USRE8237E - Improvement in compositions for making hydraulic cement - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE.

CLEAVELAND F. DUNDERDALE, OF KINGSTON, NEW YORK.

. IMPROVEMENT INzCOMlOSITIONS FOR MAKING HYDRAULIC CEMENT.

.T W m q arfi or fetter; retest-mutant, died October 2, is)? Reissue No. 8,237, dated May 21, 1878 application filed May 3, 1878.

To all whom it may concern: 4

Be it known that I, .OLEAVELAND F. DUN- DERDALE, of the city of Kingston, in the county of'Ulster and State of New York, have invented a Composition for Making Hydraulic Cement, of which the following is a specification: I

The nature .of the invention consists. in the artificial admixture of two or more clays or marls, or infusorial silica and a clay or marl, withlime or the carbonate thereof.

I use, by preference, a mixture of an aluminous marl with a'silieious marl, ora fusible clay with a refractory clay, or an aluminous or silicious marl with a fusible or arefractory clay, or a clay rich in silica, in the finely-divided state, with a clay rich in alumina, or

- infuserial silica with any silicate of'alumina,

in combination with lime, in the desired proportions, either in the form of quicklime' or the carbonate thereof. a

Among the clays rich in silica may be named potters clay, slip (glazing) clay, common brickclays, as well as infusorial silica; and among the clays rich in alumina may be named fireclay, kaolin, and some of the blue, red, and

brown clays.

The refractory (fire-proof) or fusible character of a clay is determined by the quantity of iron oxides and alumina, especially the latter, that may be. contained in its composition. Thelarger the amount of alumina present the more refractory the character, and the larger the amount of silica and iron oxides present, withimlimits. especially the iron.- oxides, the more easily fusible will be theclay. I find, in practice, that an easily-fusible clay mixed with a refractory one, and both with lime, or the carbonate thereof, when burned at the white heat essential to make a true hydraulic cement, produce a better result, owing possibly to the presence of the iron in themixture, which facilitates the combination of the lime, alumina, and silica with each other, as well as. with it, into 'the double silicates of lime and alumina.

To prepare the cement, take of a fusible clay, as potters clay, which contains, by analysis, about, of silica, sixty-one per cent. alumina, twenty-four percent; oxides of iron, seven and .a half per cent; and lime, one-half of one per cent., say two parts, by weight; and of a refractory clay, as fire-clay, which con- Iand a half per cent., and alumina, thirty-two and a half per cent., (the remainder being mostly water,) say one part, by weight, with 'about five and three-quarters parts, by weight,

of quick or caustic lime, or ten parts of the carbonate thereof. These should be thoroughly ground and mixed together, which can be a best done in awash mill with water, after which the water should be removed by drying,

and the mixture burned at a white heat for v several hours until it reaches the semi-vitrified state, which may be done in any of the imground' into a for use.

The object of using two or more clays or marls, or a clay and a marl, or a clay or a marl with infusorial silica, the clays or marls each being of a diflerent character, with lime or the carbonate thereof, is to obtain the requisite of the different ingredients during the time it is subjected to the white heat in the kiln, and

the formation of the double silicates ofalumina and lime. I In using infusorial silica, instead of one of per cent., lime, one andone-half per cent.; magnesia, five and one-seventh per cent; and;

water, two per cent. Imix therewith or add thereto the infusorial silica in sufficient quantity to bring the proportions of silica to from two to two and a half times that of the alumina; and to every one part of this mixture 1 add one and threefourths part, by weight,.of

lime or the carbonate thereof,or more, as may be found desirable. These are then thortains, by analysis, about, of silica, forty-three proved forms of kilns, after which it should be fine powder, when it is ready quantity, in the proper form, of silica, alumina, oxides of iron, and lime to secure the proper: 1 chemical combination, in the right proportion-s,

the aforesaid clays or marls, as might be sea oughly ground and incorporated together, pref-' erably in water, then burned and again ground, as before mentioned. These proportions can be varied withoutserious in ury resulting to the cement. Therefore I do not confine myself'to the exact proportions herein mentioned;

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a composition for making hydraulic cement, the combination of a refractory clay rich in alumina and a fusible clay rich in silicic acid, with lime or its carbonate, for the purpose herein set forth. a 1

2. A composition for making hydraulic cement, consisting of the artificial admixture ofv a marl (calcareous clay) with a silicate of alumina, and a marl rich in silica with one rich in a1umina, with lime or the carbonate thereof, for the purposes as herein set forth.

3. A composition for making hydraulic cement, consisting of the artificial admixture of infusorial silica and a silicate of alumina with lime or the carbonate thereof for thepurpose as herein set forth and described.

GLEAYELAND F. DUNDERDALE.

Vlfitnesse's:

A. F. DUNDERDALE, WM. H. SMITH.