USRE48905E1 - Electrolytes for capacitors - Google Patents
Electrolytes for capacitors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE48905E1 USRE48905E1 US14/534,357 US201414534357A USRE48905E US RE48905 E1 USRE48905 E1 US RE48905E1 US 201414534357 A US201414534357 A US 201414534357A US RE48905 E USRE48905 E US RE48905E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- acid
- ammonium
- group
- mixtures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- MDUBPQGQPBQGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(C)C([O-])=O MDUBPQGQPBQGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- JSLISSGEILAIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chloro-2-iodophenyl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1I JSLISSGEILAIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)C(O)=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940039409 ammonium valerate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- YLLPNCVKLGHBDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;methyl butanoate Chemical compound N.CCCC(=O)OC YLLPNCVKLGHBDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;propanoic acid Chemical compound N.CCC(O)=O XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KNWIDSLTUVLFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(C)(C)C([O-])=O KNWIDSLTUVLFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YNTQKXBRXYIAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;butanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCC([O-])=O YNTQKXBRXYIAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical group COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylformamide Chemical compound CCNC=O KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BWRBVBFLFQKBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O BWRBVBFLFQKBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SUGXZLKUDLDTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O SUGXZLKUDLDTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ARKIFHPFTHVKDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ARKIFHPFTHVKDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KKTRZAZFCRHFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC=CC1(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O KKTRZAZFCRHFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CFBYEGUGFPZCNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CFBYEGUGFPZCNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CMWKITSNTDAEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=O CMWKITSNTDAEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WGYFINWERLNPHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitroanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WGYFINWERLNPHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CWNPOQFCIIFQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 CWNPOQFCIIFQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KFIRODWJCYBBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C(O)=O KFIRODWJCYBBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YQYGPGKTNQNXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 YQYGPGKTNQNXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JKTYGPATCNUWKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JKTYGPATCNUWKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SLBQXWXKPNIVSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1C(O)=O SLBQXWXKPNIVSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BNUHAJGCKIQFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroanisol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BNUHAJGCKIQFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 claims 7
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229940095574 propionic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- FYKHWKNFKLTGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1.OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 FYKHWKNFKLTGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/0425—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material specially adapted for cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G2009/05—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure consisting of tantalum, niobium, or sintered material; Combinations of such electrodes with solid semiconductive electrolytes, e.g. manganese dioxide
Definitions
- This invention is directed to an electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors. More particularly, the present invention relates to an electrolyte for high voltage wet tantulum or aluminum capacitors.
- the present electrolyte is suitable for an electrolytic capacitor and includes water and an organic solvent having an ammonium salt of a relatively weak organic acid dissolved therein.
- the organic acid is used to achieve an appropriate pH, conductivity, and breakdown voltage for a particular capacitor application.
- An exemplary capacitor includes an anode of a valve metal such as aluminum or tantalum provided with an oxide film on the surface as a dielectric.
- the oxide film is typically formed by an anodizing process.
- the anode is kept from contacting a cathode by a separator disposed there between.
- the separator is impregnated with the present electrolyte.
- the electrolyte has a relatively high conductivity and breakdown voltage, which ensures that the capacitor exhibits low series resistance while withstanding high voltage.
- the electrolyte impregnated separator provides the conductivity between the anode and the cathode while supporting the rated voltage.
- the electrolyte impregnated separator also helps heal the dielectric oxide film on the anode during operation.
- An electrolyte according to the present invention preferably contains the following constituents, by weight: about 1% to about 80% de-ionized water and 0% to about 80% of an organic solvent along with about 1% to about 80% isobutyric acid and about 0.5% to about 50% of concentrated ammonium salt (28%).
- the organic solvent includes, but is not limited to, glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable glycols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable glycol ethers include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable amides include formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable nitriles include acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof.
- Cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are also useful solvents or co-solvents as are carbonates, both linear and cyclic.
- Suitable linear and cyclic carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylenes carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
- Ammonium hydroxide is added to react with the acid to form an ammonium salt in situ that provides electrical conductivity. Electrolyte pH and conductivity can be adjusted by the amount of ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium hydroxide can be substituted by an ammonium salt of the corresponding acid constituent. Examples of these salts are ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
- the electrolytes of the present invention are useful for not only conventional electrolytic capacitors, but also those of the electrolytic/electrochemical hybrid type.
- Capacitor cathodes commonly used in electrolytic capacitors include etched aluminum foil in aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and those commonly used in wet tantalum capacitors such as of silver, sintered valve metal powders, platinum black, and carbon.
- the cathode of hybrid capacitors include a pseudocapacitive coating of a transition metal oxide, nitride, carbide or carbon nitride, the transition metal being selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, iron, niobium, iridium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhodium, vanadium, osmium, palladium, platinum, and nickel.
- the pseudocapacitive coating is deposited on a conductive substrate such as of titanium or tantalum.
- the electrolytic/electrochemical hybrid capacitor has high energy density and is particularly useful for implantable medical devices such as a cardiac defibrillator.
- the anode is of a valve metal consisting of the group vanadium, niobium, tantalum, aluminum, titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
- the anode can be a foil, etched foil, sintered powder, or any other form of porous substrate of these metals.
- a preferred chemistry for a hybrid capacitor comprises a cathode electrode of a porous ruthenium oxide film provided on a titanium substrate coupled with an anode of a sintered tantalum powder pressed into a pellet.
- the cathode and anode electrodes are segregated from each other by a suitable separator material impregnated with the present working electrolyte.
- a capacitor is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,894,403, 5,920,455 and 5,926,632. These patents are assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.
- Electrolytes of present invention may also contain phosphoric acid, an inorganic phosphate or an organic phosphate as an additive to improve anode stability.
- organic phosphates are trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, triisopropylphosphate, and mxtures thereof.
- electrolytes of present invention may contain a nitroaromatic depolarizer to prevent cathodic gassing during operation.
- Suitable nitroaromatic compounds include, but are not limited to 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroace tophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the present electrolyte is useful for capacitors having an operating range of about 175 volts to about 400 volts while maintaining high conductivity.
- the preferred ruthenium oxide/tantalum hybrid capacitor provides high energy density at voltages of at least about 175 volts, such as is required in an implantable medical device, for example, a cardiac defibrillator. For this reason, it is important that the electrolyte have a high breakdown voltage, high conductivity, suitable pH and good chemical stability over the operating life of the device.
- the present electrolyte is chemically compatible over time with the other capacitor components and capacitor materials, even at temperatures of about 105° C. This means that the electrolyte does not generate gas or promote corrosion of the other capacitor components at that temperature.
- One exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 1.
- the anode breakdown voltage measurements set forth in the below tables were conducted using a tantalum anode at room temperature.
- Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 3.
- Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 5.
- Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 7.
- Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 9.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is directed to an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor. The capacitor has an electrolytic anode and an electrochemical cathode. The electrolyte has water, a water soluble organic salt, and a relatively weak organic acid. This electrolyte is chemically compatible to aluminum and tantalum oxide dielectrics and withstands higher voltage while maintaining good conductivity. This makes the electrolyte especially useful for high voltage applications, such as occur in an implantable cardiac defibrillator.
Description
This application is a reissue of application Ser. No. 10/354,324, filed on Jan. 30, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117, which claims priority from U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/353,895, filed on Jan. 31, 2002.
This invention is directed to an electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors. More particularly, the present invention relates to an electrolyte for high voltage wet tantulum or aluminum capacitors.
The present electrolyte is suitable for an electrolytic capacitor and includes water and an organic solvent having an ammonium salt of a relatively weak organic acid dissolved therein. The organic acid is used to achieve an appropriate pH, conductivity, and breakdown voltage for a particular capacitor application.
An exemplary capacitor includes an anode of a valve metal such as aluminum or tantalum provided with an oxide film on the surface as a dielectric. The oxide film is typically formed by an anodizing process. The anode is kept from contacting a cathode by a separator disposed there between. The separator is impregnated with the present electrolyte. The electrolyte has a relatively high conductivity and breakdown voltage, which ensures that the capacitor exhibits low series resistance while withstanding high voltage. As such, the electrolyte impregnated separator provides the conductivity between the anode and the cathode while supporting the rated voltage. The electrolyte impregnated separator also helps heal the dielectric oxide film on the anode during operation.
These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become increasingly more apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description.
An electrolyte according to the present invention preferably contains the following constituents, by weight: about 1% to about 80% de-ionized water and 0% to about 80% of an organic solvent along with about 1% to about 80% isobutyric acid and about 0.5% to about 50% of concentrated ammonium salt (28%). The organic solvent includes, but is not limited to, glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable glycols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable glycol ethers include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable amides include formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable nitriles include acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof.
Cyclic esters such as γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are also useful solvents or co-solvents as are carbonates, both linear and cyclic. Suitable linear and cyclic carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylenes carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
Isobutyric acid can act as both a solvent and a solute. While isobutyric acid is preferred, other relatively weak organic acids of the general formula of cnH2+nO2 (where n=2 to 7) are acceptable. Examples are butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid (pentanoic acid), methylbutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof, among others coming under the purview of the above formula.
Ammonium hydroxide is added to react with the acid to form an ammonium salt in situ that provides electrical conductivity. Electrolyte pH and conductivity can be adjusted by the amount of ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium hydroxide can be substituted by an ammonium salt of the corresponding acid constituent. Examples of these salts are ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
The electrolytes of the present invention are useful for not only conventional electrolytic capacitors, but also those of the electrolytic/electrochemical hybrid type. Capacitor cathodes commonly used in electrolytic capacitors include etched aluminum foil in aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and those commonly used in wet tantalum capacitors such as of silver, sintered valve metal powders, platinum black, and carbon. The cathode of hybrid capacitors include a pseudocapacitive coating of a transition metal oxide, nitride, carbide or carbon nitride, the transition metal being selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, iron, niobium, iridium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhodium, vanadium, osmium, palladium, platinum, and nickel. The pseudocapacitive coating is deposited on a conductive substrate such as of titanium or tantalum. The electrolytic/electrochemical hybrid capacitor has high energy density and is particularly useful for implantable medical devices such as a cardiac defibrillator.
The anode is of a valve metal consisting of the group vanadium, niobium, tantalum, aluminum, titanium, zirconium and hafnium. The anode can be a foil, etched foil, sintered powder, or any other form of porous substrate of these metals.
A preferred chemistry for a hybrid capacitor comprises a cathode electrode of a porous ruthenium oxide film provided on a titanium substrate coupled with an anode of a sintered tantalum powder pressed into a pellet. The cathode and anode electrodes are segregated from each other by a suitable separator material impregnated with the present working electrolyte. Such a capacitor is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,894,403, 5,920,455 and 5,926,632. These patents are assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.
Electrolytes of present invention may also contain phosphoric acid, an inorganic phosphate or an organic phosphate as an additive to improve anode stability. The examples of organic phosphates are trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, triisopropylphosphate, and mxtures thereof.
Finally, electrolytes of present invention may contain a nitroaromatic depolarizer to prevent cathodic gassing during operation. Suitable nitroaromatic compounds include, but are not limited to 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroace tophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof.
The present electrolyte is useful for capacitors having an operating range of about 175 volts to about 400 volts while maintaining high conductivity. The preferred ruthenium oxide/tantalum hybrid capacitor provides high energy density at voltages of at least about 175 volts, such as is required in an implantable medical device, for example, a cardiac defibrillator. For this reason, it is important that the electrolyte have a high breakdown voltage, high conductivity, suitable pH and good chemical stability over the operating life of the device.
The present electrolyte is chemically compatible over time with the other capacitor components and capacitor materials, even at temperatures of about 105° C. This means that the electrolyte does not generate gas or promote corrosion of the other capacitor components at that temperature.
The following examples describe the manner and process of a capacitor according to the present invention, and they set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventors of carrying out the invention, but they are not to be construed as limiting.
One exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 1. The anode breakdown voltage measurements set forth in the below tables were conducted using a tantalum anode at room temperature.
TABLE 1 | ||||
Components | Wt. % | Amount | ||
ethylene glycol | 39.17 | 89.8 | (ml) | ||
deionized water | 52.88 | 135.0 | (ml) | ||
isobutyric acid | 6.0 | 16.1 | (ml) | ||
ammonium hydroxide (28%) | 1.5 | 4.3 | (ml) | ||
phosphoric acid (85%) | 0.06 | 0.09 | (ml) | ||
p-nitrophenol | 0.4 | 1.0 | (g) | ||
It was determined that the above electrolyte had the physical characteristics listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2 | ||||
pH | 4.9 | |||
Conductivity | 7.1 | mS/cm | ||
Anode Breakdown | 395 | volts | ||
Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 3.
TABLE 3 | ||||
Components | Wt. % | Amount | ||
ethylene glycol | 39.71 | 359.4 | (ml) | ||
deionized water | 55.6 | 560.0 | (ml) | ||
isobutyric acid | 3.0 | 31.6 | (ml) | ||
ammonium hydroxide (28%) | 1.3 | 14.0 | (ml) | ||
phosphoric acid (85%) | 0.06 | 0.36 | (ml) | ||
p-nitrophenol | 0.4 | 4.0 | (g) | ||
It was determined that the above electrolyte had the physical characteristics listed in Table 4.
TABLE 4 | ||||
pH | 5.4 | |||
Conductivity | 6.9 | mS/cm | ||
Anode Breakdown | 400 | volts | ||
Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 5.
TABLE 5 | ||||
Components | Wt. % | Amount | ||
ethylene glycol | 18.2 | 18.0 (ml) | ||
deionized water | 9.1 | 10.0 (ml) | ||
isobutyric acid | 64.5 | 74.7 (ml) | ||
ammonium hydroxide (28%) | 8.2 | 10.0 (ml) | ||
phosphoric acid (85%) | 0.09 | 0.06 (ml) | ||
It was determined that the above electrolyte had the physical characteristics listed in Table 6.
TABLE 6 | ||||
pH | 5.2 | |||
Conductivity | 7.9 | mS/cm | ||
Anode Breakdown | 388 | volts | ||
Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 7.
TABLE 7 | ||||
Components | Wt. % | Amount | ||
deionized water | 44.88 | 100.0 | (ml) | ||
isobutyric acid | 13.5 | 31.6 | (ml) | ||
ammonium hydroxide (28%) | 3.2 | 8.0 | (ml) | ||
phosphoric acid (85%) | 0.04 | 0.06 | (ml) | ||
ethylene glycol | 38.2 | 91.4 | (ml) | ||
monomethyl ether | |||||
It was determined that the above electrolyte had the physical characteristics listed in Table 8.
TABLE 8 | ||||
pH | 5.7 | |||
Conductivity | 11.5 | mS/cm | ||
Anode Breakdown | 380 | volts | ||
Another exemplary electrolyte according to the present invention consists of the constituents listed in Table 9.
TABLE 9 | ||||
Components | Wt. % | Amount | ||
deionized water | 4.69 | 10.0 | (ml) | ||
isobutyric acid | 37.5 | 84.2 | (ml) | ||
ammonium hydroxide (28%) | 10.6 | 25.0 | (ml) | ||
phosphoric acid (85%) | 0.05 | 0.06 | (ml) | ||
ethylene glycol | 46.9 | 107.5 | (ml) | ||
monomethyl ether | |||||
It was determined that the above electrolyte had the physical characteristics listed in Table 10.
TABLE 10 | ||||
pH | 6.7 | |||
Conductivity | 10.8 | mS/cm | ||
Anode Breakdown | 370 | volts | ||
It is appreciated that various modifications to the present inventive concepts described herein may be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the herein appended claims.
Claims (71)
1. An electrolyte for an electrical energy storage device, the electrolyte consisting essentially of:
a) water;
b) an organic acid; and
c) an ammonium salt of the organic acid.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the water present in a range of, by weight, anout 1% to about 80%.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the acid has the general formula of cnH2+nO2 (where n=2 to 7).
4. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, methylbutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
5. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the acid is present in a range of, by weight, about 1% to about 80%.
6. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
7. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salt is present in a range of, by weight, 0.5% to about 50%.
8. An electrolyte for a capacitor, the electrolyte comprising:
a) water;
b) an organic solvent;
c) an organic acid; and
d) an ammonium salt of the organic acid.
9. The electrolyte of claim 8 wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
10. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
11. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the glycol ether is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
12. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof.
13. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the ester is selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
14. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the nitrile is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof.
15. The electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the linear and cyclic carbonates are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
16. The electrolyte of claim 8 wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, methylbutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
17. The electrolyte of claim 8 wherein the ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
18. A capacitor, which comprises:
a) an anode of a valve metal;
b) an electrochemical cathode selected from the group consisting of a transition metal oxide, a transition metal nitride, a transition metal carbide and a transition metal carbon nitride; and
c) an electrolyte for the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte comprising:
i) water;
ii) an organic solvent;
iii) an organic acid; and
iv) an ammonium salt of the organic acid.
19. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, methylbutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
20. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
21. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
22. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
23. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the glycol ether is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
24. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof.
25. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the ester is selected from the group consisting of y-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
26. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the nitrile is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof.
27. The capacitor of claim 21 wherein the linear and cyclic carbonates are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylenes carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
28. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the valve metal is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, vanadium, niobium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and mixtures thereof.
29. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, iron, niobium, iridium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhodium, vanadium, osmium, palladium, platinum, nickel, and mixtures thereof.
30. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the cathode is of ruthenium oxide and the anode is of tanatlum.
31. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the electrolyte includes at least one of the group consisting of phosphoric acid, trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, and triisopropylphosphate.
32. The capacitor of claim 18 wherein the electrolyte includes a nitroaromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroacetophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2- nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof.
33. A method for providing an electrolyte, consisting essentially of the steps of:
a) providing water;
b) providing an organic acid; and
c) providing an ammonium salt of the organic acid.
34. The method of claim 33 including selecting the organic acid from the group consisting of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, methylbutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
35. The method of claim 33 including providing ammounium hydroxide therein to provide the ammonium salt.
36. The method of claim 33 including selecting the ammonium salt from the group consisting of ammonium isobutyrate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium propionate, ammonium valerate, ammonium methylbutyrate, ammonium trimethylacetate, and mixtures thereof.
37. The method of claim 33 further including an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
38. The method of claim 37 including selecting the glycol from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
39. The method of claim 37 including selecting the glycol ether from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
40. The method of claim 37 including selecting the amide from the group consisting of formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof.
41. The method of claim 37 including selecting the ester from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
42. The method of claim 37 including selecting the nitrile from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof.
43. The method of claim 37 including selecting the linear and cyclic carbonates from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylenes carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
44. An electrolyte for a capacitor comprising a tantalum anode, the electrolyte consisting of:
a) water;
b) an organic acid and an ammonium salt of the organic acid, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are selected from the group consisting of: ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid, ammonium butyrate and butyric acid, ammonium propionate and propionic acid, ammonium valerate and valeric acid, ammonium methylbutyrate and methylbutyric acid, and ammonium trimethylacetate and trimethylacetic acid; and
c) a nitroaromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroacetophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof,
d) wherein the electrolyte has:
i) a conductivity in the range of 6.9 to 11.5 mS/cm;
ii) a pH in the range of 4.9 to 6.7;
iii) an anode breakdown voltage in the range of 370 to 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode; and
iv) does not generate gas at 105° C.
45. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the water is present in a range of, by weight, about 1% to about 80%.
46. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the acid is present in a range of, by weight, about 1% to about 80%.
47. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the ammonium salt is present in a range of, by weight, 0.5% to about 50%.
48. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte having a pH of 4.9 and an anode breakdown voltage of 395 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
49. The electrolyte of claim 48, having a conductivity of 7.1 mS/cm.
50. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte having a pH of 5.4 and an anode breakdown voltage of 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
51. The electrolyte of claim 47, having a conductivity of 6.9 mS/cm.
52. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte having a pH of 5.2 and an anode breakdown voltage of 388 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
53. The electrolyte of claim 52, having a conductivity of 7.9 mS/cm.
54. The electrolyte of claim 44, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte having a pH of 5.7 and an anode breakdown voltage of 380 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
55. The electrolyte of claim 54, having a conductivity of 11.5 mS/cm.
56. The electrolyte of claim 45, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte having a pH of 6.7 and an anode breakdown voltage of 370 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
57. The electrolyte of claim 56, having a conductivity of 10.8 mS/cm.
58. An electrolyte for a capacitor comprising a tantalum anode, the electrolyte consisting of:
a) water;
b) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof, wherein:
i) the glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof;
ii) the glycol ether is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof;
iii) the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof;
iv) the ester is selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof;
v) the nitrile is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof; and
vi) the linear and cyclic carbonates are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof; and
c) an organic acid and an ammonium salt of the organic acid, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are selected from the group consisting of: ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid, ammonium butyrate and butyric acid, ammonium propionate and propionic acid, ammonium valerate and valeric acid, ammonium methylbutyrate and methylbutyric acid, and ammonium trimethylacetate and trimethylacetic acid; and
d) a nitroaromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroacetophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof,
e) wherein the electrolyte has:
i) a conductivity in the range of 6.9 to 11.5 mS/cm;
ii) a pH in the range of 4.9 to 6.7;
iii) an anode breakdown voltage in the range of 370 to 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode; and
iv) does not generate gas at 105° C.
59. A capacitor, which comprises:
a) an anode of tantalum;
b) an electrochemical cathode of ruthenium oxide; and
c) an electrolyte for the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte consisting of:
i) water;
ii) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of glycols, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, amides, esters, nitriles, linear carbonates, cyclic carbonates, and mixtures thereof, wherein:
A) the glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof;
B) the glycol ether is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether, and mixtures thereof;
C) the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamide, dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, methyl acetamide, and mixtures thereof;
D) the ester is selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof;
E) the nitrile is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and mixtures thereof; and
F) the linear and cyclic carbonates are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof; and
iii) an organic acid and an ammonium salt of the organic acid, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid are selected from the group consisting of: ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid, ammonium butyrate and butyric acid, ammonium propionate and propionic acid, ammonium valerate and valeric acid, ammonium methylbutyrate and methylbutyric acid, and ammonium trimethylacetate and trimethylacetic acid;
iv) a nitroaromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzonic acid, 3-nitrobenzonic acid, 4-nitrobenzonic acid, 2-nitroacetophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, 2-nitroanisole, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrophthalic acid, 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof;
v) an additive selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, and triisopropylphosphate; and
vi) wherein the electrolyte has:
A) a conductivity in the range of 6.9 to 11.5 mS/cm;
B) a pH in the range of 4.9 to 6.7;
C) an anode breakdown voltage in the range of 370 to 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode; and
D) does not generate gas at 105° C.
60. The capacitor of claim 59, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid for the electrolyte are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte has a pH of 4.9 and an anode breakdown voltage of 395 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
61. The capacitor of claim 60, wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 7.1 mS/cm.
62. The capacitor of claim 59, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid of the electrolyte are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte has a pH of 5.4 and an anode breakdown voltage of 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
63. The capacitor of claim 62, wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 6.9 mS/cm.
64. The capacitor of claim 59, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid of the electrolyte are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte has a pH of 5.2 and an anode breakdown voltage of 388 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
65. The capacitor of claim 64, wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 7.9 mS/cm.
66. The capacitor of claim 59, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid of the electrolyte are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte has a pH of 5.7 and an anode breakdown voltage of 380 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
67. The capacitor of claim 66, wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 11.5 mS/cm.
68. The capacitor of claim 59, wherein the ammonium salt and its corresponding acid of the electrolyte are ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
wherein the electrolyte has a pH of 6.7 and an anode breakdown voltage of 370 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode.
69. The capacitor of claim 68, wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 10.8 mS/cm.
70. An electrolyte for a capacitor comprising a tantalum anode, the electrolyte consisting of:
a) water;
b) ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
c) 4-nitrophenol (p-nitrophenol),
d) wherein the electrolyte has:
i) a conductivity in the range of 6.9 to 11.5 mS/cm;
ii) a pH in the range of 4.9 to 6.7;
iii) an anode breakdown voltage in the range of 370 to 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode; and
iv) does not generate gas at 105° C.
71. A capacitor, which comprises:
a) an anode of tantalum;
b) an electrochemical cathode of ruthenium oxide; and
c) an electrolyte for the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte consisting of:
i) water;
ii) an organic solvent;
iii) ammonium isobutyrate and isobutyric acid; and
iv) 4-nitrophenol (p-nitrophenol),
v) wherein the electrolyte has:
A) a conductivity in the range of 6.9 to 11.5 mS/cm;
B) a pH in the range of 4.9 to 6.7;
C) an anode breakdown voltage in the range of 370 to 400 volts when the electrolyte is at room temperature and the breakdown voltage is measured using a tantalum anode; and
D) does not generate gas at 105° C.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/534,357 USRE48905E1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2014-11-06 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35389502P | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | |
US10/354,324 US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-30 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
US14/534,357 USRE48905E1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2014-11-06 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/354,324 Reissue US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-30 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE48905E1 true USRE48905E1 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
Family
ID=23391035
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/354,324 Ceased US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-30 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
US14/534,357 Expired - Lifetime USRE48905E1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2014-11-06 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/354,324 Ceased US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-30 | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6687117B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1333455A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004040077A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2418225C (en) |
Families Citing this family (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2004-02-03 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Electrolytes for capacitors |
KR100487616B1 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2005-05-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Folder type mobile phone |
US20060154416A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2006-07-13 | Seitz Keith W | Method of pad printing in the manufacture of capacitors |
EP1508907B1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2015-05-06 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Pad printing method for a capacitor electrode |
US20050117276A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-02 | Yanming Liu | Electrolytes for high voltage electrolytic capacitors |
EP1560237A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-08-03 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Capacitor interconnect design |
US7038901B2 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2006-05-02 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Silicate additives for capacitor working electrolytes |
US7085126B2 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2006-08-01 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Molded polymeric cradle for containing an anode in an electrolytic capacitor from high shock and vibration conditions |
US20100155645A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2010-06-24 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Anodizing electrolytes for high voltage capacitor anodes |
US7012799B2 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2006-03-14 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Flat back case for an electrolytic capacitor |
US20060070492A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-04-06 | Yongjian Qiu | High capacitance tantalum flakes and methods of producing the same |
US20100148128A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2010-06-17 | Ashish Shah | Pad printing of cathode active materials for incorporation into electrochemical cells |
US7099143B1 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-08-29 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitors |
US7092242B1 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2006-08-15 | Greatbatch, Inc. | Polymeric restraints for containing an anode in an electrolytic capacitor from high shock and vibration conditions |
US8475676B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2013-07-02 | Cap-Xx Limited | Electrolyte |
US7511943B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-03-31 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a cathode coating |
US7480130B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-01-20 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
US7485240B1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2009-02-03 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Electrolyte for high voltage electrolytic capacitors |
EP1903584A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-26 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Flat sealing of anode/separator assembly for use in capacitors |
US7483260B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2009-01-27 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Dual anode capacitor with internally connected anodes |
US7554792B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2009-06-30 | Avx Corporation | Cathode coating for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US7649730B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2010-01-19 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a plurality of thin powder-formed anodes |
US7460356B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-12-02 | Avx Corporation | Neutral electrolyte for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US7983022B2 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2011-07-19 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrically connecting multiple cathodes in a case negative multi-anode capacitor |
CA2661469A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-11 | Andre Foucault | Leg rehabilitation apparatus |
US8023250B2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2011-09-20 | Avx Corporation | Substrate for use in wet capacitors |
US8279585B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-02 | Avx Corporation | Cathode for use in a wet capacitor |
US8405956B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2013-03-26 | Avx Corporation | High voltage electrolytic capacitors |
GB2468942B (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2014-02-19 | Avx Corp | High voltage electrolytic capacitors |
US8345406B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2013-01-01 | Avx Corporation | Electric double layer capacitor |
US8223473B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-07-17 | Avx Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor containing a liquid electrolyte |
US20100268292A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Vishay Sprague, Inc. | Hermetically sealed wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8605411B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-12-10 | Avx Corporation | Abrasive blasted conductive polymer cathode for use in a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8514547B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2013-08-20 | Avx Corporation | Volumetrically efficient wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8259435B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-09-04 | Avx Corporation | Hermetically sealed wet electrolytic capacitor |
US9105401B2 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2015-08-11 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a gelled working electrolyte |
US9583271B1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2017-02-28 | Greatbach Ltd. | Cryogenic grinding of tantalum for use in capacitor manufacture |
GB2512481B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-30 | Avx Corp | Wet electrolytic capacitor for use at high temperatures |
GB2512486B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-18 | Avx Corp | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
USRE48439E1 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2021-02-16 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture |
US9312075B1 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2016-04-12 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture |
US9633796B2 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2017-04-25 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture |
US20170056682A1 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2017-03-02 | Element Science, Inc. | External defibrillator |
US10953234B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2021-03-23 | Element Science, Inc. | Wearable devices |
US20170125178A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage dual anode tantalum capacitor with facing casing clamshells contacting an intermediate partition |
US9875855B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2018-01-23 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage tantalum capacitor with improved cathode/separator design and method of manufacture |
US9978528B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-05-22 | Greatbatch Ltd. | High voltage capacitor having a dual tantalum anode/cathode current collector electrode assembly housed in a dual separator envelope design |
EP3895832B1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2022-12-28 | COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. | Electrolytic capacitor and method for improved electrolytic capacitor anodes |
WO2018045339A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | Composite Materials Technology, Inc. | Nano-scale/nanostructured si coating on valve metal substrate for lib anodes |
US9721730B1 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-01 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Capacitor having multiple anodes housed in a stacked casing |
CN109225294B (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Green catalytic synthesis method of benzoin |
EP3534385A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-04 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Titanium clad nickel termination-pad welded to a titanium tab for a capacitor |
WO2020077113A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | Element Science, Inc. | Wearable medical device with disposable and reusable components |
CN110429246B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-06-07 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | alpha-Fe uniformly coated by graphite-like phase carbon nitride2O3Material, and preparation method and application thereof |
JP7329986B2 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2023-08-21 | ルビコン株式会社 | Electrolytic capacitor |
EP3863034A3 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-10-27 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Segmented conformal anode for a capacitor |
US11450486B2 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2022-09-20 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrolytic capacitor having a tantalum anode |
Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2089687A (en) | 1935-12-10 | 1937-08-10 | Gen Electric | Electrolytic composition |
US2749487A (en) | 1953-05-11 | 1956-06-05 | Gen Electric | Tantalum electrolytic capacitor |
US3638077A (en) | 1970-04-02 | 1972-01-25 | Safco Condensateurs | Electrolytic capacitors |
US4476517A (en) | 1983-10-07 | 1984-10-09 | Sprague Electric Company | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US4559581A (en) | 1983-07-18 | 1985-12-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor |
US4762630A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1988-08-09 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor |
US4774011A (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1988-09-27 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US4885115A (en) | 1987-03-12 | 1989-12-05 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | Liquid electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitor |
US5111365A (en) | 1991-06-20 | 1992-05-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor provided with a low resistivity electrolyte |
US5369547A (en) | 1993-03-22 | 1994-11-29 | The Evans Findings Co., Ltd. | Capacitor |
US5496481A (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-03-05 | Boundary Technologies, Inc. | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor |
US5507966A (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1996-04-16 | Boundary Technologies, Inc. | Electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor |
US5629829A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-05-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor |
US5870275A (en) | 1993-12-03 | 1999-02-09 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte and electronic component using same |
EP0989572A2 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-29 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrolyte for use in a capacitor |
WO2000033338A1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Rubycon Corporation | Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor |
US6261434B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2001-07-17 | Kemet Electronics Corporation | Differential anodization process for electrolytic capacitor anode bodies |
US6368485B1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2002-04-09 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Forming electrolyte for forming metal oxide coating film |
US20030142464A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-07-31 | Yanming Liu | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2089683A (en) * | 1934-11-30 | 1937-08-10 | Gen Electric | Electrical capacitor |
US2165091A (en) * | 1936-06-16 | 1939-07-04 | Gen Electric | Electric capacitor and compositions therefor |
JP4554012B2 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2010-09-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
SG97822A1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2003-08-20 | Rubycon Corp | Electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor using the same |
JP3623113B2 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2005-02-23 | ルビコン株式会社 | Electrolytic capacitor |
JP2000348982A (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-12-15 | Nichicon Corp | Electrolyte solution for driving aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
JP2003133183A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Solid electrolytic capacitor and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2003
- 2003-01-30 US US10/354,324 patent/US6687117B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-31 JP JP2003062496A patent/JP2004040077A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-31 EP EP03250603A patent/EP1333455A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-31 CA CA002418225A patent/CA2418225C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-11-06 US US14/534,357 patent/USRE48905E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2089687A (en) | 1935-12-10 | 1937-08-10 | Gen Electric | Electrolytic composition |
US2749487A (en) | 1953-05-11 | 1956-06-05 | Gen Electric | Tantalum electrolytic capacitor |
US3638077A (en) | 1970-04-02 | 1972-01-25 | Safco Condensateurs | Electrolytic capacitors |
US4559581A (en) | 1983-07-18 | 1985-12-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor |
US4476517A (en) | 1983-10-07 | 1984-10-09 | Sprague Electric Company | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US4762630A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1988-08-09 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor |
US4774011A (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1988-09-27 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US4885115A (en) | 1987-03-12 | 1989-12-05 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | Liquid electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitor |
US5111365A (en) | 1991-06-20 | 1992-05-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor provided with a low resistivity electrolyte |
US5369547A (en) | 1993-03-22 | 1994-11-29 | The Evans Findings Co., Ltd. | Capacitor |
US5870275A (en) | 1993-12-03 | 1999-02-09 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte and electronic component using same |
US5629829A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-05-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor |
US5496481A (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-03-05 | Boundary Technologies, Inc. | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor |
US5507966A (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1996-04-16 | Boundary Technologies, Inc. | Electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor |
US6368485B1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2002-04-09 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Forming electrolyte for forming metal oxide coating film |
EP0989572A2 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-29 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrolyte for use in a capacitor |
US6219222B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-04-17 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrolyte for use in a capacitor |
WO2000033338A1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Rubycon Corporation | Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor |
US6285543B1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2001-09-04 | Rubycon Corporation | Electrolytic solution for use in electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor |
US6261434B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2001-07-17 | Kemet Electronics Corporation | Differential anodization process for electrolytic capacitor anode bodies |
US20030142464A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-07-31 | Yanming Liu | Electrolytes for capacitors |
US6687117B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2004-02-03 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Electrolytes for capacitors |
Non-Patent Citations (20)
Title |
---|
"Notice of Filing Date Accorded to Petition and Time for Filing Patent Owner Preliminary Response", AVX Corporation v. Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc.,, Aug. 27, 2014. |
"Patent Owners Corrected Mandatory Notices", AVX Corporation v. Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc, Sep. 11, 2014. |
"Patent Owners List of Exhibits", Case IPR2014-01361, U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117, May 7, 2015. |
"Patent Owners Motion To Amend The 117 Patent Under 37 CFR 42.121", Case IPR2014-01361, U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117, May 7, 2015. |
"Patent Owners Preliminary Response", AVX Corporation v. Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc., Nov. 26, 2014. |
"Patent Owners Response", Case IPR2014-01361, U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117, May 7, 2015. |
"Petition for Inter Parties Review of U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117", IPR2014-01361, Aug. 21, 2014. |
"Petitioner's Motion to Stay Related Reissue Proceeding", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch, Ltd., Jun. 16, 2015. |
"Petitioner's Power of Attorney for an Inter Partes Review", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Ltd., Aug. 21, 2014. |
"Power of Attorney Statement under 37 CFR 3.73(c)", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Ltd., Feb. 4, 2015. |
"Scheduling Order", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Ltd., Feb. 19, 2015. |
"Supplemental Patent Owners Mandatory Notices", AVX Corporation v. Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc., Nov. 24, 2014. |
Decision, Institution of Inter Partes Review, Case IPR2014-01361, U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117 B2, Feb. 19, 2015. |
Evans, "A 170 Volt Tantalum Hybrid Capacitor—Engineering Considerations", Presented at the 7th International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Dec. 8-10, 1997, Dec. 1997. |
Evans, et al., "Tantalum Hybrid Capacitors—The Capacitors with the Highest Available Power Density in Medium Voltage Range", Presented at the 19th International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Hybrid Energy Storage Devices, Dec. 7-9, 2009, Deerfield Beach, FL, Dec. 2009. |
Exhibit 1010, "Prosecution History of U.S. Appl. No. 10/354,324", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Inc., Aug. 21, 2014. |
Exhibit 1011, "U.S. Appl. No. 60/353,895", AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Inc., Aug. 21, 2014. |
Exhibit 3001, "4-NITROBENZOIC Acid", Pub Chem Open Chemistry; Open Chemistry Database U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Ltd., Case IPR2014-01361, Jun. 18, 2015. |
Exhibit-2007, "USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database", Searching US Patent Collection. |
Final Decision, AVX Corporation v. Greatbatch Ltd Case IPR2014-01361 U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,117, Dec. 30, 2015, 1-19. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030142464A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
JP2004040077A (en) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1333455A3 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
CA2418225C (en) | 2006-05-30 |
EP1333455A2 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
US6687117B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
CA2418225A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE48905E1 (en) | Electrolytes for capacitors | |
US7038901B2 (en) | Silicate additives for capacitor working electrolytes | |
US6288889B1 (en) | Electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor using the same | |
US4469610A (en) | Electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor | |
DE102008000334A1 (en) | Cathode coating for a wet electrolytic capacitor | |
KR101112019B1 (en) | Electrolytic capacitor | |
US6744619B1 (en) | Conductive electrolyte system with viscosity reducing co-solvents | |
JP4632651B2 (en) | Solid electrolytic capacitor | |
US20050117276A1 (en) | Electrolytes for high voltage electrolytic capacitors | |
JPH0342694B2 (en) | ||
JPH11126732A (en) | Aluminium electrolytic capacitor | |
JP2001223136A (en) | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor | |
US4762632A (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor | |
JP2815874B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
JP2810673B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
JP2007115947A (en) | Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor | |
JP2701875B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
JP2701886B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
KR100258998B1 (en) | An electrolyte for al electrolytic condenser | |
KR100258999B1 (en) | An electrolyte for al electrolytic condenser | |
JP2672128B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
JP2815875B2 (en) | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors | |
KR100259000B1 (en) | An electrolyte for al electrolytic condenser | |
JP4576317B2 (en) | Electrolytic solution for driving electrolytic capacitors | |
JP3500981B2 (en) | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PETITION RELATED TO MAINTENANCE FEES GRANTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: PTGR); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |