USRE33868E - Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft - Google Patents

Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE33868E
USRE33868E US07/488,236 US48823690A USRE33868E US RE33868 E USRE33868 E US RE33868E US 48823690 A US48823690 A US 48823690A US RE33868 E USRE33868 E US RE33868E
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United States
Prior art keywords
drive elements
hollow shaft
active sections
expanding device
hydraulic expanding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/488,236
Inventor
Wolfgang Maus
Helmut Swars
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mannesmann Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH
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Assigned to MANNESMANN FAHRZEUGTECHNIK GMBH A GERMAN CORPORATION reassignment MANNESMANN FAHRZEUGTECHNIK GMBH A GERMAN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUR EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/08—Tube expanders
    • B21D39/20—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable
    • B21D39/203—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable expandable by fluid or elastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/04—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/84—Making other particular articles other parts for engines, e.g. connecting-rods
    • B21D53/845—Making camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/02—Camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H53/00—Cams ; Non-rotary cams; or cam-followers, e.g. rollers for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H53/02—Single-track cams for single-revolution cycles; Camshafts with such cams
    • F16H53/025—Single-track cams for single-revolution cycles; Camshafts with such cams characterised by their construction, e.g. assembling or manufacturing features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49293—Camshaft making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2101—Cams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft.
  • a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft which overcomes the hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices of this general type, and which permits a maximum number of drive elements to be simultaneously fastened on a shaft with a minimum number of operations.
  • a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft which comprises:
  • Hydraulic expanding devices of this type are known in principle, although each has only one active section, e.g. for the fastening of heat exchanger tubes in tube plates.
  • the method according to the invention is also well adapted to the pairing of materials such as a relatively tough, readily deformable shaft material with the higher grade, normally hardened material of the drive elements, which is desirable for other reasons as well. It is not difficult to adapt the hydraulic expanding device to the number of drive elements to be fastened on the shaft in one operation and to adapt it to their possibly uneven mutual spacings.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, axial, longitudinal sectional view taken along the line I--I in FIG. 2, in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view as seen along the arrow II in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings there is seen a cam shaft for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine such as is used in motor vehicles, having cylinders Z 1 to Z 4 with cams 1 which control intake valves and other cams Z which control outlet valves.
  • the cams are retained by an appropriate number of holding tools or devices 3 which may be tong or clamp-shaped.
  • the holding devices are in respectively required azimuthal alignment, are accurately spaced axially and are coaxial.
  • the cams or drive elements 1 and 2 are finished, i.e. ground and hardened.
  • the cams or drive elements have a uniform thickness, but need not necessarily have the illustrated uniformity and are disposed at distances b 1 , b 2 , b 3 from each other, which may vary if desired.
  • a hollow shaft 4 formed of a relatively tough steel is pushed through bores formed in the cams 1, 2 with a sightly larger diameter than the shaft.
  • a hydraulic expanding device 5 is pushed into the hollow shaft 4 when the shaft is pushed through the bores or in a second operation.
  • the expanding device 5 is formed of a tube 6 on which active sections are installed at varying distances (d 1 , d 2 , d 3 corresponding to the mutual spacings of the cams or drive elements.
  • the active sections have a width c which may be narrower than a width a of the cams as shown but preferably is the same.
  • the active sections are formed by elastic rings or sealing lips 7 which are inserted in pairs into grooves formed in the surface of the tube 6. At least one hole 8 is provided in the tube 6 between each two rings of a pair through which hydraulic fluid can escape into the space between the elements 7.
  • the elements 7 are constructed in such a way that they are slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 4 in their relaxed state while contacting the inner wall surface of the tube 4 when pressure is applied, preventing the escape of the hydraulic fluid from the active sections to a large extent.
  • the hydraulic fluid pressure is sufficient to expand the tube 4 in the vicinity of the active sections by exceeding the elasticity limit.
  • the device 5 is simultaneously made pressureless again for all drive elements and is pulled out of the tube 4.
  • the holding devices 3 can then be opened and the cam shaft can be transported to the location of the next operation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the sectors associated with the individual cylinders Z 1 AND Z 4 in which the valves associated with the cylinders must be controlled and which accordingly determine the cam orientation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

Method fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft, which comprises:
pushing n drive elements with a thickness a over a hollow shaft, retaining the drive elements at mutual spacings b and in respective desired azimuthal positions by means of holding devices;
providing active sections of a material with a given limit of elasticity, a length c, mutual spacings d and being bounded by sealing lips on a hydraulic expanding device so that .[.n (a+b)=n (c+d).]. .Iadd.n.a+(n-1) b=n.c+(n-1) d.Iaddend., pushing the hydraulic expanding device into the hollow shaft; and
applying a pressure through the hollow shaft to the active sections stressing the material of the active sections radially beyond the given limit of elasticity.

Description

The invention relates to a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft.
The method is described below by using an example of a cam shaft for four-cycle internal combustion engines, but it is similarly applicable to other drive elements, such gears, bearing shells and the like which are to be fastened to a smooth shaft, so as to be secure against rotation and axial shifting. Although numerous fastening possibilities are known from German Published, Non-Prosecuted Application No. DE-OS 23 36 241, they appear to be too costly to be used for mass production.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft, which overcomes the hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices of this general type, and which permits a maximum number of drive elements to be simultaneously fastened on a shaft with a minimum number of operations. Instead of expensive turned parts, less expensively producible precision tubing is to be used for the shafts, and machining and heat treating operations which may be required on the drive elements themselves should be performed prior to the actual assembly.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft, which comprises:
pushing n drive elements with a thickness a over a hollow shaft, retaining the drive elements at mutual spacings b and in respective desired azimuthal positions to be assumed by means of holding devices; providing active sections of a material with a given limit of elasticity, a length c, mutual spacings d and being bounded by sealing lips on a hydraulic expanding device so that .[.n(a+b)=n(c+d).]. .Iadd.n.a+(n-1)b=n.c+(n-1)d.Iaddend., pushing the hydraulic expanding device into the hollow shaft; and applying a pressure through the hollow shaft to the active sections stressing the material of the active sections radially beyond the given limit of elasticity.
Hydraulic expanding devices of this type are known in principle, although each has only one active section, e.g. for the fastening of heat exchanger tubes in tube plates. The method according to the invention is also well adapted to the pairing of materials such as a relatively tough, readily deformable shaft material with the higher grade, normally hardened material of the drive elements, which is desirable for other reasons as well. It is not difficult to adapt the hydraulic expanding device to the number of drive elements to be fastened on the shaft in one operation and to adapt it to their possibly uneven mutual spacings.
In accordance with a concomitant mode of the invention, there is provided a method which comprises making a=c or b=d. This method is used because it appears advantageous to utilize the entire contact area between the drive elements and the associated shaft sections to produce the positive frictional connection.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, axial, longitudinal sectional view taken along the line I--I in FIG. 2, in the direction of the arrows; and
FIG. 2 is an elevational view as seen along the arrow II in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings in detail, there is seen a cam shaft for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine such as is used in motor vehicles, having cylinders Z 1 to Z 4 with cams 1 which control intake valves and other cams Z which control outlet valves. The cams are retained by an appropriate number of holding tools or devices 3 which may be tong or clamp-shaped. The holding devices are in respectively required azimuthal alignment, are accurately spaced axially and are coaxial. The cams or drive elements 1 and 2 are finished, i.e. ground and hardened. The cams or drive elements have a uniform thickness, but need not necessarily have the illustrated uniformity and are disposed at distances b1, b2, b3 from each other, which may vary if desired. A hollow shaft 4 formed of a relatively tough steel is pushed through bores formed in the cams 1, 2 with a sightly larger diameter than the shaft. A hydraulic expanding device 5 is pushed into the hollow shaft 4 when the shaft is pushed through the bores or in a second operation. In addition to conventional non-illustrated pressure generating devices, the expanding device 5 is formed of a tube 6 on which active sections are installed at varying distances (d1, d2, d3 corresponding to the mutual spacings of the cams or drive elements. The active sections have a width c which may be narrower than a width a of the cams as shown but preferably is the same. In the latter case, the distances b1, b2, b3 between the cams are naturally equal to the distances d1, d2, d3. The active sections are formed by elastic rings or sealing lips 7 which are inserted in pairs into grooves formed in the surface of the tube 6. At least one hole 8 is provided in the tube 6 between each two rings of a pair through which hydraulic fluid can escape into the space between the elements 7. The elements 7 are constructed in such a way that they are slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 4 in their relaxed state while contacting the inner wall surface of the tube 4 when pressure is applied, preventing the escape of the hydraulic fluid from the active sections to a large extent. The hydraulic fluid pressure is sufficient to expand the tube 4 in the vicinity of the active sections by exceeding the elasticity limit. After the conclusion of this process in all of the active sections, the device 5 is simultaneously made pressureless again for all drive elements and is pulled out of the tube 4. The holding devices 3 can then be opened and the cam shaft can be transported to the location of the next operation.
FIG. 2 shows the sectors associated with the individual cylinders Z 1 AND Z 4 in which the valves associated with the cylinders must be controlled and which accordingly determine the cam orientation.
The foregoing is a description corresponding in substance to German Application No. P 35 30 600.9, filed Aug. 27, 1985, the International priority of which is being claimed for the instant application, and which is hereby made part of this application. Any material discrepancies between the foregoing specification and the afore-mentioned corresponding German application are to be resolved in favor of the latter.

Claims (2)

We claim:
1. Method of fastening drive elements on a hollow shaft, which comprises:
pushing .[.n.]. drive elements with a thickness .[.a.]. over a hollow shaft of a material with a given limit of elasticity, retaining the drive elements at mutual spacings .[.b.]. and in respective desired azimuthal positions by means of holding devices; providing .Iadd.a hydraulic expanding device having .Iaddend.active sections with a length .[.c.]., mutual spacings .[.d.]. and .[.being bounded by.]. sealing lips .[.on a hydraulic expanding device so that n(a+b)=n(c+d).]. .Iadd.bounding the active sections.Iaddend., pushing the hydraulic expanding device into the hollow shaft;
applying a pressure through the hydraulic expanding device to the active sections stressing the material of portions of the hollow shaft opposite the active sections radially beyond the given limit of elasticity and into secured engagement with the drive elements;
reducing the pressure at the active sections; and withdrawing the hydraulic expanding device from the expanded hollow shaft.
2. Method according to claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.4.Iaddend., which comprises making a=c. .[.3. Method according to claim 1, which comprises making b=d.].. .Iadd.4. Method according to claim 1, which comprises making n.a+(n-1)b=n.c+(n-1)d, wherein n is the number of drive elements, a is the thickness of the drive elements, b is the spacing between the drive elements, c is the length of the active sections, and d is the spacing between the active sections.Iaddend..
US07/488,236 1985-08-27 1990-03-02 Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft Expired - Lifetime USRE33868E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3530600 1985-08-27
DE19853530600 DE3530600A1 (en) 1985-08-27 1985-08-27 METHOD FOR FIXING DRIVE ELEMENTS ON A HOLLOW SHAFT

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/900,387 Reissue US4750250A (en) 1985-08-27 1986-08-26 Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft

Publications (1)

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USRE33868E true USRE33868E (en) 1992-04-07

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US06/900,387 Ceased US4750250A (en) 1985-08-27 1986-08-26 Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft
US07/488,236 Expired - Lifetime USRE33868E (en) 1985-08-27 1990-03-02 Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/900,387 Ceased US4750250A (en) 1985-08-27 1986-08-26 Method of fastening drive elements of a hollow shaft

Country Status (8)

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US (2) US4750250A (en)
EP (1) EP0213529B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6248424A (en)
KR (1) KR940007170B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE57641T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1274699A (en)
DE (2) DE3530600A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2001397A6 (en)

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US7210219B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2007-05-01 Cinetic Automation Corporation Cir-clip to shaft insertion tool
US20140196552A1 (en) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-17 Mahle International Gmbh Device for positioning multiple function elements

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CN103711537A (en) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-09 北京汽车动力总成有限公司 Camshaft
CN104295332A (en) * 2013-07-16 2015-01-21 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Combination type cam shaft with VVT oil way
DE102015101004B4 (en) * 2015-01-23 2017-05-18 Linamar Gmbh Method for joining a function module and function module
CN105195978B (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-10-10 中船动力有限公司 Camshaft is fixedly connected with frock and method with camshaft sprocket
JP6426240B1 (en) * 2017-07-12 2018-11-21 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Apparatus and method for electromagnetically forming aluminum pipe member
DE102020118536A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-20 Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh Method of manufacturing a surgical handpiece and a surgical handpiece

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US5220727A (en) * 1992-06-25 1993-06-22 Hochstein Peter A Method making cam shafts
US7210219B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2007-05-01 Cinetic Automation Corporation Cir-clip to shaft insertion tool
US20140196552A1 (en) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-17 Mahle International Gmbh Device for positioning multiple function elements
US9492896B2 (en) * 2013-01-17 2016-11-15 Mahle International Gmbh Device for positioning multiple function elements

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KR870001898A (en) 1987-03-28
JPS6248424A (en) 1987-03-03
EP0213529A1 (en) 1987-03-11
US4750250A (en) 1988-06-14
KR940007170B1 (en) 1994-08-08
ES2001397A6 (en) 1988-05-16
DE3675118D1 (en) 1990-11-29
CA1274699A (en) 1990-10-02
EP0213529B1 (en) 1990-10-24
DE3530600A1 (en) 1987-03-05
ATE57641T1 (en) 1990-11-15

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