Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/64—Sulfonylureas, e.g. glibenclamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of a combination consisting of glibenclamide and metformin in one specific ratio as medicament for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of type II.
• Non-insulin dependent diabetes of type II is known to be a frequent metabolic disease and the main cause of hyperglycemia.
• diabetes mellitus of type II has been proved to be a heterogeneous disease, with complex, unclarified metabolic aspects, which disease is characterized by three main metabolic abnormalities contributing to hyperglycemia: the partial or complete decrease in insulin secretion, the resistance of the peripheral tissues to insulin and the increased hepatic production of glucose in fasting conditions.
• Vigneri et al. (Diabete & Metabolisme; 1991, (17), 232-234), faced the problem of secondary failure to sulfonylurea therapy in NID diabetes.
• the authors proposed a combination of glibenclamide-metformin in a daily dosage of 15 mg and 1500 mg, respectively, in alternative to insulin therapy in addition to glibenclamide.
• the combined therapy plays therefore a specifically important therapeutical role, since it allows to obtain an effective metabolic control in those patients with diabetes of type II, in which the therapy with only sulfonylureas or only biguanides becomes ineffective with time.
• metformin Two biguanides are used in the oral therapy of diabetes of type II: phenformin and metformin. Although the former is still widely used, a number of data in literature clearly show that metformin exerts an effective normoglycemic action with no risk of lactic acidosis in the patients, as it can occur in some cases when using phenformin. Therefore, it is generally accepted that metformin is the preferred biguanide in the therapy of diabetes of type II.
• the Applicant found, during clinical experiments, that the sulfonylurea maximum daily dose considered optimum for the most severe, barely controllable cases is 15 mg. However, such a dose has to be combined with a biguanide maximum daily dose of 15,00 mg in order to obtain the maximum therapeutical effect together with the reduction of untoward effects.
• glibenclamide dose is 2.5 mg and metformin (expressed as the hydrochloride) dose is 500 mg for each tablet, namely a weight ratio of 1:200.
• doses are respectively: 2.5 mg of glibenclamide and 400 mg of metformin, namely a weight ratio of 1:160.
• the still unsolved problem is to find a combination capable of obtaining the maximum increase in the therapeutical effect with balanced doses of the single medicaments, thereby decreasing in parallel their untoward effects.
• the present invention solves the problem to provide medicament effective for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of type II in cases of secondary failure to a combination of glibenclamide-metformin currently used in therapy.
• glibenclamide and metformin (expressed as the hydrochloride) in a 1:100 weight ratio, so as to allow a daily administration of 15 mg of glibenclamide and 1500 mg of metformin, is suitable to the preparation of a medicament useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of type II at any time of the progression of the disease, from its onset to the most severe cases.
• the combination of the two active ingredients is used in a medicament in the form of tablets with a dosage of 5 mg of glibenclamide and 500 mg of metformin.
• This medicament is useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of type II.
• the balance of said doses makes the therapeutical effect optimum at any time of the progression of the disease, starting from minor cases to the most severe ones, and particularly, when it is necessary to increase progressively with time the doses of the two substances.
• the target area of the patients responding to the therapy will increase and at the same time the onset of therapeutical risks will be highly decreased only when the two medicaments are administered in combination at the doses present in the tablet, or at multiple and submultiple doses of the same.
• the medicament is in the form of a divisible tablet containing the combination described above.
• tablets containing fractions of the preferred dosage can be prepared, always keeping the 1:100 ratio between the two active principles.
• the combination of the invention allows to treat them, still and for a long time, with the oral therapy, with obvious benefits for the patients themselves.
• the sample was calculated so that a clinically significant average reduction of the values of glycated hemoglobin A1c equal to or higher than 0.6% and an average reduction of glycemia equal to or higher than 18 mg/dl in the 16 weeks of treatment could be detected.
• the standard deviations envisaged for HbA1c and for fasting glycemia are 1.46% and 44 mg/dl.
• the analysis makes use of a significance level of 0.05 and a test power of 0.80 (two-tail test).
• the panel consisted of 45 males (46%) and 53 females (54%) of superimposable age.
• the fasting glycemia measured at examination 1 was 219 ⁇ 37 mg/dl (95% confidence limits: 211-226 mg/dl; 10-90° percentile: 184-272 mg/dl), 24 hour glycosuria 25 ⁇ 36 g (95% confidence limits: 18-33 g; 10-90 percentile 7-64 g), no acetonuria in all of thus patients, glycated hemoglobin A1c 9.1 ⁇ 0.9% (95% confidence limits 8.9-9.2%; 10-90° percentile:8-10.1%).
• the parameters the evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment is based on are:
• HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
• BMI Body Mass Index
• the effects of the treatment are clear (variance analysis for repeated measurements, p ⁇ 0.0001) in the subjects with normal body weight and, in the overweight subjects (BMI 25-30 kg/m 2 ), which are less sensitive, but still statistically significant (p ⁇ 0.035 in the obese subgroup (BMI>30 kg/m 2 )).
• the proposed combination (glibenclamide 5 mg-metformin 500 mg) was administered for 16 weeks to patients with diabetes of type II, in which the combined treatment with glibenclamide-metformin at the presently available dosages gave no longer an acceptable metabolic control.
• the main result from the evaluation of the efficacy consists in the significant decrease in the fasting glycemia ( ⁇ 35 mg/dl), in the glycemia 2 hours after meals ( ⁇ 51 mg/dl) and in the HbA1c ( ⁇ 0.9%).
• the ratio 5 mg of glibenclamide+500 mg of metformin can be subdivided as desired, thereby having lower and/or fractional daily dosages thus allowing to treat the disease from its onset, as the glibenclamide to metformin ratio, even when fractioned, will turn out to be very well balanced.
• the medicaments according to the invention are provided in the form of pharmaceutical composition, which can be prepared according to conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences Handbook, Mack. Pub., N.Y., U.S.A.
• compositions intended for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of type II those which are administered orally are preferred, such as coated or non-coated tablets, capsules, sugar-coated pills, granulates, oral suspensions, microgranules, controlled-release tablets.
• Metformin is used preferably in the form of metformin hydrochloride salt.
• glibenclamide is an insoluble substance.
• the pharmaceutical formulation in lozenge-shaped tablets with a central breaking division, has been chosen since it is considered the most suitable one.
• Such a tablet can have the composition as shown in Example 1.
• the tablets were subjected to wet-granulation; the excipients reported hereinbelow were selected, after a number of laboratory tests in order to find the amount of each excipient to attain the best workability together with biopharmaceutical and technological characteristics of the tablets:
• precipitated silica it promotes the cohesion of the granulates improving their flowability
• microcristalline cellulose (Avicel PH 101): a diluent, which favours the formation of compact granules and therefore of more resistant tablets contributing at the same time to disaggregation of the pharmaceutical form, promoting the penetration of liquid inside it by capillarity;
• gelatin a binder used in solution to wet the granular mixture
• glycerin it is used in the gelatin solution to promote wetting and as a plasticizer;
• talc a lubricant
• magnesium stearate a solid lubricant which is effective in amounts which do not significantly affect the disaggregation time of the tablets.
• a coating was moreover applied onto the tablets, which consists of a methylhydroxypropyl cellulose film as a film-forming agent, titanium dioxide as an opacifier and polyethylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer.
• the compatibility among the active ingredient and the selected excipients was ascertained by preliminary accelerated stability studies.
• the physicochemical characteristics of the active ingredient and of the tablet were considered in order to guarantee a safe preservation; the medicament of the invention showed a very good stability in an opaque blister consisting of PVC/PVDC and aluminium.
• the manufacturing process was carried out by wet granulation both by means of kneading in a fast granulator and drying in air-circulation drier, and in fluidized bed granulator-drier. In both cases, tablets with the desired characteristics were obtained.
• a coated tablet contains:
• Glibenclamide mg 5.00 Metformin hydrochloride mg 500.00 Maize starch mg 57.50 Precipitate silica mg 20.00 Microcrystalline cellulose mg 65.00 Gelatin mg 40.00 Glycerin mg 17.50 Talc mg 17.50 Magnesium stearate mg 7.50 Methylhydroxypropylcellulose mg 12.50 Titanium dioxide mg 6.25 Polyethylene glycol 400 mg 1.25 Unitary theor. average weight mg 750.0
• Glibenclamide mg 5.00 Metformin hydrochloride mg 500.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone mg 22.00 Saccharose mg 1000.00 Mannitol mg 821.00 Sodium saccharinate mg 10.00 Orange flavour mg 37.00 Lemon flavour mg 10.00 Unitary theor. average weight mg 2405.00

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 1995
  • 1995-11-14 IT IT95MI002337A patent/IT1276130B1/it active IP Right Grant
• 1996
  • 1996-11-07 DE DE0869796T patent/DE869796T1/de active Pending
  • 1996-11-07 WO PCT/EP1996/004860 patent/WO1997017975A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-11-07 US US09/029,371 patent/US5922769A/en not_active Ceased
  • 1996-11-07 DE DE69627883T patent/DE69627883T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 ES ES96938124T patent/ES2150889T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 DK DK96938124T patent/DK0869796T3/da active
  • 1996-11-07 AT AT96938124T patent/ATE238802T1/de active
  • 1996-11-07 BR BR9611448A patent/BR9611448A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-11-07 AU AU75668/96A patent/AU7566896A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-11-07 US US09/610,548 patent/USRE37330E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 EP EP96938124A patent/EP0869796B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 PT PT96938124T patent/PT869796E/pt unknown
• 1998
  • 1998-12-07 HK HK98112887A patent/HK1011525A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

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