USRE333E - Improvement in mortising-machines - Google Patents

Description

UNITnD STATES PATENT OFFICE'.

JOSEPH GUILD, OF .CINGINNACII,OHIO.`

IMPROVEMENT IN. MoRTlslNG-MACHINES.

Specification forming part ot' Letters Patent No. 9,431, dated. November 30, 1852; Reissue No. 333, dated December 1l, 1855.

.To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, J osEPH GUILD, of Gincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Mortising- Machines 5 and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making part of this specification. My improvements consist in an arrangement of mechanism in a mortising-machine whereby the chisel may be brought into instant action, its depth of cut be exactly and constantly controlled by the operator, or suspended without interfering with the driving' power. y n

In the annexed drawing a machine embodying my improvements is represented in front elevation.

a may be considered torepresent the iioor of a room or factory containing the machine. The stanchions b, caprail c, chisel d, chisel mandrel e, mandrel-bearings f, reversinghandle g, and bench h are of the' construction usual both in power and foot mortisingmachines. The spring t' and treadlej are also similar to those employed in foot mortising-machines, but are not attach ed directly to the mandrel, as they are in foot mortising-machines, in which the office of the spring is simply to abstract the chisel from the mortise preparatory to another stroke of the chisel by means ot' the treadle, the forces of the spring and treadle being thus opposite and alternating in theirV action. In my machine they are also opposite and alternating, but their duties are essentially different, the duty of the treadle being confined to the initiation and graduat`on of the cutting action, all the force of said cutting action being derived from the motive power and the duty of the spring being to reduce vthe range of the cutter, or even to cause a cessation of its motion, according as the pressure is lessened or altogether withdrawn from the treadle. By this means the prompt action and accurate graduation of the foot-machine are combined with the laborsaving character of the power-machine.

The motion originates in this machine with ih i pulley 7c, which may be of the fast and loose kind 5 but such arrangement is not employed in my machine to suspend or resume the action of the chisel between the cutting of twofscpaT rate mortises. A crank, l, on the shaft of the pulley k connect-s by pitman m with a vibrating arm, n, attached to a rock-shaft. Fitted to this arm is a block, o, whichl I term the sliding wrist, and which traverses along the arm. To this block is pivoted the free extremity of a toggle, p, having a lixed center at g. To the knuckle of this toggle is pivoted a vertical rod, r, capable of longitudinal motion. This rod carries a roller, s, upon which bears the lever t of the treadlej. The top of the rod i' is connected to the spring z', whose retracting-power holds the rod and the knuckle to the highest points of their range when the pressure on the treadle is withdrawn. The sliding block o, before spoken of, connects by pitman u with the chisel-mandrel e, and is so arranged that when the toggle is bent to its full range of retraction the wrist of the block is exactly concentric with the center ofl motion of the vibrating arm n, and in this position, having no vertical play whatever, none is communicated to the chisel-mandrel. If now the treadle be' slightly depressed, the

toggle will push the block 0 somewhat alongv vthe arm n, and instantly the motion or range ofthe arm at that point to which the block is pushed will be communicated to the mandrel. With a furtherv descent of the treadle the block will traverse a longer arc'andlan increased plunge of the chisel will result. Let now the presjsfurebe removed from the treadle, and the apparatus, being abandoned to the action of the spring, will instantly revert to its normal position, and the wrist ofthe block at the same time becoming concentric with i the center of vibration of the arm, the motion ofthe chisel will suddenly cease, although the arm continues to Ybrate.

Should a mortise or a number of mortises be required, not to exceed a given depth, blocks or pins may be so placed as to limit the descent of the treadle.

The easy manipulation, prompt action, and nice graduation of cut obtained by means of my improvements in the construction of this staple machine are of material value for the following reasons:

In the commencement of a mortise, for the first few cuts the chisel can penetrate only a part of the depth without binding in the substance of the wood or being subject tothe strain accompanied by jarringof the machinery, and sometimes tearing or injuring the surface of the stuit` or breaking the tool 5 but in my machine the first few cuts may be made gently and .at the mid-length of the mortise, and as the tool retreats toward either end (by the wood being passed under it) it may plunge deeper and deeper, until, after afew cuts, it just passes the half-thickness of the stuff and continues that depth till one end of the length of the mortise is reached. The tool being then reversed the action is repeated at full stroke in the other direction, and this process being repeated on the other side of the piece the mortise will be cleanly and easily eii'ected. This is for mortises which pass clear through the stuit'. y This graduated commencement is a result hithertounattained in power mortisin g-machines, so far as I am aware.

Y V-Atthe commencement or initiation of the cut a rapidly-increasing Vgraduation is desired, while, on the other hand, when the chisel approaches its full stroke, greater power is required to be exerted by means of the trealdle in order to maintain the sliding wrist at itsl outer position on the vibrating arm.

The toggle movement here'applied is considered by methe best mode of converting the uniform downward pressure of the treadle to the desired graduated outward pressure against the sliding wrist. When the toggle is considerably bent, as it is in rest, of course a slight.

depression or elevation of the treadle will quickly either bring the chisel into operation or restore it to rest; and when thekchisel is in full and forcible action in the wood the two limbs of the toggle being brought nearly in a line act with the greatest advantage and ex-y ercise a perfect control in holding out the wrist, features which have proved of the greatest value in the operation of the machine.

Vhen not in use and in the short intervals between each mortise or section of a mortise, (as above deseribed,) the chisel in my machines of its lf becomes quiescent and only commences work as the foot is applied to the treadle, and that to any desired extent. The fast and loose pulleys and like devices hitherto in use in power mortising-machines are not susceptible of either the instantaneous actionV or the automatic cessation which characterizes my arrangement.

In a sash, blind, and door factory, -such as i in that case consists of a large number of small mortises, the intervals between the formation of which require perfect inaction of the chisel.

Though I have represented the machine as one in which the driving-gearis beneath the floor of the factory, yet the machine may be made in a portable form, and, as it is merely a question of form and proportion,-I shall not enter into the details of its adaptation to different loealitics. A common form of it will be a portable machine driven by unskilled manual labor, and with a ily-wheel like a lathe, the workman who attends to the mortisin g being fully occupied in that department, which is carried on with far greater rapidity than in machines of the common construction.

Having thus fully, clearly, and exactlyY described the'nature, construction, and operation of Imy improvement in mortising-machines, what I claim as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The sliding wrist o, connected with the chisel and also with the driving-power in the manner described, in combination with the mechanism described, or its equivalent, for

sliding said wrist, so that the operator can,

during the motion ot' the machine vary the depth of cut of the chisel, or cause it to be suspended without disconnecting the drivingpower.

2. The combination, in a mortising-ma- K chine, substantially as described, of treadle and opposing spring or vweight connected to a toggle, one end of which, being pivoted to the frame, the other is pivoted to a sliding V wrist upon a vibrating arm actuated by the power, the said wrist upon' the arm with varyin g power and spend by the action of said toggle and its attached y weight or spring'and treade, as explained, or I their equivalents.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my;v

hand before two subscribing witnesses.

v JOSEPH GUILD. Attest; JAMEs J. LYON, y J. H. GETZENDAMER.

being slid out and inY

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