US2316087A - Lubricant - Google Patents
Lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2316087A US2316087A US399936A US39993641A US2316087A US 2316087 A US2316087 A US 2316087A US 399936 A US399936 A US 399936A US 39993641 A US39993641 A US 39993641A US 2316087 A US2316087 A US 2316087A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- product
- sulfur
- hydrocarbon
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 28
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
- C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in additives for lubricating oils, and in particular to an improved phosphorus and sulfur-containing additive for lubricating oils and to the meth- .od of preparing the same.
- the present' invention further relates to lubricants containing t e improved additive. These lubricants are particularly adapted for use in internal combustion engines such as spark-ignition internal combustion engines, and compression-ignition internal combustion engines, which operate under severe conditions wherein corrosion, piston ring sticking, sludge, cylinder wear, carbon and varnish formation may be encountered.
- Straight petroleum lubricants are effective within certain defined limits of engine operating conditions and when these limits are exceeded such lubricants frequently fail to give the desired performance demanded of them. Since in modern engines designed to give increased performance these limits are frequently exceeded, the use of straight mineral oils as lubricants in such engines produces undesirable conditions, such as excessive sludge, varnish, carbon formation, and corrosion of improved hard metal alloy bearings, which may be employed in such engines.
- the improvement comprises introducing sulfur into the phosphorus sulfide-olefin polymer or other phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products by means of sulfurization.
- the sulfurization may take place prior to or subsequent to the phosphorus sulfide reaction but preferably simultaneously with the latter.
- the product so obtained either undiluted or in solution in hexane or other suitable solvents, may then be treated at elevated temperatures from about 100 F. to about 600 F. and preferably from about 300 F.
- agents having an active hydrogen atom preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with an agent having an active hydrogen atom.
- agents having an active hydrogen atom preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with an agent having an active hydrogen atom.
- agents having an active hydrogen atom preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with an agent having an active hydrogen atom.
- agents which have an active hydrogen atom at elevated temperatures and which are well suited for the hereindescribed purpose are steam, alcohols, ammonia and amines.
- starting materials for the production of the phosphorus sulfide-olefin polymer reaction products are the polymers of olefinic hydrocarbons, particularly polymers of low molecular weight mono-olefinic hydrocarbons.
- the mono-olefin polymers to be treated are suitably the polymers resulting from the polymerization of low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene, isoamylene, etc. and/or the co-polymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing low molecular iso-mono-olefins, preferably together with normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six car n atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms.
- low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene, isoamylene, etc.
- co-polymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing low molecular iso-mono-olefins preferably together with normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six car n atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms.
- the polymer can be obtained by the polymerization of these mono-olefins or mixed mono-clefins in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts type.
- a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts type.
- the polymers employed are preferably monoolefin polymers, in which the molecular weight ranges from about 150 to about 50,000, or more, and preferably from about 500 to about 10,000. These polymers can be obtained, for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of isoolefins such as isobutylene or hydrocarbon mixtures containing the same at a temperature of from about F. to about F., in the presence of a catalyst such as boron fluoride.
- a catalyst such as boron fluoride.
- liquid isobutylene or a hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutylene, butanes, and butylene recovered from petroleum gases, especially those gases produced in the cracking of petroleum oils in the manufacture of gasoline. This light fraction may contain from about 10% to cipally butanes and normal butylene.
- the preparation of low molecular weight polymers having molecular weights varying from about 150 to about 2,000, from the butane-butylene-isobutylene fraction can be carried out as follows:
- the hydrocarbon mixture containing 10% to 25% isobutylene is maintained under pressure sufficient to keep it in the liquid phase and cooled to a temperature of, for example, from about F. to about 100 F. and preferably from about 0 F. to about 32 F. and from about 0.1% to about 2% boron fluoride, based upon the isobutylene content of the material treated, is added with vigorous agitation. Excessive rise in the temperature due to the heat of reaction can be avoided by efficient cooling.
- the reaction mass is neutralized and washed free of acidic substances arising from the catalyst, the oily layer is separated, and the polymer subsequently separated from the unreacted hydrocarbons by distillation.
- the polymer mixture so obtained depending upon the temperature of reaction, varies in consistency from a light liquid to a viscous oily material and contains polymers having molecular weights ranging from about 116 to 2,000.
- the polymers so obtained may be fractionated under reduced pressure into fractions of increasing molecular weights, for example, a distillate of about 150 seconds to about 200 seconds Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F., or other desired fractions, and the fractions, or any one of them, used as a starting material.
- the bottoms resulting from the distillation of the polymer are well suited for the purpose of the present invention. Bottoms having Saybolt Universal viscosities at 210 F. of from about 50 seconds to about 10,000 seconds, and preferably above 80 seconds can be employed.
- hydrocarbons which we can use as reactants in the preparation of the phosphorus sulfide reaction product are paraflins, olefins, aromatics or alkyl aromatics, cyclic aliphatics, petroleum fractions, such as lubricating oil fractions, petrolatums, waxes, cracking cycle stocks, condensation products of petroleum fractions, solvent extracts of petroleum extracts, etc.
- paraffin hydrocarbons can be those obtained from petroleum oils such as bright stock residuums, lubricating oil distillates, petrolatums, or paraffin waxes. We may also halogenate any of the foregoing paraflins and condense the same with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of anhydrous inorganic halides such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron fluoride and the like.
- high molecular weight olefinic hydrocarbons which we may employ as reactants are cetene (Cm) cerotene (C26) melene (Cao) and mixed high molecular weight alkenes obtained by cracking petroleum oils.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as for example, benzene, naphthalene, toluene, xylene, diphenyl and the like
- alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example, alkyl substituted benzene, alkyl substituted naphthalene, and the like in which the alkyl radical has at least four carbon atoms and in which the alkyl radical is preferably a long-chain radical such as paraffin wax.
- the hydrocarbon constituent may be sulfurized prior to, or subsequent to, the reaction with the I about 25% isobutylene, the remainder being prinphosphorus sulfide, although we prefer to sulfurize simultaneously with the reaction with phosphorus sulfide.
- sulfurization takes place prior to or subsequent to the treatment with the phosphorus sulfide it can be accomplished by treating the hydrocarbon or phosphorus-sulfide hydrocarbon reaction product respectively with elemental sulfur at a temperature of from about 250 F. to about 450 F. and preferably at a temperature from about 350 F. to about 375 F.
- a sulfur halide such as sulfur chloride in which case the sulfurization can be carried out at somewhat lower temperatures.
- the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be obtained by reacting a phosphorus sulfide such as, for example, P283, P481, P4S3, and preferably PzSs, with any of the above described hydrocarbons at temperatures of from about 200 F. to about 500 F. and preferably from about 300 F. to about 400 F.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as an atmosphere of nitrogen.
- the reaction product may be freed of the excess phosphorus sulfide by filtering or by diluting with a solvent such as hexane and filtering and subsequently removing the diluent.
- the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product as above obtained normally shows a titratable acidity which is neutralized when the reaction product is treated with a basic reagent.
- a basic reagent having a metal constituent the neutralized product is characterized by the presence or retention of the metal constituent of the reagent.
- Other metal constituents may be introduced into the neutralization product by reacting the same with a salt of the desired heavy metal.
- neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product means a phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product having at least about 1% of its titratable acidity reduced by the reaction with a basic reagent and includes the neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products containing a metal constituent resulting from said neutralization or resulting from the reaction of a heavy metal salt with the phosphorus sulfidehydrocarbon reaction product treated with a basic reagent.
- the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product or the sulfurized-phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be neutralized by treating the reaction product with a suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, a carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal, preferably calcium oxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide.
- a suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, a carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal, preferably calcium oxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide.
- Other basic reagents. may be used such as, for example, ammonia or an alkyl or aryl substituted ammonia, such as amines.
- the neutralization may be carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the neutralized product is characterized by the presence of the metal constituent of the basic reagent.
- Neutralized reaction products containing a heavy metal constituent such as, for example, tin, titanium, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron and the like, may be obtained by reacting a salt of the desired heavy metal with the reaction products which have been treated with a basic reagent.
- a polyvalent basic metal such as lime
- a product having excess basicity may be obtained.
- the neutralization of the titratable acidity may take place subsequent to sulfurization and reaction with the phosphorus sulfide, or the phosphorus sulfide reaction product may be neutralized and the neutralized product subsequently treated with sulfur, although the former procedure is preferred.
- EXAMPLE I An olefin polymer having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 210 F. of 83 seconds, prepared by polymerizing a mixture of butylenes and isobutylene in the presence of boron fluoride, was sulfurized with sulfur for 72 hours at a temperature of 341 F. Air. was bubbled through the reactants at a ,rate of 10 liters per hour to promote oxidation and to insure intimate contact of the sulfur'and the polymer. The final reaction product was diluted with two volumes of hexane, settled at 10 F. for hours, filtered to remove unreacted sulfur and the hexane subsequently removed from the filtrate by evaporation on a steam bath. The sulfurized product contained 6.16% sulfur.
- This sulfurized polymer oil was then reacted with 10% P285 for 6 hours at a temperature of 370 to 380 F. during which time nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture.
- This reaction product was then neutralized with 9% solid KOH at a temperature of 370 F. to 380 F. and then blown with nitrogen for an additional two hours within the same temperature range.
- the neutralized product had a phosphorus content of 2.09%, a sulfur content of 3.75% and a potassium content of 5.89%.
- the product after being blown with steam for about four hours at a temperature of from about 360 F. to about 370 F. had a sulfur content of about 1.7% and a phosphorus and potassium content substantially the same as above.
- EXAMPLE II An isobutylene polymer, having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 210 F. of about 3,000 seconds, obtained by polymerizing in the presence of boron fluoride a hydrocarbon mixture containing from about 10% to about isobutylene was reacted simultaneously with 10% phosphorus pentasulfide and 3% sulfur for five hours at 370 F. to 380 F. and then blown for an additional three hours with nitrogen Within the same temperature range. This product had a phosphorus content of 2.6% and a sulfur content of 6%.
- EXAMPLE III EXAMPLE IV A portion of the nitrogen blown neutralized product of Example III was blown with steam for four hours at 360 F. to 370 F. The final resulting product was clear, free of any hydrogen sulfide odor, and possessed an unobjectionable mild odor typical of sulfurized oils. This product had a phosphorus content of 2.6%, a sulfur content of-1.76% and a potassium content of 3%. The analyses of this product show that it contained stable sulfur which is not removed by the drastic steam treatment.
- Varnish values are based on a visual rating in which a glass rod free of any varnish is given a rating of 10 while a heavily coated rod is given a rating of 1, and a rod having a coating between these extremes is given an intermediate value between 1 and 10
- the following oils were subjected to the above test:
- a lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, and subsequently reacting the product so obtained with a basic reagent.
- a lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with sulfur and a phosphorus sulfide treating the reaction product with a basic reagent, and subsequently treating the neutralized reaction product at a temperature of from about 100 F. to about 600 F. with an agent having an active hydrogen atom.
- a lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting an isobutylene polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, treating the reaction product with a basic reagent, and subsequently blowing the neutralized reaction product with steam at a temperature of from about 300 F. to about 400 F. until the product is substantially free of hydrogen sulfide.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and a phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and subsequently treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurlzing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and then treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising simultaneously reacting an olefin polymer with sulfur and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
- a new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, neutralizing the reaction product with a basic reagent and blowing with an agent having an active hydrogen atom at a temperature of from about F. to about 600 F.
- a lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a small amount of the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a. metal constituent.
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Description
Patented Apr. 6, 1943 UNITED STATES LUBRICANT James W. Gaynor, Chicago, 111., and Clarence M. Loanc, Hammond, Ind., assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application June 26, 1941, Serial No. 399,936
21 Claims. (01. 252-48) The present invention relates to improvements in additives for lubricating oils, and in particular to an improved phosphorus and sulfur-containing additive for lubricating oils and to the meth- .od of preparing the same.
The present' invention further relates to lubricants containing t e improved additive. These lubricants are particularly adapted for use in internal combustion engines such as spark-ignition internal combustion engines, and compression-ignition internal combustion engines, which operate under severe conditions wherein corrosion, piston ring sticking, sludge, cylinder wear, carbon and varnish formation may be encountered.
Straight petroleum lubricants are effective within certain defined limits of engine operating conditions and when these limits are exceeded such lubricants frequently fail to give the desired performance demanded of them. Since in modern engines designed to give increased performance these limits are frequently exceeded, the use of straight mineral oils as lubricants in such engines produces undesirable conditions, such as excessive sludge, varnish, carbon formation, and corrosion of improved hard metal alloy bearings, which may be employed in such engines.
It is an object of the present invention to provide for internal combustion engines a lubricant which will be effective in providing adequate lubrication for such engines. It is a further object of the invention to provide a lubricant which Will not be conducive to the formation of sludge and/or varnish and/ or carbon. Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant which will reduce engine wear and be non-corrosive to bearings. It is another object of the present invention to provide an additive for lubricants which will inhibit the formation of sludge and/or carbon in lubricants to which it is added and further, which will inhibit corrosion and reduce engine wear. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds.
In co-pending applications Serial No. 384,942 filed March 24, 1941, and Serial No. 384,943 filed March 24, 1941, of which the present application is a continuation-in-part, there are respectively described improved methods of preparing phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products and phosphorus sulfide-olefin polymer reaction products as additives to mineral oils. ventions of the aforesaid applications relate to treating such reaction products at about 100 F. to about 600 F. with an agent having an active hydrogen atom such as for example, steam, in order to improve the odor thereof. While such treatment effectively eliminates the odor of these reaction products the treatment results in a decrease in the sulfur content of the final product.
We have now discovered an improved method The inof preparing phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon and/or olefin polymer reaction products which are substantially free of objectionable odors and which have a substantial sulfur content. In accordance with the present invention, the improvement comprises introducing sulfur into the phosphorus sulfide-olefin polymer or other phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products by means of sulfurization. The sulfurization may take place prior to or subsequent to the phosphorus sulfide reaction but preferably simultaneously with the latter. The product so obtained, either undiluted or in solution in hexane or other suitable solvents, may then be treated at elevated temperatures from about 100 F. to about 600 F. and preferably from about 300 F. to about 450 F., preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with an agent having an active hydrogen atom. Illustrative of the type of agents which have an active hydrogen atom at elevated temperatures and which are well suited for the hereindescribed purpose are steam, alcohols, ammonia and amines.
As starting materials for the production of the phosphorus sulfide-olefin polymer reaction products, are the polymers of olefinic hydrocarbons, particularly polymers of low molecular weight mono-olefinic hydrocarbons.
The mono-olefin polymers to be treated are suitably the polymers resulting from the polymerization of low molecular weight iso-mono-olefins such as isobutylene, isoamylene, etc. and/or the co-polymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing low molecular iso-mono-olefins, preferably together with normal mono-olefins such as those of less than six car n atoms, and preferably those of four carbon atoms. The polymer can be obtained by the polymerization of these mono-olefins or mixed mono-clefins in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts type.
The polymers employed are preferably monoolefin polymers, in which the molecular weight ranges from about 150 to about 50,000, or more, and preferably from about 500 to about 10,000. These polymers can be obtained, for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of isoolefins such as isobutylene or hydrocarbon mixtures containing the same at a temperature of from about F. to about F., in the presence of a catalyst such as boron fluoride. In the preparation of these polymers we may employ, for example, liquid isobutylene or a hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutylene, butanes, and butylene, recovered from petroleum gases, especially those gases produced in the cracking of petroleum oils in the manufacture of gasoline. This light fraction may contain from about 10% to cipally butanes and normal butylene.
The preparation of low molecular weight polymers having molecular weights varying from about 150 to about 2,000, from the butane-butylene-isobutylene fraction can be carried out as follows: The hydrocarbon mixture containing 10% to 25% isobutylene is maintained under pressure sufficient to keep it in the liquid phase and cooled to a temperature of, for example, from about F. to about 100 F. and preferably from about 0 F. to about 32 F. and from about 0.1% to about 2% boron fluoride, based upon the isobutylene content of the material treated, is added with vigorous agitation. Excessive rise in the temperature due to the heat of reaction can be avoided by efficient cooling. After the polymerization of the isobutylene together with a relatively minor amount of the normal olefins present, the reaction mass is neutralized and washed free of acidic substances arising from the catalyst, the oily layer is separated, and the polymer subsequently separated from the unreacted hydrocarbons by distillation. The polymer mixture so obtained, depending upon the temperature of reaction, varies in consistency from a light liquid to a viscous oily material and contains polymers having molecular weights ranging from about 116 to 2,000. The polymers so obtained may be fractionated under reduced pressure into fractions of increasing molecular weights, for example, a distillate of about 150 seconds to about 200 seconds Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F., or other desired fractions, and the fractions, or any one of them, used as a starting material. The bottoms resulting from the distillation of the polymer are well suited for the purpose of the present invention. Bottoms having Saybolt Universal viscosities at 210 F. of from about 50 seconds to about 10,000 seconds, and preferably above 80 seconds can be employed.
Other hydrocarbons which we can use as reactants in the preparation of the phosphorus sulfide reaction product are paraflins, olefins, aromatics or alkyl aromatics, cyclic aliphatics, petroleum fractions, such as lubricating oil fractions, petrolatums, waxes, cracking cycle stocks, condensation products of petroleum fractions, solvent extracts of petroleum extracts, etc.
The paraffin hydrocarbons can be those obtained from petroleum oils such as bright stock residuums, lubricating oil distillates, petrolatums, or paraffin waxes. We may also halogenate any of the foregoing paraflins and condense the same with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of anhydrous inorganic halides such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron fluoride and the like.
As examples of high molecular weight olefinic hydrocarbons which we may employ as reactants are cetene (Cm) cerotene (C26) melene (Cao) and mixed high molecular weight alkenes obtained by cracking petroleum oils.
Another class of compounds which may be used as starting materials are the aromatic hydrocarbons such as for example, benzene, naphthalene, toluene, xylene, diphenyl and the like, or alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example, alkyl substituted benzene, alkyl substituted naphthalene, and the like in which the alkyl radical has at least four carbon atoms and in which the alkyl radical is preferably a long-chain radical such as paraffin wax.
In the preparation of our improved additive, the hydrocarbon constituent may be sulfurized prior to, or subsequent to, the reaction with the I about 25% isobutylene, the remainder being prinphosphorus sulfide, although we prefer to sulfurize simultaneously with the reaction with phosphorus sulfide. When the sulfurization takes place prior to or subsequent to the treatment with the phosphorus sulfide it can be accomplished by treating the hydrocarbon or phosphorus-sulfide hydrocarbon reaction product respectively with elemental sulfur at a temperature of from about 250 F. to about 450 F. and preferably at a temperature from about 350 F. to about 375 F. We can also accomplish the sulfurization with a sulfur halide such as sulfur chloride in which case the sulfurization can be carried out at somewhat lower temperatures.
The phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be obtained by reacting a phosphorus sulfide such as, for example, P283, P481, P4S3, and preferably PzSs, with any of the above described hydrocarbons at temperatures of from about 200 F. to about 500 F. and preferably from about 300 F. to about 400 F. The reaction is preferably carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as an atmosphere of nitrogen.
From about 1% to about 50% and preferably from about 5% to about 25% of the phosphorus sulfide can be used. If an excess of the phosphorus sulfide is used the reaction product may be freed of the excess phosphorus sulfide by filtering or by diluting with a solvent such as hexane and filtering and subsequently removing the diluent.
The phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product as above obtained normally shows a titratable acidity which is neutralized when the reaction product is treated with a basic reagent. When the neutralization is carried out with a basic reagent having a metal constituent the neutralized product is characterized by the presence or retention of the metal constituent of the reagent. Other metal constituents may be introduced into the neutralization product by reacting the same with a salt of the desired heavy metal.
The term neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product" as used herein means a phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product having at least about 1% of its titratable acidity reduced by the reaction with a basic reagent and includes the neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products containing a metal constituent resulting from said neutralization or resulting from the reaction of a heavy metal salt with the phosphorus sulfidehydrocarbon reaction product treated with a basic reagent.
The phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product or the sulfurized-phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be neutralized by treating the reaction product with a suitable basic compound such as a hydroxide, a carbonate, or an oxide of an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal, preferably calcium oxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. Other basic reagents. may be used such as, for example, ammonia or an alkyl or aryl substituted ammonia, such as amines. The neutralization may be carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. As aforesaid when the reaction product is neutralized with a basic compound having a metal constituent the neutralized product is characterized by the presence of the metal constituent of the basic reagent. Neutralized reaction products containing a heavy metal constituent such as, for example, tin, titanium, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron and the like, may be obtained by reacting a salt of the desired heavy metal with the reaction products which have been treated with a basic reagent. When the neutralization is accomplished with a polyvalent basic metal, such as lime, a product having excess basicity may be obtained.
The neutralization of the titratable acidity may take place subsequent to sulfurization and reaction with the phosphorus sulfide, or the phosphorus sulfide reaction product may be neutralized and the neutralized product subsequently treated with sulfur, although the former procedure is preferred.
The following examples re set forth as illustrative of the present inven ion and it is not our intention thereby to limit the scope of the invention to the examples given.
EXAMPLE I An olefin polymer having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 210 F. of 83 seconds, prepared by polymerizing a mixture of butylenes and isobutylene in the presence of boron fluoride, was sulfurized with sulfur for 72 hours at a temperature of 341 F. Air. was bubbled through the reactants at a ,rate of 10 liters per hour to promote oxidation and to insure intimate contact of the sulfur'and the polymer. The final reaction product was diluted with two volumes of hexane, settled at 10 F. for hours, filtered to remove unreacted sulfur and the hexane subsequently removed from the filtrate by evaporation on a steam bath. The sulfurized product contained 6.16% sulfur.
This sulfurized polymer oil was then reacted with 10% P285 for 6 hours at a temperature of 370 to 380 F. during which time nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture. This reaction product was then neutralized with 9% solid KOH at a temperature of 370 F. to 380 F. and then blown with nitrogen for an additional two hours within the same temperature range. The neutralized product had a phosphorus content of 2.09%, a sulfur content of 3.75% and a potassium content of 5.89%. The product after being blown with steam for about four hours at a temperature of from about 360 F. to about 370 F. had a sulfur content of about 1.7% and a phosphorus and potassium content substantially the same as above.
EXAMPLE II An isobutylene polymer, having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 210 F. of about 3,000 seconds, obtained by polymerizing in the presence of boron fluoride a hydrocarbon mixture containing from about 10% to about isobutylene was reacted simultaneously with 10% phosphorus pentasulfide and 3% sulfur for five hours at 370 F. to 380 F. and then blown for an additional three hours with nitrogen Within the same temperature range. This product had a phosphorus content of 2.6% and a sulfur content of 6%.
EXAMPLE III EXAMPLE IV A portion of the nitrogen blown neutralized product of Example III was blown with steam for four hours at 360 F. to 370 F. The final resulting product was clear, free of any hydrogen sulfide odor, and possessed an unobjectionable mild odor typical of sulfurized oils. This product had a phosphorus content of 2.6%, a sulfur content of-1.76% and a potassium content of 3%. The analyses of this product show that it contained stable sulfur which is not removed by the drastic steam treatment.
The eifectiveness of the deodorized sulfurized PzSs-olefin polymer reaction products in improving the stability of lubricating oils is demonstrated by a test described as follows: 250 cc. of the oil to be tested is heated at 330 F. to 332 F. in a. 500 cc. glass beaker in the presence of five square inches of copper and ten square inches of iron. Four glass rods of six millimeter diameter are suspended in the oil which is stirred at about 1300 R. P. M. with a glass stirrer having a 40 blade pitch. At stated intervals oil samples are taken and the sludge, acidity and viscosity values determined. The glass rods are also inspected for evidence of varnish formation thereon. Varnish values are based on a visual rating in which a glass rod free of any varnish is given a rating of 10 while a heavily coated rod is given a rating of 1, and a rod having a coating between these extremes is given an intermediate value between 1 and 10 The following oils were subjected to the above test:
TABLE I of the product of Example II of the product of Example IV i l i Sludge Acidity max/l0 g. oil mg. KOH/g. oil
92 24 I 48 72 92 24 4X 72 92 hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs.
Varnish Oil 24 hrs.
48 hrs.
72 hrs.
The above data show the effectiveness of our improved additive in inhibiting the formation of sludge and acidity in lubricating oils and in preventing the development of varnish forming bodies in lubricants.
The effectiveness of the hereindescribed additive in inhibiting corrosion to alloy bearings, particularly lead-containing alloy bearings is demonstrated by the following data shown in Table II. These data are obtained by placing strips of copper lead bearings and small lead strips in samples of motor oils with and without the inhibitor added thereto. and maintaining the oil at a temperature of about 330 F. The test is carricd out by placing 250 cc. of the oil to be tested in a 500 cc. glass beaker in which the test strips are suspended and heating the oil to a temperature of 330 F. to 332 F. while agitating the oil by means of a mechanical stirrer. At intervals the strips are removed from the oil, washed and weighed and the loss in weight determined. After each determination of the corrosion loss the strips are polished and reweighed before being replaced in the oil. The strips used in the test hereindescribed had a surface area of about '1 square centimeters. The data tabulated in Table II were obtained with the following oils:
TABLE II Lead corrosion lss-mgs./strip M Ti 11-1 1-2 2c 3-4 4-20 8g I hour hours hours hours hours 040 l 1 l i i l 011 A. 1 l 0,11 11.1 14.0 3911i are; war one... 0.0 0.3 1.1 2.2 47 50.0 0110... 0.2 11.4 (in 1.0. an 55.2
The above data clearly show the corrosion inhibiting effect of the hereindescribed addition agent.
While we have described the use of the sulfurized-phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product in lubricating oils for which use the reaction product may be employed in amounts of from about 0.001% to about 10% and preferably from about 0.01% to about 3%, our invention is not limited to such use since these reaction products may be used in other petroleum products such as insulating oils, white oils, greases, waxes, etc.
The reaction product per se made according to this invention, and the process of preparing same are claimed in a copending application.
Although we have described preferred embodiments of our invention other modifications may be used without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and we do not wish to limit our invention to the specific example set forth herein except insofar as the same is defined by the following claims.
We claim:
1. A lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, and subsequently reacting the product so obtained with a basic reagent.
2. A lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with sulfur and a phosphorus sulfide treating the reaction product with a basic reagent, and subsequently treating the neutralized reaction product at a temperature of from about 100 F. to about 600 F. with an agent having an active hydrogen atom.
3. A lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the phosphorus and sulfurcontaining product obtained by the process comprising reacting an isobutylene polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, treating the reaction product with a basic reagent, and subsequently blowing the neutralized reaction product with steam at a temperature of from about 300 F. to about 400 F. until the product is substantially free of hydrogen sulfide.
4. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and a phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and subsequently treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
5. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting a hydrocarbon with a sulfurlzing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent.
6. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the neutralized phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
7. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and then treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a metal constituent.
8. A new composition as described in claim 7 in which the metal is an alkali metal.
. 9. A new composition as described in claim '1 in which the metal is potassium.
10. A new composition as described in claim 7 in which the metal is sodium.
v11. A new composition as described in claim 7 in which the metal is an alkaline earth metal.
12. A new composition as decribed in claim 7 in which the metal is calcium.
13. A new composition as described in claim 7 in which the olefin polymer is a mono-olefin polymer, the sulfurizing agent is elemental sulfur and the phosphorus sulfide is phosphorus pentasulfide.
14. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising simultaneously reacting an olefin polymer with sulfur and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent.
15. A new composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil and the phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide, neutralizing the reaction product with a basic reagent and blowing with an agent having an active hydrogen atom at a temperature of from about F. to about 600 F.
16. A lubricant containing a lubricating oil and a small amount of the metal-containing and phosphorus and sulfur-containing product obtained by the process comprising reacting an olefin polymer with a sulfurizing agent and a phosphorus sulfide and treating the reaction product with a basic reagent containing a. metal constituent.
17. A lubricant as described in claim which the metal is an alkali metal.
18. A lubricant as described in claim which the metal is potassium.
19. A lubricant as described in claim which the metal is sodium.
20. A lubricant as described in claim 16 in which the metal is an alkaline earth metal.
21. A lubricant as described in claim 16 in which the metal is calcium.
JAMES W. GAYNOR. CLARENCE M. LOANE.
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Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2415838A (en) * | 1943-06-04 | 1947-02-18 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating composition preparation |
US2415837A (en) * | 1943-06-04 | 1947-02-18 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant or the like |
US2438876A (en) * | 1945-02-17 | 1948-03-30 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil composition |
US2465902A (en) * | 1945-06-09 | 1949-03-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Stabilized liquid petroleum hydrocarbon |
US2506573A (en) * | 1946-06-01 | 1950-05-09 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant composition |
US2506597A (en) * | 1945-12-19 | 1950-05-09 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2580005A (en) * | 1947-12-31 | 1951-12-25 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricating compositions |
US2580430A (en) * | 1946-08-24 | 1952-01-01 | Standard Oil Co | Catalyzed sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products and method of making same |
US2594279A (en) * | 1949-02-17 | 1952-04-29 | Sinclair Refining Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US2619462A (en) * | 1949-03-03 | 1952-11-25 | Sinclair Refining Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US2626208A (en) * | 1949-12-19 | 1953-01-20 | Standard Oil Co | Preparation of stable distillate fuels from cracked stocks |
US2665252A (en) * | 1948-09-25 | 1954-01-05 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricants |
US2689846A (en) * | 1949-12-14 | 1954-09-21 | American Cyanamid Co | Terpene-phosphorous pentasulfidesulfur lubricating oil additive |
US2690976A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2690977A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2721862A (en) * | 1949-12-30 | 1955-10-25 | Pure Oil Co | Sulfurized terpenes and three step process for making same utilizing sulfurization promoters |
US2809979A (en) * | 1954-01-26 | 1957-10-15 | Lubrizol Corp | Organic phosphinodithioic compounds and methods for preparing same |
US2911371A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1959-11-03 | Standard Oil Co | Cleaning metal surfaces with hydrocarbon solvents |
DE1074571B (en) * | 1960-02-04 | Esso Research and Engineering Company, Elizabeth, N J (V St A) | Process for stabilizing phosphorus-sulphurized hydrocarbons | |
US2928727A (en) * | 1953-11-30 | 1960-03-15 | Standard Oil Co | Stable petroleum distillate fuels |
US3049871A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1962-08-21 | Standard Oil Co | Jet fuel composition |
US3075040A (en) * | 1957-07-26 | 1963-01-22 | Siemens Ag | Method for improving the electric strength and flash-over or glowdischarge resistance of olefine polymers |
WO2008120236A2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-09 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
US20100116718A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2010-05-13 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using new synergetic combination of phosphorus compounds |
US20100264064A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-10-21 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | novel additive for naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition and method of using the same |
US20110160405A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-06-30 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | Effective novel polymeric additive for inhibiting napthenic acid corrosion and method of using the same |
US20110214980A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-09-08 | Mahesh Subramaniyam | New additive for inhibiting acid corrosion and method of using the new additive |
-
1941
- 1941-06-26 US US399936A patent/US2316087A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1074571B (en) * | 1960-02-04 | Esso Research and Engineering Company, Elizabeth, N J (V St A) | Process for stabilizing phosphorus-sulphurized hydrocarbons | |
US2415837A (en) * | 1943-06-04 | 1947-02-18 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant or the like |
US2415838A (en) * | 1943-06-04 | 1947-02-18 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating composition preparation |
US2438876A (en) * | 1945-02-17 | 1948-03-30 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil composition |
US2465902A (en) * | 1945-06-09 | 1949-03-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Stabilized liquid petroleum hydrocarbon |
US2506597A (en) * | 1945-12-19 | 1950-05-09 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2506573A (en) * | 1946-06-01 | 1950-05-09 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant composition |
US2580430A (en) * | 1946-08-24 | 1952-01-01 | Standard Oil Co | Catalyzed sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products and method of making same |
US2580005A (en) * | 1947-12-31 | 1951-12-25 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricating compositions |
US2665252A (en) * | 1948-09-25 | 1954-01-05 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricants |
US2594279A (en) * | 1949-02-17 | 1952-04-29 | Sinclair Refining Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US2619462A (en) * | 1949-03-03 | 1952-11-25 | Sinclair Refining Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US2690976A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2690977A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1954-10-05 | Standard Oil Co | Asphalt blend |
US2689846A (en) * | 1949-12-14 | 1954-09-21 | American Cyanamid Co | Terpene-phosphorous pentasulfidesulfur lubricating oil additive |
US2626208A (en) * | 1949-12-19 | 1953-01-20 | Standard Oil Co | Preparation of stable distillate fuels from cracked stocks |
US2721862A (en) * | 1949-12-30 | 1955-10-25 | Pure Oil Co | Sulfurized terpenes and three step process for making same utilizing sulfurization promoters |
US2928727A (en) * | 1953-11-30 | 1960-03-15 | Standard Oil Co | Stable petroleum distillate fuels |
US2809979A (en) * | 1954-01-26 | 1957-10-15 | Lubrizol Corp | Organic phosphinodithioic compounds and methods for preparing same |
US2911371A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1959-11-03 | Standard Oil Co | Cleaning metal surfaces with hydrocarbon solvents |
US3075040A (en) * | 1957-07-26 | 1963-01-22 | Siemens Ag | Method for improving the electric strength and flash-over or glowdischarge resistance of olefine polymers |
US3049871A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1962-08-21 | Standard Oil Co | Jet fuel composition |
EP2132281A4 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2015-01-21 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals I Private Ltd | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
WO2008120236A2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-09 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
EP2132281A2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2009-12-16 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
US20100126842A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-05-27 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
US9090837B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2015-07-28 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using organophosphorous sulphur compounds and combinations thereof |
US20100116718A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2010-05-13 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using new synergetic combination of phosphorus compounds |
US9228142B2 (en) | 2007-04-04 | 2016-01-05 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition using new synergetic combination of phosphorus compounds |
US9115319B2 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2015-08-25 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | Additive for naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition and method of using the same |
US20100264064A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-10-21 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | novel additive for naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition and method of using the same |
US20110214980A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-09-08 | Mahesh Subramaniyam | New additive for inhibiting acid corrosion and method of using the new additive |
US20110160405A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-06-30 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (1) Private Limited | Effective novel polymeric additive for inhibiting napthenic acid corrosion and method of using the same |
US9890339B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2018-02-13 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (I) Private Limited | Additive for inhibiting acid corrosion and method of using the new additive |
US10787619B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2020-09-29 | Dorf Ketal Chemicals (India) Private Limited | Effective novel polymeric additive for inhibiting napthenic acid corrosion and method of using the same |
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