USRE22464E - Lubricant - Google Patents
Lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE22464E USRE22464E US22464DE USRE22464E US RE22464 E USRE22464 E US RE22464E US 22464D E US22464D E US 22464DE US RE22464 E USRE22464 E US RE22464E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- olefin
- sulfur
- neutralized
- reaction product
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 43
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 30
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940063656 aluminum chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000382 dechlorinating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QKUNKVYPGIOQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,8,11,14,17,21-hexachlorotetracosane Chemical compound CCCC(Cl)CCCC(Cl)CCC(Cl)CCC(Cl)CCC(Cl)CCCC(Cl)CCC QKUNKVYPGIOQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000784732 Lycaena phlaeas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000000475 acetylene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RFGJXTRLLUSPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylene;but-1-en-3-yne Chemical group C#C.C=CC#C RFGJXTRLLUSPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
- C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- lubricant compositions containing these neutralized reaction products of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin can be' made substantially non-corrosive by adding in combinarcissue Februaryl, 1944, Serial Darafiln waxes having at least about 20 carbon atoms per molecule, and melting points upwards from about 90 F. and preferably within the range of from about 120 F. to about 140 F.
- halogenated paraflin wax for example, chlorinated paramn wax
- chlon'ne into the wax, maintained in a molten state, until the wax has a chlorine content of from about'8% to about
- the chlorinated wax product is a mixture of unchlorinated wax, monochlor wax and polychlor wax. This chlorinated product may be used as such, but it is advantageous to use the substantially -mon0chlor. wax fraction.
- the monochlor wax fraction can be segregated from the unchlorinated wax and the polychlor wax fractions by taking advantage of the differences in the melting points of the tion with the latter a small amount of elemental sulfur or an organic sulfur compound, particularly an organic sulfur compound capable of being decomposed to give free sulfur at the temperature to which the lubricant is subjected during use.
- suitable organic sulfur compounds are sulfurized mineral oils, sulfurized nondrying animal and vegetable oils such as sulfurized lard oil, sulfurized corn oil and the like, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized olefin polymers, such as sulfurized isobutylene polymer, sulfurized sperm oil, etc.
- the preferred olefins suitable for thepreparation of the hereindescribed phosphorus sulfide reaction products are olefins having at least 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, of which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and preferably at least 15 carbon atoms, may be in a long chain.
- Such olefins cam be obtained by the dehydrogenation of paraflins, such as by the cracking of paraffin waxes, or by the dehalogenation of alkyl 'halides, prefer'ably long chain alkyl halides, particularly halogeated paraflln waxes.
- the olefins obtained by dehalogenation of long chain a-lkyl halides are preferably those obtained by dehalogenation of monohalogenated waxes, such as, for example, those obtained by deohlorination of monochlor paraflin wax.
- the alkyl halides are decomposed to yield olefins according to the reaction in which n is a whole number, preferablyio or more, and X is an halogen.
- n is a whole number, preferablyio or more
- X is an halogen.
- the monochlor paraffin wax can be separated from the unchlorinated and the polychlor wax fractions by means such as sweating, fractional distillation, solvent extraction, solvent precipitation, and fractional crystallization.
- the high molecular weight olefins are obtained by removing the halogen as hydrogen halide from the halogenated paraflin wax.
- the corresponding olefin is obtained from the monochlor parafiin wax by removing the chlorine from the latter as hydrogen chloride.
- the monochlor wax can be dechlorinated by heating to a temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F. in the presence of a dechlorinating agent such as an alkali metal hydroxid or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide. Other alkaline inorganic or organic materials can also be used.
- the chlorine can also be removed from the chlorowax by heating the same for a prolonged period in the absence of any dechlorinating agent. After the dehalogenation has been completed the olefin so obtained can be further purified by removing the dehalogenating agent by means of filtration or by other suitable means.
- olefin polymers those having molecular weights above preferably about 300.
- olefinic starting materials for the production of such polymers we may employ the individual olefins themselves, mixtures of olefins or mixtures of olefins and non-oleflnic compounds.
- the olefinic starting material we may employ the individual olefins themselves, mixtures of olefins or mixtures of olefins and non-oleflnic compounds.
- the olefinic starting material for the production of such polymers.
- butylenes may be butylenes, amylenes, refinery gases containing normally gaseous olefins and cracked distlllates or other relatively low-boiling hydrocarbon mix- 2 tures containing normally liquid olefins and mix-, tures of normally liquid olefins, containing substantial amounts of dissolved normally gaseous mono-olefins, preferably iso-mono-olefins, such as isobutylene and isoamylene and/ or the copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing low molecular weight isoolefins and normal olefins, preferably those of less than six carbon atoms.
- the mono-olefin polymer to be treated may be thepolymer resulting from the polymerization of low molecular'weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene and isoamylene and/orthe copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbo'n mixtures containing low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins and normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six carbon atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms.
- low molecular'weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene and isoamylene
- the copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbo'n mixtures containing low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins and normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six carbon atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms.
- polymer may be, obtained by the polymerization of these mono-olefins or mixed mono-oleflnsv in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chlo ride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel- Crafts type.
- a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chlo ride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel- Crafts type.
- the polymers employed' are preferably monoolefin polymers, in which the molecular weight ranges from about 150 to about 50,000 or more, y and preferably from about 500 to about 10,000.
- polymers can be obtained,-for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of isooleflns such as isobutylene or hydrocarbon mix- -tures containing the same at a temperature ,of .from about -80 F. to about 100f F., in the presence of a catalyst such as boron fluoride.
- a catalyst such as boron fluoride.
- This light fraction may contain from about 10% to about isobutylene, the remainder being principally butanes and normal butylene.
- Still another type of olefin polymer which may be employed is the polymer resulting from the treatment of vapor phase cracked gasoline and/or gasoline fractions with sulfuric acid or solid absorbents such as fuller's earth whereby unsaturated polymerized hydrocarbons are removed.
- olefin's which can be employed are the high molecular weight copolymers of a low molecular weight olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH21l-x in which a: is 2 or a multiple of 2, the copolymer having a controlled degree of unsaturatiom It is to be understood that the expression "nonaromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHzn-z in which a: is 2 or a multiple of 2 embraces the substitution products of these hydrocarbons, such as, for example, chloroprene.
- reaction products are obtained which have a higher phosphorus content than is otherwise obtainable by reacting a phosphorus sulfide with amono-olefin polymer, and which are more stable than the reaction products of a phosphorus sulfide and a diolefin polymer.
- the copolymer base is prepared by controlled copolymerization of a low molecular weight olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon of the above type in the presence of a catalyst of the Friedel- Crafts type.
- the low molecular weight olefin is preferably an isoolefin or atertiary base olefin preferably one having less than 7 carbon atoms per molecule.
- olefins which can be suitably employed are isobutylene, Z-methyibutene-l, 2-ethylbutene-l, secondary and tertiary base amylene, hexylene and the like, isobutylene being preferred, however.
- non-aromatic hydrocarbons falling within the above general formula are the conjugated.
- the copolymerization of the isoolefin and the diolefin is preferably carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride or boron fluoride, although other Friedel-Crafts type catalyst such as aluminum bromide, zinc chloride, zirconium chloride andthe like can be employed.
- the copolymer base which preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000 and contains from about 2% to about 20% butadiene
- from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the diolefin is reacted with the olefin at a low temperature ranging from about 32 F. to aboutv -150 F. and preferably from about 10 F. to about 130 F.
- the polymerization is conducted in the presence of v a diluent and preferably a diluent which is capable of functioning also as a refrigerant such as a liquefied normally gaseous hydrocarbon such as, for example, liquefied ethylene, liquefied propane, liquefied butane and the like.
- Alkyl halides such as methyl chloride can also be used.'
- reaction chamber In carrying out the polymerization the reaction chamber is first cooled to the desired low temperature by adding thereto a sufficient amount of the liquefied normally gaseous hydrocarbon. The diolefinsare then added to the reactor followed by the addition of the isoolefin. After the isoolefin has been added the catalyst,
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, a low molecular weight allcyl halide, i then added to the mixture. It is highly desirable to provide for rapid mixing of the reaction mass to obtain a uniform product.
- the polymerization reaction is permitted to proceed to a polymer yield of from about 50% to about in order to obtain polymers of the desired molecular weight and of the desired degree of unsaturation.
- The'reaction can be stopped at the desired yield by adding to the reactor a material capable of quenching the reaction. Suitable quenching agents are alcohols, ethers, ketones and the like; ethyl alcohol is preferably employed for this purpose.
- an atmosphere of nitrogen above the reaction mixtures.
- Usuall 'it is preferable to use an amount of the phosphorus sulfide that will completely react with the olefin so that no further purification becomes necessary.
- excess phosphorus sulfide may be used and separated from the product after heating is discontinued by filtering or by diluting with a solvent such as hexane, filtering, and subsequently distillin -off the solvent.
- the reaction product may be further treated b blowing with steam at an elevated temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F. to improve the odor thereof.
- the phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product normally shows a titratable acidity. This titratable acidit is neutralized when the reaction product is treated with a basic reagent.
- phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product when neutralized with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent is characterized by the presence or retention of the metal constituent of the reagent.
- heavy metal constituent may be introduced into the neutralized product by reacting the same with a salt of the desired heavy metal.
- neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product as usedherein means a.
- phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product having at least about 1% of its titratable acidity reduced by the reaction with a basic reagent, and includes the neutralized phosphorus sulfideeolefir'i reaction products containing a metal constituent resulting from said neutralization or resulting from the reaction of a heavy metal salt with the phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product with a basic reagent.
- the neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product may be obtained by adding to the reaction product a. suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or of an alkali metal, preferably potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
- suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or of an alkali metal, preferably potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
- Other basic reagents may be used, such as, for example, ammonia, or alkyl 'or aryl substituted ammonia, such as amines.
- metal constituents such as a neutralized with a basic compound containing a stituent such as, for example, tin, titanium, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron and the like may be obtained by reacting a salt of the desired to about 3%, while the organic sulfur-bearing compound or sulfur is employed in amounts sufficient to give a free sulfur content within the range of from about 0.001% to about 5%, Dreierably from about 0.002% to about 3%.
- the improvement obtained when a small amount of a sulfur-bearing organic compound or sulfur is used in combination with a. neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin or olefin reaction product is illustrated by the corrosion dat presented in the following table.
- the data presented therein are those obtained by immersing a. copper strip having an area of about 6.5 square centimeters and a lead strip having an area of about 3.5 square centimeters in 380 cc. of oil malntained at a temperature of 315 F. the test piece being suspended on a glass rod which-is rotated at R. P. M, At intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours th lead test pieces are removed, cleaned, dried and the loss in weight in milligrmns noted.
- the data presented therein are those obtained by immersing a. copper strip having an area of about 6.5 square centimeters and a lead strip having an area of about 3.5 square centimeters in 380 cc. of oil malntained at a temperature of 3
- olefin as used in the P rase "P phorus sulfide-olefin reaction produc as applied herein and in the appended claims includes efins, olefin polymers and olefin copolymers.
- a lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfurphosphorus pentasulfide and an isobutylene polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300.
- phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction prodnot of phosphorus pentasulfide and an isobutylvone polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300, said neutralized reaction product containing potassium.
- a lubricant comprising a mineral oil and in combination therewith a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing recontaining reaction product of a phosphorus sul- 2.
- a lubricant composition containing an oil and asmall amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound. and elemental sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfurcontaining reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin having at least 20 carbon atoms in a molecule of which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms are in a long chain.
- a -1ubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300.
- a lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an. organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur, and a action product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin.
- a lubricant comprising a mineral oil,- a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of forming free sulfur upon decomposition and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an isobutylene polymer having a molecular weight of at-least about 14.
- a lubricant composition containing a mineral oil, a small amount of an organic sulfur com- 7 pound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a. phosphorus sulfide and an olefin having at least 20 carbon atoms in a moleculeof which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms are in a long chain.
- a lubricant comprising a mineral oil, a.
- a lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur and-a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of a mono-olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHZn-a: in which x is 2 or a, multiple of 2.
- a lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phos phorus and sulfur-containing reaction product or of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of a monoolefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHZn-z in which 2 is 2 or a multiple of 2.
- a lubricant comprising a mineral oil, a small amount of an organic sulfur compound and a smallamount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of isobutylene and chloroprene, said copolymer having a molecular weight of at least about 1,000.
- a lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil, a small amount of a sulfurized oil and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin polymer havin'g a molecular weight of at least about 3,000.
- the method of inhibiting corrosion and the formation of deposits of the type of sludge, carbon and varnish in an internal combustion engine during use comprising lubricating with an oil normally susceptible to form sludge, carbon and varnish in an internal combustion engine during use and in combination therewith small amounts of an organic sulfur compound capable of forming free sulfur upon decomposition and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a phosphorus sulfide with an olefin and neutralizing said product with a basic reagent, said organic sulfur compound being used in amounts sufficient to inhibit corrosion and said neutralized reaction product being used in amounts suilicient to inhibit the formation of deposits of bon and varnish.
- a new composition of matter comprising: an oil; a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and an organic sulthe type of sludge, car- I fur compound; and, the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction phosphorus sulfide and an olefin.
- a new composition or matter comprising: an oil; a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and 'an organic sulfur compound; and, a neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a mono-olefin polymer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
Reiuued Apr. 4, 1944 22.404 wnmcan'r Charl'es D. Kelso, Princeton, N. 1., and Lawson W. Mixon, Hammond, Ind., assignors to Standard Oil .Company, Chicago, Ill-"a corporation of Indiana I I No Drawing. Original Natale-.690, dated April 6, 1943, Serial No. 424,967.!)ecember 30, 1941.
Application for N 0. 520,706
31 Claims.
.in lubricating oils and in general are effective in inhibiting corrosion to metal surfaces in contact with such oils. However, under certain conditions these reaction products, particularly the neutralized reaction products, do not inhibit corrosion to the desired degree, and in some cases may induce corrosion.
We have discovered that lubricant compositions containing these neutralized reaction products of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin can be' made substantially non-corrosive by adding in combinarcissue Februaryl, 1944, Serial Darafiln waxes having at least about 20 carbon atoms per molecule, and melting points upwards from about 90 F. and preferably within the range of from about 120 F. to about 140 F.
To obtain the halogenated paraflin wax, for example, chlorinated paramn wax, we introduce chlon'ne into the wax, maintained in a molten state, until the wax has a chlorine content of from about'8% to about The chlorinated wax product is a mixture of unchlorinated wax, monochlor wax and polychlor wax. This chlorinated product may be used as such, but it is advantageous to use the substantially -mon0chlor. wax fraction. The monochlor wax fraction can be segregated from the unchlorinated wax and the polychlor wax fractions by taking advantage of the differences in the melting points of the tion with the latter a small amount of elemental sulfur or an organic sulfur compound, particularly an organic sulfur compound capable of being decomposed to give free sulfur at the temperature to which the lubricant is subjected during use. Examples of suitable organic sulfur compounds are sulfurized mineral oils, sulfurized nondrying animal and vegetable oils such as sulfurized lard oil, sulfurized corn oil and the like, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized olefin polymers, such as sulfurized isobutylene polymer, sulfurized sperm oil, etc.
The preferred olefins suitable for thepreparation of the hereindescribed phosphorus sulfide reaction products are olefins having at least 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, of which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and preferably at least 15 carbon atoms, may be in a long chain. Such olefins cam be obtained by the dehydrogenation of paraflins, such as by the cracking of paraffin waxes, or by the dehalogenation of alkyl 'halides, prefer'ably long chain alkyl halides, particularly halogeated paraflln waxes.
The olefins obtained by dehalogenation of long chain a-lkyl halides are preferably those obtained by dehalogenation of monohalogenated waxes, such as, for example, those obtained by deohlorination of monochlor paraflin wax. The alkyl halides are decomposed to yield olefins according to the reaction in which n is a whole number, preferablyio or more, and X is an halogen. We prefer to employ various fractions, since the melting point of the unchlorinated wax is greater than that of the monochlor wax, and the melting point of the latter is greater than that of the polychlor wax.
Thus, the monochlor paraffin wax can be separated from the unchlorinated and the polychlor wax fractions by means such as sweating, fractional distillation, solvent extraction, solvent precipitation, and fractional crystallization.
The high molecular weight olefins are obtained by removing the halogen as hydrogen halide from the halogenated paraflin wax. For example, the corresponding olefin is obtained from the monochlor parafiin wax by removing the chlorine from the latter as hydrogen chloride. 'The monochlor wax can be dechlorinated by heating to a temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F. in the presence of a dechlorinating agent such as an alkali metal hydroxid or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide. Other alkaline inorganic or organic materials can also be used. The chlorine can also be removed from the chlorowax by heating the same for a prolonged period in the absence of any dechlorinating agent. After the dehalogenation has been completed the olefin so obtained can be further purified by removing the dehalogenating agent by means of filtration or by other suitable means.
We may also employ olefin polymers, those having molecular weights above preferably about 300.
As olefinic starting materials for the production of such polymers, we may employ the individual olefins themselves, mixtures of olefins or mixtures of olefins and non-oleflnic compounds. For example, the olefinic starting material. may be butylenes, amylenes, refinery gases containing normally gaseous olefins and cracked distlllates or other relatively low-boiling hydrocarbon mix- 2 tures containing normally liquid olefins and mix-, tures of normally liquid olefins, containing substantial amounts of dissolved normally gaseous mono-olefins, preferably iso-mono-olefins, such as isobutylene and isoamylene and/ or the copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing low molecular weight isoolefins and normal olefins, preferably those of less than six carbon atoms.
The mono-olefin polymer to be treated may be thepolymer resulting from the polymerization of low molecular'weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene and isoamylene and/orthe copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbo'n mixtures containing low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins and normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six carbon atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms. The
polymer may be, obtained by the polymerization of these mono-olefins or mixed mono-oleflnsv in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chlo ride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel- Crafts type.
The polymers employed'are preferably monoolefin polymers, in which the molecular weight ranges from about 150 to about 50,000 or more, y and preferably from about 500 to about 10,000.
These polymers can be obtained,-for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of isooleflns such as isobutylene or hydrocarbon mix- -tures containing the same at a temperature ,of .from about -80 F. to about 100f F., in the presence of a catalyst such as boron fluoride. In the preparation of these polymers, we employ, for example, .liq'uid isobutylene or a hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutylene, butane, and butylene, recovered from petroleum gases, especially those gases produced in the cracking of petroleum oils in the manufacture of gasoline. This light fraction may contain from about 10% to about isobutylene, the remainder being principally butanes and normal butylene.
We mayalso employ as the starting material the polymer obtained by polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbons resulting from the vapor phase cracking of parafiln waxes in the presence of aluminum chloride which .is fully described in United State Patents Nos. 1,995,260, 1,970,002 and 2,091,398. Still another type of olefin polymer which may be employed is the polymer resulting from the treatment of vapor phase cracked gasoline and/or gasoline fractions with sulfuric acid or solid absorbents such as fuller's earth whereby unsaturated polymerized hydrocarbons are removed. Also contemplated within the scope of our invention is the treatment with phosphorus sulfide of the polymers resulting from the voltolization of hydrocarbons as described, for example, in United States Patents Nos. 2,197,768 and 2,191,787.
Other olefin's which can be employed are the high molecular weight copolymers of a low molecular weight olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH21l-x in which a: is 2 or a multiple of 2, the copolymer having a controlled degree of unsaturatiom It is to be understood that the expression "nonaromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHzn-z in which a: is 2 or a multiple of 2 embraces the substitution products of these hydrocarbons, such as, for example, chloroprene. By reacting a phosphorus sulfide with the copolymer, having the desired degree of unsaturation, reaction products are obtained which have a higher phosphorus content than is otherwise obtainable by reacting a phosphorus sulfide with amono-olefin polymer, and which are more stable than the reaction products of a phosphorus sulfide and a diolefin polymer.
The copolymer base is prepared by controlled copolymerization of a low molecular weight olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon of the above type in the presence of a catalyst of the Friedel- Crafts type. The low molecular weight olefin is preferably an isoolefin or atertiary base olefin preferably one having less than 7 carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of olefins which can be suitably employed are isobutylene, Z-methyibutene-l, 2-ethylbutene-l, secondary and tertiary base amylene, hexylene and the like, isobutylene being preferred, however.
Examples of the non-aromatic hydrocarbons falling within the above general formulaare the conjugated. diolefins-such as butadiene, isoprene, cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,3, heXadiene-2,4, and the substituted diolefins such as chloroprene and the like, the diolefins such as dialkyls, for example, diisobutenyl, and the like, in which the double bond is not conjugated; and the acetylenes such as acetylene vinyl acetylene and the like; and the .ibstitution products of the foregoing.
The copolymerization of the isoolefin and the diolefin is preferably carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride or boron fluoride, although other Friedel-Crafts type catalyst such as aluminum bromide, zinc chloride, zirconium chloride andthe like can be employed. 1
In the preparation of the copolymer base which preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000 and contains from about 2% to about 20% butadiene, from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the diolefin is reacted with the olefin at a low temperature ranging from about 32 F. to aboutv -150 F. and preferably from about 10 F. to about 130 F. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of v a diluent and preferably a diluent which is capable of functioning also as a refrigerant such as a liquefied normally gaseous hydrocarbon such as, for example, liquefied ethylene, liquefied propane, liquefied butane and the like. Alkyl halides such as methyl chloride can also be used.'
In carrying out the polymerization the reaction chamber is first cooled to the desired low temperature by adding thereto a sufficient amount of the liquefied normally gaseous hydrocarbon. The diolefinsare then added to the reactor followed by the addition of the isoolefin. After the isoolefin has been added the catalyst,
- preferably in solution in a suitable solvent such as, for example, a low molecular weight allcyl halide, i then added to the mixture. It is highly desirable to provide for rapid mixing of the reaction mass to obtain a uniform product. The polymerization reaction is permitted to proceed to a polymer yield of from about 50% to about in order to obtain polymers of the desired molecular weight and of the desired degree of unsaturation. The'reaction can be stopped at the desired yield by adding to the reactor a material capable of quenching the reaction. Suitable quenching agents are alcohols, ethers, ketones and the like; ethyl alcohol is preferably employed for this purpose.
from about 1% to about 50% and preferably fromabout 5% to about 25% (by weight) Of the reactants employed. It is advantageous to maintain a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as, for
example, an atmosphere of nitrogen, above the reaction mixtures. Usuall 'it is preferable to use an amount of the phosphorus sulfide that will completely react with the olefin so that no further purification becomes necessary. However, excess phosphorus sulfide may be used and separated from the product after heating is discontinued by filtering or by diluting with a solvent such as hexane, filtering, and subsequently distillin -off the solvent. If desired,'the reaction product may be further treated b blowing with steam at an elevated temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F. to improve the odor thereof.
The phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product normally shows a titratable acidity. This titratable acidit is neutralized when the reaction product is treated with a basic reagent. The
phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product when neutralized with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent is characterized by the presence or retention of the metal constituent of the reagent. heavy metal constituent may be introduced into the neutralized product by reacting the same with a salt of the desired heavy metal.
The term neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product as usedherein means a.
phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product having at least about 1% of its titratable acidity reduced by the reaction with a basic reagent, and includes the neutralized phosphorus sulfideeolefir'i reaction products containing a metal constituent resulting from said neutralization or resulting from the reaction of a heavy metal salt with the phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product with a basic reagent. 7
The neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product may be obtained by adding to the reaction product a. suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or of an alkali metal, preferably potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Other basic reagents may be used, such as, for example, ammonia, or alkyl 'or aryl substituted ammonia, such as amines. As aforesaid when the phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product is basicity may be obtained.
heavy metal with the phosphorus sulfide-olefin reaction product which has been treated with a basic reagent.
It will be understood that when the neutralization is accomplished with a. polyvalent basic material, such as lime, a product having excess In accordance with the present invention the foregoing neutralized reaction products are emplayed in lubricants in small amounts in combination with small amounts of the aforementioned organic sulfurgbearing compounds or sulfur. The neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin or olefin polymer reaction product is employed in amounts within the range of from about0.001%
- to about 10% and-preferabl from about 0.01%
Other metal constituents such as a neutralized with a basic compound containing a stituent such as, for example, tin, titanium, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron and the like may be obtained by reacting a salt of the desired to about 3%, while the organic sulfur-bearing compound or sulfur is employed in amounts sufficient to give a free sulfur content within the range of from about 0.001% to about 5%, Dreierably from about 0.002% to about 3%.
The improvement obtained when a small amount of a sulfur-bearing organic compound or sulfur is used in combination with a. neutralized phosphorus sulfide-olefin or olefin reaction product is illustrated by the corrosion dat presented in the following table. The data presented therein are those obtained by immersing a. copper strip having an area of about 6.5 square centimeters and a lead strip having an area of about 3.5 square centimeters in 380 cc. of oil malntained at a temperature of 315 F. the test piece being suspended on a glass rod which-is rotated at R. P. M, At intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours th lead test pieces are removed, cleaned, dried and the loss in weight in milligrmns noted. The
following oils were tested by the abov method:
up o w I E+0.1% sulfurized .mineral oil containing about 1.5% free sulfur. G. E+0.25% sulfurized mineral oil containing about 1.5% free sulfur- H. E+1% sulfurized mineral oil containing about 1.5% free sulfur.
Table I Lead corrosionloss in milligrams nil 24 his. 48 hrs. 72 hrs.
11 1. 325 sis-s C 11.1 1.8 21.9 1.0 9.3 37.11 1-: 111.3 715 F 0.8 as 41.7 (1,. 1.1 3.1 01.1 li 0.4 7.2 50.2
The above data show decrease in corrosipn affected by the use of a specific organic sulfur ompound, employed in combination with a. neutralized olefin polymer-phosphorus sulfide reFction product in mineral oil. The improvement obtained and the degreeof improvement eflected applied to mineral lubricating oils, our invention contemplates the use of sulfur-beefing organic compounds of the type described or elemental sulfur in combination with the neutralized reaction roducts of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin or olefin polymer, in products other than the mineral lubricating oils such as, for examp e, fuel oils, insulating oils, non-drying vegetable and animal oils, synthetic oils, greases and the like.
The term olefin as used in the P rase "P phorus sulfide-olefin reaction produc as applied herein and in the appended claims includes efins, olefin polymers and olefin copolymers.
While we have described our invention by reference to various representative constituents and have illustrated the sameby reference to specific examples thereof, our invention is not to be lim-. ited to the various representative compounds named or to the specific examples given but includes within its scope such modifications as come within the spirit of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfurphosphorus pentasulfide and an isobutylene polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300.
'l. A lubricant composition as described in claim 8 in which the neutralized reaction product contains a metal vconstituent.
.8. A lubricant as described in claim 6 in which the neutralized reaction product. contains potassium.
phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction prodnot of phosphorus pentasulfide and an isobutylvone polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300, said neutralized reaction product containing potassium.
12. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil and in combination therewith a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing recontaining reaction product of a phosphorus sul- 2. A lubricant composition containing an oil and asmall amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound. and elemental sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfurcontaining reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin having at least 20 carbon atoms in a molecule of which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms are in a long chain.
3. A -1ubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur, and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300.
4. A lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an. organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur, and a action product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin.
13. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil,- a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of forming free sulfur upon decomposition and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an isobutylene polymer having a molecular weight of at-least about 14. A lubricant as described in claim 13 in which the organic sulfur compound is a sulfurized mineral oil.
15. A lubricant composition containing a mineral oil, a small amount of an organic sulfur com- 7 pound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a. phosphorus sulfide and an olefin having at least 20 carbon atoms in a moleculeof which from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms are in a long chain.
16. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil, a.
small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of forming free sulfur upon decomposition and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an isobutylene polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 300.
5. A lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of an organic sulfur compound and elemental sulfur and-a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of a mono-olefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHZn-a: in which x is 2 or a, multiple of 2.
6. A lubricant composition containing an oil and a small amount of an organic sulfur compound capable of decomposing to form free sulfur and a small amount of the neutralized phos phorus and sulfur-containing reaction product or of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of a monoolefin and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnHZn-z in which 2 is 2 or a multiple of 2.
17. A lubricant as described in claim 16 in which the mono-olefin is isobutylene and the non-aromatic hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n-z is butadiene.
18. a lubricant comprising a mineral oil, a small amount of an organic sulfur compound and a smallamount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a copolymer of isobutylene and chloroprene, said copolymer having a molecular weight of at least about 1,000.
19. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil, a small amount of a sulfurized oil and a small amount of the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and an olefin polymer havin'g a molecular weight of at least about 3,000.
potassium.
23. A lubricant as described in claim 20 in which the neutralized reaction product contains sodium. v
24. A lubricant as described in claim 20 in which the neutralized reaction product contains calcium.
25. The method of inhibiting corrosion and the formation of deposits of the type of sludge, carbon and varnish in an internal combustion engine during use comprising lubricating with an oil normally susceptible to form sludge, carbon and varnish in an internal combustion engine during use and in combination therewith small amounts of an organic sulfur compound capable of forming free sulfur upon decomposition and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a phosphorus sulfide with an olefin and neutralizing said product with a basic reagent, said organic sulfur compound being used in amounts sufficient to inhibit corrosion and said neutralized reaction product being used in amounts suilicient to inhibit the formation of deposits of bon and varnish.
26. A new composition of matter comprising: an oil; a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and an organic sulthe type of sludge, car- I fur compound; and, the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction phosphorus sulfide and an olefin.
27. A new composition of matter as described in claim 26 in which the neutralized reaction product contains a metal constituent.
28. A new composition or matter as described in claim 26 in which the neutralized reaction product contains potassium.
29. A new composition of matter as described product of a in claim 26 in which the neutralized reaction product contains sodium.
30. A new composition of matter as described in claim 26 in which the neutralized reaction product contains calcium.
' 31. A new composition or matter comprising: an oil; a sulfur compound selected from the class consisting of elemental sulfur and 'an organic sulfur compound; and, a neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a mono-olefin polymer.
CHARLES D. KELSO. LAWSON W. MDION.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US424967A US2316090A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE22464E true USRE22464E (en) | 1944-04-04 |
Family
ID=23684626
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US22464D Expired USRE22464E (en) | 1941-12-30 | Lubricant | |
US424967A Expired - Lifetime US2316090A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Lubricant |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US424967A Expired - Lifetime US2316090A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Lubricant |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US2316090A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2465292A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1949-03-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Chemical process |
US2494592A (en) * | 1945-05-19 | 1950-01-17 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process of treating synthetic polymers with phosphorus and sulfur and products obtained thereby |
US2802816A (en) * | 1953-11-02 | 1957-08-13 | Lubrizol Corp | Method of making organic lithium compounds |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2449933A (en) * | 1943-11-27 | 1948-09-21 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Method of making phosphorus-and sulfur-containing organic reaction products |
US2422585A (en) * | 1944-05-08 | 1947-06-17 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2463429A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-03-01 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2506597A (en) * | 1945-12-19 | 1950-05-09 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2584977A (en) * | 1946-07-09 | 1952-02-12 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating oil additives |
US2603603A (en) * | 1946-12-27 | 1952-07-15 | Gulf Oil Corp | Agents and mineral oil lubricant compositions containing the same |
US2456336A (en) * | 1947-03-24 | 1948-12-14 | Gulf Oil Corp | Agent and mineral oil lubricant compositions containing the same |
US2546552A (en) * | 1947-08-08 | 1951-03-27 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2536403A (en) * | 1947-10-02 | 1951-01-02 | Standard Oil Co | Quenching oil compositions |
US2507731A (en) * | 1947-10-17 | 1950-05-16 | Standard Oil Co | Process of reacting phosphorus sulfide and olefinic hydrocarbon |
US2587642A (en) * | 1948-02-03 | 1952-03-04 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricants and additives for lubricating oils and greases |
US2566241A (en) * | 1948-05-27 | 1951-08-28 | Standard Oil Co | Reaction product of phosphorus sulfide-polyolefin-oxygen containing organic compound and mineral oil compositions containing same |
US2500163A (en) * | 1948-10-29 | 1950-03-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Synthetic lubricants |
US2690977A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2690976A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2644792A (en) * | 1949-12-23 | 1953-07-07 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Compounded lubricating oil |
US2636858A (en) * | 1951-06-07 | 1953-04-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Mineral oil additive |
US2742429A (en) * | 1952-03-11 | 1956-04-17 | Sinclair Refining Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
BE538017A (en) * | 1954-05-10 | |||
US2833714A (en) * | 1955-09-28 | 1958-05-06 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions |
US2833715A (en) * | 1955-09-29 | 1958-05-06 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions |
US2883339A (en) * | 1955-10-18 | 1959-04-21 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions |
US2893959A (en) * | 1956-11-29 | 1959-07-07 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant composition having non-rusting and detergency properties |
US3280028A (en) * | 1963-01-28 | 1966-10-18 | Sinclair Research Inc | Lubricants containing load-carrying additives |
-
0
- US US22464D patent/USRE22464E/en not_active Expired
-
1941
- 1941-12-30 US US424967A patent/US2316090A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2494592A (en) * | 1945-05-19 | 1950-01-17 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process of treating synthetic polymers with phosphorus and sulfur and products obtained thereby |
US2465292A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1949-03-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Chemical process |
US2802816A (en) * | 1953-11-02 | 1957-08-13 | Lubrizol Corp | Method of making organic lithium compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US2316090A (en) | 1943-04-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE22464E (en) | Lubricant | |
US2688612A (en) | Preparation of phosphorus sulfidehydrocarbon reaction products and removal of inorganic phosphorous acids therefrom | |
US2316087A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2760933A (en) | Lubricants | |
US2316082A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2910439A (en) | Corrosion inhibited compositions | |
US2316088A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2712528A (en) | Mineral oil composition containing an improved hydrocarbon-phosphorus sulfide reaction product | |
US2367468A (en) | Lubricants | |
US2312750A (en) | Sulphurized addition agent for lubricants and lubricants containing the same | |
US2764547A (en) | Corrosion resistant lubricant composition | |
US2647889A (en) | Preparation of barium salts of phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products | |
US2493217A (en) | Mineral oil composition | |
US2507731A (en) | Process of reacting phosphorus sulfide and olefinic hydrocarbon | |
US2379453A (en) | Mineral oil composition | |
US2375315A (en) | Interface modifier | |
US2409799A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2921901A (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
US2546552A (en) | Lubricants | |
US2316083A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2422585A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2758089A (en) | Lubricants | |
US2799651A (en) | Corrosion inhibitors and compositions containing the same | |
US2316089A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2377955A (en) | Lubricant |