USPP30447P3 - Avocado tree named ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ - Google Patents

Abstract

A new and distinct avocado of Persea americana P. Mill. named ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’, particularly characterized by lower tendency towards alternate bearing, Phytophthora cinnamomi and salinity resistance, and induced productivity on the grafted varieties.

Description

Botanical name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Persea americana P. Mill.

Variety denomination: ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of avocado tree, botanically known as Persea americana P. Mill. of the Lauraceae family, and hereinafter referred to by the variety denomination ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

Clonal avocado rootstocks were developed in Israel on a small scale between the years 1962 to 1977 and on a large scale in the years following. During the entire period about 220 different rootstocks have been developed in an attempt to solve soil problems caused by stress factors such as salinity, lime, poor aeration and root-rot, and various combinations of these factors, while simultaneously improving productivity. Uniformity among trees and dwarfness were also taken into account as part of the search for better rootstocks. The development process included field evaluation on a very large scale, in which 350 experiments and 65000 trees took part.

The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ was discovered and selected by the inventors, Avraham Ben Ya'akov, Miriam Silberstein, and Vered Irihimovitch, growing in a cultivated area in the late 1970's in Ma'agan Michael, Israel. The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ was selected by the inventors based on lower tendency towards alternate bearing, Phytophthora cinnamomi and salinity resistance, induced productivity on the grafted varieties.

Asexual propagation of the new Persea americana P. Mill. variety by the Frolich method for vegetative propagation was first performed in March 1980 in the Volcani Center, Israel and has demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new variety are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual propagation. The new variety propagates true-to-type.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be characteristics of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV’ which in combination distinguish this avocado tree as a new, unique and distinct variety:

• • 1. lower tendency towards alternate bearing;
  • 2. Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance;
  • 3. Salinity resistance; and
  • 4. Induced productivity on the grafted varieties.

Of the many varieties known to the present inventors, the most similar in comparison to the new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ is Persea americana P. Mill. ‘DEGANIA 117’ (unpatented) which differ from the new variety ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ in the characteristics described in Table 1:

TABLE 1
Comparison with most similar variety.

	New Variety	Comparison Variety
Characteristic	‘BEN-YA′ACOV1’	‘Degania 117’
Productivity	High productivity as	High productivity as
	rootstock for ‘Pinkerton’	rootstock for ‘Hass’,
		‘Etinger’ and ‘Pinkerton’
Tree vigor	Dwarfing type	Vigorous type
characteristic

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS

The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new Persea americana P. Mill. variety ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ showing the colors as true as is reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed morphological description, which accurately describe the color of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’. Plants shown in the photographs are approximately two years old.

FIG. 1—Shows a typical tree of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

FIG. 2—Shows a typical leaf upper surface (left) and under surface (right) of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

FIG. 3—Shows a typical shoot of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

FIG. 4—Shows a typical vegetative bud of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new variety may vary with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity, day length, soil or pruning without any change in the genotype of the avocado plant.

The aforementioned photographs, together with the following observations, measurements and values describe trees of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ as grown in The Volcani Center, Israel, under conditions which closely approximate those generally used in commercial practice. The described plants were propagated by the Frolich method and planted at a distance of 6×4 m in sandy red loam soil at an elevation of about 30 meters above sea level with 700-1000 m3 per dunam per season of irrigation and N:P:K 30:30:5 of fertilizers. Average annual rainfall is about 550 mm, with an average 350 mm of rainfall in winter (December to February). Mean diurnal minimum temperature in January is 7.2° C., and mean diurnal maximum temperature in July is 30.8° C.

Unless otherwise stated, the detailed morphological description includes observations, measurements and values taken from 2014 to 2015 and based on two-year-old ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’ plants/trees grown in the orchard in The Volcani Center, Israel. Quantified measurements are expressed as an average or a range of measurements taken from a number of plants of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’. The measurements of any individual plant, or any group of plants, of the new variety may vary from the stated average or range.

Color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (R.H.S.), (1986 edition), except where general colors of ordinary significance are used. Color values were taken under daylight conditions in full sunlight in the Volcani Center, Israel.

All of the plants of ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’, insofar as they have been observed, have been consistent in all the characteristics described below.

• Classification:
  • • Botanical.—Persea americana P. Mill.
• Propagation: Frolich method.
• Growing conditions:
  • • Light intensities.—Full sunlight.

	January	February	March	April	May	June
Mean	17.8	18.1	20.1	24.5	27	29.2
maximum air
temperature
(° C.)
Mean	7.2	7.1	8.8	11.5	14.6	17.9
minimum air
temperature
(° C.)
Mean rainfall	140.5	96.9	66.1	17.5	2.2	—
(mm)

Sep-

De-

	July	August	tember	October	November	cember
Mean	30.8	31.2	30.4	28.3	24.1	19.7
maximum air
temperature
(° C.)
Mean	20.6	21.2	19.4	16	11.8	8.6
minimum air
temperature
(° C.)
Mean rainfall	—	—	0.4	20.4	76.2	130.3
(mm)

• • • Fertilization.—A balanced fertilizer with level of N:P:K 30:30:5.
    • Growth regulators.—As used in commercial practice.

TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

	TREE:
	Age:	Observed trees were two years old.
	Tree	Type: West Indian.
		Vigor: strong.
		Growth habit: semi-upright.
		General shape: globular.
		Density of canopy: dense.
		Height: about 2 m.
		Number of main branches: 2.
	Main branch	Attitude: semi-upright.
	Trunk	Diameter at 50 cm height: about 25 cm.
		Surface Texture: very rough
		Color of Bark: RHS 199B
		Lenticels: Not visible
	Young shoot	Color: light green RHS 144 B.
		Color of lenticel: medium green RHS 144 A.
		Shape of lenticels: elongated or rounded.
		Density of lenticels: dense.
		Size of lenticel: about 1 mm.
	Shoot	Length of internode: 35-56 cm.
		Thickness: 10-13 mm.
		Color: light green RHS 144 B.
	Vegetative	Shape: conical.
	bud	Length: 3-5 mm.
		Color: medium to dark green RHS 152 A.
		Pubescence: strong.
	Young leaf	Color of pubescence of petiole: yellow-white
		RHS 158D.
		Color of upper side: medium to dark green
		RHS 137 A.
		Color of lower side: medium green RHS 138 B.
	Leaf	Attitude relative to shoot: horizontal.
	Leaf blade	Length: 22-24 cm.
		Width: 70-97 mm.
		Ratio length/width: longer than broad.
		Shape: elliptic.
		Shape of apex: obtuse.
		Tip: acuminate.
		Color of upper side: medium to dark green RHS
		137 A.
		Color of lower side: medium grayish green RHS
		147 C.
		Anthocyanin coloration: absent.
		Shape in cross section: v shaped.
		Shape of base: obtuse.
		Twisting along whole length: absent.
		Twisting of apex: present.
		Undulation of margin: strong.
		Relief of venation on upper surface: at level.
		Relief of venation on lower surface: raised.
		Color of veins of upper side: medium yellow green
		RHS 151 A.
		Color of veins of lower side: medium yellow green
		RHS 151 A.
		Number of secondary veins: about 7.
		Distance of secondary veins: 2-3 cm.
		Density of pubescence on upper surface: sparse.
		Density of pubescence on lower surface: medium.
		Color of hairs: green-yellow RHS 1D.
		Anise aroma: present.
	Petiole	Length: 25-35 mm.
		Thickness: 3-4 mm.
		Color: medium yellow green RHS 151 A.
		Pubescence: weak.
		Cross section: rounded and truncate.
		Lenticels: few to medium.
	Inflorescence	Flowering Period: end March to mid April
		Diameter: 12-23 cm
		Length of Main Axis: 10-15 mm
		Thickness of Main Axis: 5-7 mm
		Number of Branches: 3 to 5
		Length of Lowest Branch: 70-100 mm
		Pubescence: Strong
		Color: RHS 145A
		Anthocyanin coloration: Absent
		Lenticel Size: Less than pinhead
		Lenticel Shape: Rounded
		Lenticel Color: RHS 152B
		Nectary Position: Along axis
		Nectary Size: Pinhead
		Nectary Color: RHS 152A
	Flower	Pedicel Length: 5-7 mm
		Number of Petals: 6
		Diameter: 6-8 mm
		Shape: Star-shaped
		Fragrance: Weak
	Petal	Length: 3-5 mm
		Width: 2-3 mm
		Shape: Obovate
		Upper Surface Color: RHS 147D
		Lower Surface Color: RHS 147C
		Texture (Upper and Lower surfaces): Smooth
	Sepal	Position: Fused at base
		Shape: Obovate
		Length: 3-6 mm
		Width: 2-3 mm
		Outer Surface Color: RHS 147C
		Inner Surface Color: RHS 147D
		Outer Surface Pubescence: Strong
		Inner Surface Pubescence: Not visible
	Style	Number: One
		Shape: Straight
		Length: 1 mm
		Color: RHS 153B
		Pubescence: Smooth
	Stamen	Number: Eight
		Filament Length: 1-2 mm
		Filament Color: RHS 147D
		Filament Texture: Smooth
		Anther Size: 1-2 mm
		Anther Shape: Elongated
		Anther Color: RHS 13A
		Pollen Color: RHS 13C

• Disease resistance: Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance.
• Pest resistance: No atypical resistance has been noted.
• Disease susceptibility: None observed.
• Pest susceptibility: None observed.

Claims (1)

I claim:

1. A new and distinct avocado variety of Persea americana P. Mill. named ‘BEN-YA'ACOV1’, as illustrated and described herein.

Images