Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
  • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
  • A61B5/150213—Venting means
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
  • A61B5/150305—Packages specially adapted for piercing devices or blood sampling devices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150343—Collection vessels for collecting blood samples from the skin surface, e.g. test tubes, cuvettes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150351—Caps, stoppers or lids for sealing or closing a blood collection vessel or container, e.g. a test-tube or syringe barrel
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150755—Blood sample preparation for further analysis, e.g. by separating blood components or by mixing
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150763—Details with identification means
  • A61B5/150786—Optical identification systems, e.g. bar codes, colour codes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15142—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/04—Closures and closing means
  • B01L2300/041—Connecting closures to device or container
  • B01L2300/044—Connecting closures to device or container pierceable, e.g. films, membranes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/04—Closures and closing means
  • B01L2300/046—Function or devices integrated in the closure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
  • B01L2300/0609—Holders integrated in container to position an object
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
  • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
  • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
  • B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics
  • B01L2400/049—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics vacuum

Definitions

• This invention relates to devices and methods for the sampling of small metered samples of liquid.
• the invention is particularly although not exclusively applicable to the collection of samples of human blood drawn directly from patients and required for subsequent laboratory analysis or investigation.
• a sample of capillary blood may be taken from a drop of blood obtained by pricking a patient's finger.
• BACKGROUND ART It is standard practice in clinical work to transfer blood from such a drop into a fine glass capillary tube, which when filled thus contains a metered sample of fresh blood whose quantity is determined by the length and bore of the tube.
• the blood sample is then required to be transferred into a collection vessel containing a diluent which prevents clotting and deterioration of the blood sample.
• the collection vessel can then be closed and dispatched to the laboratory for analysis.
• Vacuum containers for receiving blood drawn from a patient by means of a hypodermic needle are known. But the safe transfer into a collecting vessel of a small metered blood sample which has been drawn up a capillary tube, presents practical difficulties.
• the present invention in one of its applications is concerned with providing an improved form of sampling and collector device and method for collecting and storing blood samples, the use of which will greatly facilitate the transfer of a blood sample from a capillary tube into a diluent-containing collection vessel.
• the invention may however be employed in the collection of small metered samples of any liquid which is capable of being drawn into a length of capillary tube by its own surface tension and which is required to be provided in small quantities for analysis or testing in connection with the improvement or control of any manufacture, for example samples of microbial cultures.
• the invention from one aspect comprises a device for use in conjunction with an open ended capillary tube for collecting a metered sample of liquid, the device comprising a vessel, e.g.
• a bottle or phial whose interior is sealed at a sub-atmospheric pressure and whose wall includes a thin perforable flexible membrane, the material and thickness of the nembrane being such that it can be pierced by one blunt end of the capillary tube without splitting, and when so pierced will grip and seal circumferentially around the external surface of the tube.
• the membrane is made of a flexible synthetic plastics material, for example polyvinyl chloride, polythene or other thermoplastic material.
• a rubber membrane would be unsuitable since, if thin enough to be pierced by the blunt end of a glass capillary tube without breakage of the tube, it would split and fail to seal around the tube.
• the vessel is made of a suitable polythene or other material the membrane may be formed integrally with the adjacent part of the vessel.
• the vessel may contain a quantity of other liquid if required, for example of diluent liquid for the sample liquid to be collected, whereby the sample liquid by going into solution or dispersion will be preserved from deterioration in the bottle.
• the liquid could be a reactant one, chosen to give an immediate colour change when reacted with a constituent of the fluid being sampled and collected.
• the vessel comprises a bottle provided with a tubular formation defining an open-topped well whose lower end defines an opening which leads into the interior of the bottle but is closed by the membrane extending across the said lower end, the well being dimensioned to receive a sampler element comprising an open-ended length of capillary tube, and a holder in which the tube is mounted with its opposite ends protruding from the respective opposite ends of the holder, the holder being a close sliding fit in the well, and the sampler element being slidably depressible in the well to cause the lower end of the capillary tube to pierce the membrane.
• the tubular formation comprises an invagination in the wall of the bottle, for example in its upper wall.
• the bottle is preferably transparent and is preferably provided with a removable cap which can be applied to the mouth of the well to close the' latter and to enclose a sampler element therein.
• the cap itself may be utilized as the means for depressing the sampler element by bearing on the upper end of the holder when the cap is being applied and is approaching its fully-home position closing the well.
• the cap may be prevented from reaching its fullyhome position by means of a removable spacer element, for example a washer or a hollow internal protective element, which when in position prevents the cap from depressing the element sufficiently for piercing of the membrane to take place.
• the cap may be screw threaded, and may be screwed into or onto a co-operating screw thread formed either on a projecting neck of the bottle which defines at least the mouth of the well, or in the upper end of the well itself, whereby when the cap is being fully screwed down the final portion of its travel depresses the sampler element to cause the capillary tube to pierce the membrane; and the removable spacer element when in position between the cap and the bottle prevents this final portion of the screwingdown travel of the cap.
• the bottle itself may be conveniently made of a transparent resilient plastics material, for example polythene or polyvinyl chloride, whereby in a "squeezed condition the resilience of the wall of the bottle creates the sub-atmospheric pressure in its interior.
• a transparent resilient plastics material for example polythene or polyvinyl chloride
• the invention further comprises the combination of the device referred to, comprising the sealed vessel, with a length of capillary tube suitable for receiving a sample of the liquid to be tested, for example blood, to be drawn into its bore by capillary action.
• the capillary tube may be made of glass, or of some other material having appropriate surface tension characteristics, for example PERSPEX (R.T.M) , and is preferably mounted in the holder as referred to.
• a method of sampling liquid comprises applying one end of an open-ended length of capillary tube to a quantity of the liquid to be sampled, to cause a metered quantity of the liquid to be drawn up into the bore of the capillary tube by capillary action, providing a vessel which is sealed at a subatmospheric internal pressure and has a thin perforable flexible membrane as a part of its wall, and forcing one end of the filled capillary tube through the membrane, whereby the liquid sample in the capillary tube bore is drawn into the interior of the vessel by the difference between the external and the internal pressure, the material and thickness of the membrane being such that it is capable of being pierced by the end of the capillary tube and, when so pierced, of gripping around the circumferential surface of the capillary tube with a sealing action to prevent significant ingress of air into the vessel past the exterior of the tube.
• the invention includes amongst its advantages the provision of a collector vessel e.g. a bottle, which is initially sealed at a sub-atmospheric pressure, and into whose interior a small metered liquid sample in a capillary tube will be automatically drawn directly and without exposure to the atmosphere by the pressure differential, simply by the action of depressing the samplecontaining capillary to cause it to pierce the membrane, which will thereupon seal around the capillary tube to prevent the ingress of atmospheric air into the vessel.
• a collector vessel e.g. a bottle
• a collector vessel e.g. a bottle
• the bottle can be used to support the capillary tube during the actual drawing of a blood sample into the tube from a blood spot; and that the transfer of the blood sample into the interior of the collector bottle can be effected simply by screwing a cap fully back onto the bottle.
• Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a blood sample collector
• Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sections on the line II-II and III-III respectively of Figure 1;
• Figure 4A is a perspective view of the collector of Figure 1 with its cap and spacer washer in position;
• Figure 4B shows the collector with the cap removed and the spacer washer in position;
• Figure 4C shows the collector with the spacer washer also removed;
• Figure 4D shows, the collector with the cap replaced in the absence of the spacer washer, and with the capillary tube in the depressed position projecting through the membrane into the interior of the collector vessel;
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of the sampler element;
• Figures 6 and 7 are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and 4B, showing a modified embodiment of the invention which employs, instead of a spacer washer, a spacer element in the form of a rigid hollow inner protective cover to overlie the top of the capillary tube and its holder within the screwed cap; and
• Figures 8A and 8B are perspective views respectively from above and below of the inner protective cover in Figures 6 and 7.
• the capillary blood collector shown in Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings comprises a collector bottle 10 of oval cross-section made of a moulded resilient transparent plastics material, for example polythene or polyvinyl chloride.
• the bottle is formed in two parts joined by welding along a suitable weld line and has a screw-threaded neck 11 and an internal tube 12 which projects inwards from the top wall 13 of the bottle 10 below the neck towards the bottom of the bottle 10 to form an invagination.
• the interror of the tube 12 is a continuation of the bore of the neck 11, and is closed at the lower end of the tube 12 by means of an integral thin plastics membrane 15, extending across the end of the tube 12.
• the membrane 15 may be of polythene film.
• the bore of the tube 12 and the throat of the neck 11 together form an open-topped well 14 whose bottom is the membrane 15.
• a sampler element 16 comprising an open ended capillary tube 17 of glass mounted in a moulded plastics holder 18 is removably inserted into the well 14 in the tube 12, with the lower end of the tube 17 resting above the membrane 15 and with the upper parts of the capillary tube 17 and of its holder 18 projecting above the neck 11 of the bottle 10.
• the holder 18 is formed with, say, four longitudinal flutes in its sides, giving it a star-shaped crosssection with longitudinal ribs which slide easily in the well 14, reducing friction between the holder 18 and the tube 12 and allowing air to escape along the flutes from the interior of the well 14 when the holder is inserted.
• the bottle 10 is sealed during manufacture with the membrane 15 in position and with its interior at a sub-atmospheric pressure, produced by squeezing the bottle prior to and during its sealing so that the resilience of the walls of the bottle when they attempt to relax after it has been sealed produces a reduction in pressure in its interior.
• the bottle 10 contains a measured quantity of selected diluent liquid 19, the choice of which depends upon the blood analysis or tests which are to be performed on a blood sample when collected in the device and dispersed in the diluent.
• a substantially rigid moulded cap 20 with an internal screw thread 21 is provided together with a removable spacer washer 22.
• a circum ferential shoulder 23 in the interior of the cap 20 defines a central recess 24 to receive the upper end of the capillary tube 17.
• the cap can be screwed further down until the shoulder 23 bears down on the upper ends of the four longitudinal ribs of the holder 18 to depress the sampler element in the well 14 and force the blunt lower end of the tube 17 through the membrane.
• Longitudinal grooves 25 are formed in the exterior of the neck 11, intersecting the screw thread on the neck, to act as vents to the capillary tube 17 in the central recess 24 of the cap 20, 'via the flutes in the holder 18, when the cap 20 is being screwed down.
• the device is supplied with a clean sampler element 16 in the well 14, and with the washer 22 in position and the cap 20 screwed down onto the washer, as shown in Figures 1 and 4A, to protect the sampler element from damage and contamination.
• the cap 20 and the capillary hoider 18 may be colour-coded to indicate the particular diluent liquid which is contained in the bottle 10. To use the device, the cap 20 is unscrewed and the spacer washer 22 removed.
• a patient's finger or some other part of the skin is pricked to produce a drop of fresh blood, and the upper end of the capillary tube supported in the well 14 of the bottle and protruding from the neck 11 is placed in the drop by an operator holding the body of the bottle, so that a metered quantity of the blood is taken from the patient and is drawn into the bore of the capillary tube by capillary action due to surface tension.
• the capillary tube can be viewed through the transparent bottle 10 and tube 12, so that the operator can see when the tube 17 is filled.
• An indicator line 10A on the wall of the bottle 10 opposite the lower end of the tube would assist the operator in seeing the end of the tube to judge when it is filled.
• cap 20 is then replaced, and in the absence of the spacer washer 22, the cap can be screwed down further onto the neck 11 so that the shoulder 23 engages the upper ends of the ribs on the holder 18 and depresses the element 16 in the well 14, driving the lower end of the capillary tube 17 through the membrane 15; the rim of the aperture thus pierced through the membrane will grip resiliently around the circumferential surface of the tube 17 thus sealing it and preventing the ingress of air past the outside of the tube.
• the sub-atmospheric pressure in the interior of the bottle 10 draws the blood sample from the capillary bore of the . tube 17 into the bottle 10 where it mixes with the diluent liquid.
• the vent grooves 25 in the screw-thread on the neck 11 of the bottle allow air to pass into the interior of the cap 20 and, via the flutes of the holder 18 and the recess 24, into the upper end of the capillary tube to replace the blood being sucked into the bottle, as the cap is being screwed down.
• the cap is finally screwed down firmly onto the top wall 13 of the bottle, as shown in Figure 4D, it seals the bottle against the escape of its contents, as well as covering those parts of the container neck and the capillary tube and holder which may be contaminated with blood.
• the closed bottle can now be despatched to the laboratory where appropriate analysis of the diluted blood contained in it can be carried out.
• this may be a polythene membrane of 125 ⁇ m (500 gauge). This is suitable for use with a glass capillary tube of 20 ⁇ l capacity, 28.5 mm. long with an internal diameter of 0.83 mm and a wall thickness of 0.2 mm.
• the optimum thickness of the membrane 15 will depend upon the material of the membrane and the external diameter of the capillary tube to be used. The practical minimum and maximum limits of thickness of a polythene membrane are approximately 65 ⁇ m (250 gauge) and 250 ⁇ m (1000 gauge). A thinner membrane will be too fragile, and one of greater thickness than
• a capillary tube of larger cross-section e.g. 1.2mm. internal diameter and wall thickness 0.2 mm, can be used with a polythene membrane up to say 125 ⁇ m , but not with a thicker polythene membrane as it would punch a hole in the membrane which would not grip resiliently around the exterior of the capillary tube to seal it.
• the bottle 10 instead of being resilient could be made of rigid glass or plastics material, sealed under a sub-atmospheric pressure.
• Figures 6 to 8B show a modification of the device of Figures 1 to 5 in which no spacer washer 22 is provided between the screwed cap 20 and the wall 13 of the bottle 10, but instead a removable hollow internal protective cover element 50 is provided as a spacer device.
• the internal protective cover 50 is shown in detail in Figures 8A and 8B, and is made of substantially-rigid plastics material, for example an acrylic plastic such as PERSPEX (R.T.M.). It has a cylindrical side wall stepped at 51 , with a closed upper end 52 and a radial flange 53 at its lower end.
• the protective cover fits over the upper part of the holder 18 and over the protruding upper end of the capillary tube 17 when the sampler element 16 is in position in the well 14 above the unperforated sealing membrane 15.
• the flange 53 of the cover 50 rests on the top of the neck 11 of the bottle, and its step 51 provides an abutment against which the shoulder 23 of the cap 20 abuts, to prevent the cap being screwed down sufficiently to depress the sampler element 16.
• the protective cover 50 also protects the exposed upper end of the capillary tube from contamination or damage when the screw cap 20 has been removed.
• the screw cap 20 is unscrewed from the bottle neck 11 and is removed, and the inner protective cover 50 is then removed from its position covering the sampler element 16.
• a blood sample is then drawn into the capillary tube as previously described, and the screw cap 20 is then replaced without the protective cover 50 in position.
• the screw cap 20 is then screwed fully down to depress the sampler element 16, piercing the membrane 15 so that the blood sample is transferred into the interior of the bottle as already described with reference to Figures 1 to 5.
• the resilient plastics bottle 10 of either of the illustrated embodiments has been sealed in a "squeezed" condition during manufacture, as described, it may be found that if the device is kept in store for a prolonged period before use, air will permeate through the plastics wall of the bottle allowing its wall to relax and the internal air pressure to approach atmospheric.
• the bottle may be designed to be "re-squeezed" before use.
• the bottle may be provided with a simple one-way check valve, e.g.
• the top portion of the bottle including the neck with the screw cap and the sealed inwardly-projecting tube 12 containing the sampler element may be removable as a unit from the top wall of the bottle; or the bottle may be provided with a removable lower end portion.
• a suitable screwthreaded or "snap-on" air-tight connection with the remainder of the bottle will be provided for such removable top or bottom portion of the bottle.
• the bottle may be made of an impervious rigid material such as glass, and be sealed in manufacture at the required subatmospheric internal pressure, as described, thereby avoiding any problem of loss of vacuum in storage.
• the invention is capable of industrial exploitation in the field of devices for surgical or medical use, and provides a method and device for use in sampling and storing small metered blood samples, or other liquid samples, e.g. of microbial cultures, prior to analysis; and also in the use of similar devices in other industrial fields where small metered samples of industrial liquid are required to be taken-and stored in a protected condition.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

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Cited By (16)

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Citations (6)

• 1979
  • 1979-05-24 JP JP50079979A patent/JPS55500366A/ja active Pending
  • 1979-05-24 WO PCT/GB1979/000077 patent/WO1979001131A1/en unknown
• 1980
  • 1980-01-03 EP EP79900523A patent/EP0018380A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (6)

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