dispositif utilisé consiste à dévier une partie du courant contournant la tête extérieure de la cuve en la faisant passer par un conducteur situé sous la cuve.In the French patent 2 333 060 and the certificate of addition 2 343 826 to this patent, means have been described aimed at compensating for the magnetic field created by the rows of neighboring vessels by placing a current loop under the outer head, c that is to say under the small side of the tank furthest from the nearest line. The device used consists in deflecting part of the current bypassing the outer head of the tank by passing it through a conductor located under the tank.
Le procédé, objet de l'invention, qui a pour but de symétriser la composante verticale du champ magnétique des cuves d'électrolyse placées en travers, c'est-à-dire d'amener le champ magnétique vertical à avoir sensiblement la même valeur absolue dans les quatres angles de la cuve, avec des signes alternativement positif et négatif quand on décrit le périmètre de la cuve, consiste à modifier la répartition du courant dans les conducteurs d'alimentation de l'anode d'une cuve aval à partir de la cathode de la cuve amont voisine en superposant à la cuve deux boucles électriques produisant un champ magnétique vertical supplémentaire sensiblement égal au champ magnétique vertical moyen de la cuve sur son petit côté, et de sens contraire, ces boucles électriques de compensation étant disposées sous chacun des petits côtés ou "têtes" de la cuve et à faire passer, dans un conducteur supplémentaire une fraction ou la totalité du courant qui parcourt le collecteur négatif amont, ce conducteur supplémentaire rejoignant le même collecteur amont en longeant le grand côté aval de la cuve.The method, object of the invention, which aims to symmetrize the vertical component of the magnetic field of the electrolysis cells placed across, that is to say to bring the vertical magnetic field to have substantially the same value absolute in the four angles of the tank, with alternately positive and negative signs when describing the perimeter of the tank, consists in modifying the distribution of the current in the supply conductors of the anode of a downstream tank from the cathode of the neighboring upstream tank by superimposing on the tank two electric loops producing an additional vertical magnetic field substantially equal to the average vertical magnetic field of the tank on its short side, and in opposite directions, these electric compensation loops being arranged under each short sides or "heads" of the tank and to pass, in an additional conductor a fraction or all of the current which flows through the collector r negative upstream, this additional conductor joining the same upstream collector along the large downstream side of the tank.
Les conducteurs supplémentaires sont placés le plus haut possible sous la cuve, horizontalement et parallèlement aux petits côtés de la cuve et de façon telle que les plans passant par le conducteur intérieur et extérieur et par l'arête intérieure de l'anode sur les petits côtés intérieur et extérieur respectivement fassent avec la verticale un
angle sensiblement égal à 45º.The additional conductors are placed as high as possible under the tank, horizontally and parallel to the short sides of the tank and in such a way that the planes passing through the inside and outside conductor and through the internal edge of the anode on the short sides interior and exterior respectively make with the vertical a angle substantially equal to 45º.
Les figures 1 et 2 schématisent la position du conducteur de compensation sous les têtes de la cuve.Figures 1 and 2 show schematically the position of the compensation conductor under the heads of the tank.
La figure 3 montre la disposition géométrique réelle de la boucle de compensation sous l'une des têtes de la cuve.Figure 3 shows the actual geometric arrangement of the compensation loop under one of the tank heads.
La figure 4 schématise, en plan, la position des conducteurs de liaison entre deux cuves successives et la position des boucles de compensation sous les têtes de l'une des cuves (la cuve amont).Figure 4 shows schematically, in plan, the position of the connecting conductors between two successive tanks and the position of the compensation loops under the heads of one of the tanks (the upstream tank).
Pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention, il faut tout d'abord déterminer les intensités Ii et le dans les boucles de compensation.For the implementation of the invention, it is first of all necessary to determine the intensities Ii and the in the compensation loops.
On calcule le champ magnétique vertical dans chacun des angles B1, B2, B, et B, de la cuve soit (figure 4) :The vertical magnetic field is calculated in each of the angles B 1 , B 2 , B, and B, of the tank, ie (figure 4):
Bz1 dans l'angle intérieur amontBz 1 in the upstream interior corner
Bz2 dans l'angle intérieur aval Bz3 dans l'angle extérieur aval Bz4 dans l'angle extérieur amont.Bz 2 in the downstream inside corner Bz 3 in the downstream outside corner Bz 4 in the upstream outside corner.
Les équations amont/aval étant entendues par rapport au sens général du courant dans la file de cuve. Le calcul de ces champs est fait en tenant compte du champ magnétique créé par les files voisines et de l'action sur le champ des masses ferromagnétiques situées au voisinage de la cuve.The upstream / downstream equations being understood with respect to the general direction of the current in the tank queue. The calculation of these fields is made taking into account the magnetic field created by the neighboring lines and the action on the field of the ferromagnetic masses located in the vicinity of the tank.
On écrit alors les deux équations suivantes : Bz1 + Bz2 = 0We then write the following two equations: Bz 1 + Bz 2 = 0
(1) Bz3 + Bz4 = 0(1) Bz 3 + Bz 4 = 0
Les équations (1) sont linéaires en Ii et le (le champ magnétique étant proportionnel à l'intensité) et permettent donc de déterminer Ii et le.Equations (1) are linear in Ii and le (the magnetic field being proportional to the intensity) and therefore make it possible to determine Ii and le.
Or, on sait qu'en l'absence des files voisines, la composante verticale Bz'1, Bz'2, Bz'3, Bz'4, du champ magnétique dans les quatre angles de la
cuve est antisymétrique en y , la cuve étant, par construction, symétrique par rapport au plan xOz ; on a donc :Now, we know that in the absence of neighboring lines, the vertical component Bz ' 1 , Bz' 2 , Bz ' 3 , Bz' 4 , of the magnetic field in the four angles of the tank is asymmetric in y, the tank being, by construction, symmetrical with respect to the plane xOz; So we have :
Bz' 1 = - Bz' 4 Bz ' 1 = - Bz' 4
Bz ' 2 = -Bz ' 3 Bz ' 2 = -Bz' 3
Le champ vertical créé par les files voisines, d'une part, et par les boucles magnétiques, d'autre part, est pratiquement indépendant de l'abscisse x, c'est-à-dire qu'il a une valeur constante bz sur tout le petit côté intérieur et une valeur constante bz! sur tout le côté extérieur.The vertical field created by the neighboring lines, on the one hand, and by the magnetic loops, on the other hand, is practically independent of the abscissa x, i.e. it has a constant value bz on all the small inner side and a constant value bz! all over the outside.
On a donc :So we have :
Bz1 = Bz' 1 + bzBz 1 = Bz ' 1 + bz
Bz2 = Bz' 2 + bz Bz3 = Bz' 3 + bz' = - Bz'2 + bz'Bz 2 = Bz ' 2 + bz Bz 3 = Bz' 3 + bz '= - Bz' 2 + bz '
Bz4 = Bz' 4 + bz' - -Bz'1 + bz'Bz 4 = Bz ' 4 + bz' - -Bz ' 1 + bz'
Les équations ( 1 ) entraînent :Equations (1) result in:
Le conducteur de compensation doit donc être placé, comme on le voit figure 2, de façon telle que le plan défini par le conducteur et par l'angle extérieur de l'anode fasse un angle sensiblement égal à 45º avec la verticale.The compensating conductor must therefore be placed, as seen in FIG. 2, in such a way that the plane defined by the conductor and by the external angle of the anode makes an angle substantially equal to 45º with the vertical.
Sur cette figure 2 qui schématise une coupe verticale de la tête extérieure d'une cellule d'électrolyse, (1) est l'anode, (2) l'électrolyte fondu, (3) la couche d'aluminium liquide, (4) le bloc cathodique, (5) l'angle inférieur de l'anode au voisinage duquel le champ magnétique vertical à compenser est maximal et (6) le conducteur de compensation.In this FIG. 2 which diagrams a vertical section of the outer head of an electrolysis cell, (1) is the anode, (2) the molten electrolyte, (3) the layer of liquid aluminum, (4) the cathode block, (5) the lower angle of the anode in the vicinity of which the vertical magnetic field to be compensated is maximum and (6) the compensating conductor.
La figure 3, qui est une vue schématique en perspective d'une tête d'une cellule d'électrolyse, précise la position et le tracé du conducteur de compensation (7). Il comporte : une descente (8) à partir du conducteur négatif extérieur amont (9) jusqu'au niveau du fond de la cuve (10), un passage horizontal (11) sous la cuve parallèlement à son petit côté (12), une remontée (13) jusqu'au niveau du collecteur négatif extérieur aval (14), placée entre ce dernier et le caisson de la cuve, et un retour (15), parallèlement au grand côté (16) de la cuve, pour rejoindre le collecteur extérieur amont (9). Le tracé en pointillé fléché indique comment se forme la boucle électrique génératrice du champ de compensation. Les barres
cathodiques sont désignées par le repère (17). Une boucle identique et symétrique par rapport à l'axe de la série, est disposée sur l'autre tête de la cuve, comme le montre la figure 4.Figure 3, which is a schematic perspective view of a head of an electrolysis cell, specifies the position and the layout of the compensation conductor (7). It comprises: a descent (8) from the upstream external negative conductor (9) to the level of the bottom of the tank (10), a horizontal passage (11) under the tank parallel to its short side (12), a rise (13) to the level of the downstream external negative collector (14), placed between the latter and the tank casing, and a return (15), parallel to the long side (16) of the tank, to reach the collector upstream exterior (9). The arrowed dotted line indicates how the electric loop generating the compensation field is formed. The bars cathodics are designated by the reference (17). An identical loop, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the series, is placed on the other head of the tank, as shown in Figure 4.
Sur une série du cuves de 90 kA, avec 14 m de distance entre files de cuves, on utilise le dispositif indiqué ci-dessus et on calcule, à partir des équations (1) :On a series of tanks of 90 kA, with a distance of 14 m between rows of tanks, we use the device indicated above and we calculate, from equations (1):
Ii = 9 kA environ le = 22,5 kA environIi = 9 kA approximately le = 22.5 kA approximately
On a mesuré sur ces cuves les champs magnétiques verticaux suivants, dans les angles :The following vertical magnetic fields were measured on these tanks, in the angles:
Bz1 = 31 GaussBz 1 = 31 Gauss
Bz2 = -40 Gauss Bz3 = 30 GaussBz 2 = -40 Gauss Bz 3 = 30 Gauss
Bz4 = -40 GaussBz 4 = -40 Gauss
La symétrie est donc réalisée de façon tout à fait satisfaisante. Sur une série de cuves identiques, mais non compensées, on a mesuré par comparaison les champs magnétiques verticaux suivants, dans les angles :Symmetry is therefore achieved quite satisfactorily. On a series of identical but uncompensated vessels, the following vertical magnetic fields were measured by comparison in the angles:
Bz1 = 55 GaussBz 1 = 55 Gauss
Bz2 = -25 Gauss Bz3 = 15 GaussBz 2 = -25 Gauss Bz 3 = 15 Gauss
Bz4 = -75 GaussBz 4 = -75 Gauss
Un tel déséquilibre affecte la bonne marche des cuves et se traduit par un rendement Faraday insuffisant.
Such an imbalance affects the good performance of the tanks and results in an insufficient Faraday yield.
Claims
REVENDICATIONS
1º) Procédé pour symétriser la composante verticale du champ magnétique des cuves d'électrolyse placées en travers, c'est-à-dire pour amener le champ magnétique vertical à avoir sensiblement la même valeur absolue dans les quatre angles de la cuve, avec des signes alternativement positif et négatif quand on décrit le périmètre de la cuve, selon lequel on modifie la répartition du courant dans les conducteurs d'alimentation de l'anode d'une cuve aval à partir de la cathode de la cuve amont voisine de façon à superposer à la cuve deux boucles électriques produisant un champ magnétique vertical supplémentaire sensiblement égal au champ magnétique vertical moyen de la cuve sur son petit côté, et de sens contraire, caractérisé en ce que les boucles électriques sont situées sous chacun des petits côtés de la cuve.1º) Method for symmetrizing the vertical component of the magnetic field of electrolytic cells placed across, that is to say to cause the vertical magnetic field to have substantially the same absolute value in the four angles of the cell, with signs alternately positive and negative when describing the perimeter of the tank, according to which the current distribution is modified in the supply conductors of the anode of a downstream tank from the cathode of the neighboring upstream tank so as to superimpose on the tank two electric loops producing an additional vertical magnetic field substantially equal to the average vertical magnetic field of the tank on its short side, and in opposite directions, characterized in that the electric loops are located under each of the short sides of the tank .
2º) Procédé pour symétriser le champ magnétique vertical des cuves, selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on forme une boucle de courant sous chaque tête de cuve, en faisant passer dans un conducteur supplémentaire au moins une fraction du courant qui parcourt le collecteur négatif amont, ce conducteur supplémentaire rejoignant le même collecteur amont en longeant le grand côté aval de la cuve .2º) Method for symmetrizing the vertical magnetic field of the tanks, according to claim 1, characterized in that a current loop is formed under each tank head, by passing through an additional conductor at least a fraction of the current flowing upstream negative collector, this additional conductor joining the same upstream collector along the large downstream side of the tank.
3º) Procédé pour symétriser le champ magnétique vertical des cuves, selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs supplémentaires sont placés le plus haut possible sous la cuve, horizontale ment et parallèlement aux petits côtés de la cuve, de façon telle que les plans passant par le conducteur intérieur et extérieur et par l'arête intérieure de l'anode sur les petits côtés intérieur et extérieur respectivement fassent avec la verticale un angle sensiblement égal à 45º.
3º) Method for symmetrizing the vertical magnetic field of the tanks, according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional conductors are placed as high as possible under the tank, horizontally and parallel to the short sides of the tank, so that the planes passing through the inner and outer conductor and through the inner edge of the anode on the inner and outer short sides respectively make an angle with the vertical substantially equal to 45º.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO802981A NO154845C (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-10-07 | PROCEDURE FOR SYMMETRIZING THE VERTICAL COMPONENT IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN AN ELECTRIC LIGHT CONTAINER. |
| BR8006605A BR8006605A (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-10-09 | SIMETRIZATION PROCESS OF THE VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD IN IGNEA ELECTROLYSIS VESSELS THROUGH DISPOSALS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7904476 | 1979-02-14 | ||
| FR7904476A FR2456792A1 (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1979-02-14 | PROCESS FOR SYMETRIZATION OF THE VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD IN IGNATED ELECTROLYSIS TANKS PLACED THROUGH |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1980001698A1 true WO1980001698A1 (en) | 1980-08-12 |
Family
ID=9222287
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1980/000021 WO1980001698A1 (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-02-11 | Symmetrisation process of the vertical magnetic field in igneous electrolysis cells located transversaly |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5853078B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR850000134B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU538792B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1130756A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH643601A5 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES488533A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2456792A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2041409B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR72478B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU184717B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN151875B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX152250A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY8400357A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8020036A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA06467A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL121660B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO81528B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1093255A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1980001698A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU42501B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4313811A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-02-02 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Arrangement of busbars for electrolytic cells |
| FR2522021A1 (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-26 | Sumitomo Aluminium Smelting Co | ELECTROLYTIC CELLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS642779U (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-01-10 | ||
| GB0200438D0 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2002-02-27 | Univ Coventry | Stabilisation of liquid metal electrolyte systems |
| RU2288976C1 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" | Module-type bus arrangement of aluminum producing electrolyzers |
| GB2563641A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-26 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Electrolysis plant using the Hall-Héroult process, with vertical magnetic field compensation |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3617454A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1971-11-02 | Arthur F Johnson | Bus structure from aluminum reduction cells |
| US3969213A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1976-07-13 | Nippon Light Metal Company Limited | Aluminum electrolytic cells |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2333060A1 (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-24 | Pechiney Aluminium | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPENSATION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELDS OF NEAR WIRES OF IGNEE ELECTROLYSIS TANKS PLACED THROUGH |
| US4090930A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1978-05-23 | Aluminum Pechiney | Method of and an apparatus for compensating the magnetic fields of adjacent rows of transversely arranged igneous electrolysis cells |
-
1979
- 1979-02-14 FR FR7904476A patent/FR2456792A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-02-11 NL NL8020036A patent/NL8020036A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-11 CH CH767380A patent/CH643601A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-11 YU YU348/80A patent/YU42501B/en unknown
- 1980-02-11 WO PCT/FR1980/000021 patent/WO1980001698A1/en unknown
- 1980-02-11 JP JP55500454A patent/JPS5853078B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-11 IN IN159/CAL/80A patent/IN151875B/en unknown
- 1980-02-12 GR GR61195A patent/GR72478B/el unknown
- 1980-02-12 AU AU55452/80A patent/AU538792B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-12 MX MX181156A patent/MX152250A/en unknown
- 1980-02-13 KR KR1019800000576A patent/KR850000134B1/en active
- 1980-02-13 PL PL1980221979A patent/PL121660B1/en unknown
- 1980-02-13 CA CA345,591A patent/CA1130756A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-13 HU HU80321A patent/HU184717B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-13 ES ES488533A patent/ES488533A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-13 GB GB8004738A patent/GB2041409B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-14 OA OA57027A patent/OA06467A/en unknown
- 1980-10-09 RO RO102321A patent/RO81528B/en unknown
- 1980-10-10 SU SU802992250A patent/SU1093255A3/en active
-
1984
- 1984-12-30 MY MY357/84A patent/MY8400357A/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3617454A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1971-11-02 | Arthur F Johnson | Bus structure from aluminum reduction cells |
| US3969213A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1976-07-13 | Nippon Light Metal Company Limited | Aluminum electrolytic cells |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4313811A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-02-02 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Arrangement of busbars for electrolytic cells |
| FR2522021A1 (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-26 | Sumitomo Aluminium Smelting Co | ELECTROLYTIC CELLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM |
| US4462885A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1984-07-31 | Sumitomo Aluminium Smelting Company, Limited | Conductor arrangement of electrolytic cells for producing aluminum |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RO81528B (en) | 1984-06-30 |
| CH643601A5 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
| IN151875B (en) | 1983-08-27 |
| JPS5853078B2 (en) | 1983-11-26 |
| MX152250A (en) | 1985-06-13 |
| YU34880A (en) | 1983-02-28 |
| YU42501B (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| FR2456792B1 (en) | 1981-05-29 |
| ES488533A1 (en) | 1980-10-01 |
| PL221979A1 (en) | 1980-11-03 |
| RO81528A (en) | 1984-05-12 |
| NL8020036A (en) | 1980-11-28 |
| KR830002065A (en) | 1983-05-21 |
| OA06467A (en) | 1981-07-31 |
| JPS55501185A (en) | 1980-12-25 |
| GB2041409B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| CA1130756A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
| SU1093255A3 (en) | 1984-05-15 |
| KR850000134B1 (en) | 1985-02-27 |
| FR2456792A1 (en) | 1980-12-12 |
| GB2041409A (en) | 1980-09-10 |
| PL121660B1 (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| AU5545280A (en) | 1980-08-21 |
| GR72478B (en) | 1983-11-11 |
| HU184717B (en) | 1984-10-29 |
| AU538792B2 (en) | 1984-08-30 |
| MY8400357A (en) | 1984-12-31 |
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