USPP30353P3 - Avocado tree named ‘MIRIAM’ - Google Patents
Avocado tree named ‘MIRIAM’ Download PDFInfo
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- USPP30353P3 USPP30353P3 US15/330,548 US201615330548V USPP30353P3 US PP30353 P3 USPP30353 P3 US PP30353P3 US 201615330548 V US201615330548 V US 201615330548V US PP30353 P3 USPP30353 P3 US PP30353P3
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- miriam
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- 235000015898 miriam Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000002426 Persea americana var. drymifolia Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000233618 Phytophthora cinnamomi Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218195 Lauraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007265 Myrrhis odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233614 Phytophthora Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004760 Pimpinella anisum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000022602 disease susceptibility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/52—Lauraceae, e.g. avocado
- A01H6/525—Persea [avocado]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- MIRIAM Variety denomination: ‘MIRIAM’.
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of avocado tree, botanically known as Persea americana P. Mill. of the Lauraceae family, and hereinafter referred to by the variety denomination ‘MIRIAM’.
- the new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ was discovered and selected by the inventors, Avraham Ben Ya'akov, Miriam Silberstein, and Vered Irihimovitch, growing in a cultivated area in the late 1970's in Givat Haim, Israel.
- the new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ was selected by the inventors based on Phytophthora cinnamomi , drought, Alkaline soils and salinity resistance.
- MIRIAM Persea americana P. Mill. ‘Degania 117’ (unpatented) which differs from the new avocado ‘MIRIAM’ in the characteristics described in Table 1:
- FIG. 1 Shows typical trees of ‘MIRIAM’.
- FIG. 2 Shows a typical leaf upper surface (left) and under surface (right) of ‘MIRIAM’.
- FIG. 3 Shows a typical shoot of ‘MIRIAM’.
- FIG. 4 Shows a typical vegetative bud of ‘MIRIAM’.
- FIG. 5 Shows typical buds and inflorescences of ‘MIRIAM’.
- the new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions.
- the phenotype of the new variety may vary with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity, day length, soil or pruning without any change in the genotype of the avocado plant.
- the detailed morphological description includes observations, measurements and values taken from 2014 to 2015 and based on two-year-old ‘MIRIAM’ plants/trees grown in the orchard in The Volcani Center, Israel. Quantified measurements are expressed as an average or a range of measurements taken from a number of plants of ‘MIRIAM’. The measurements of any individual plant, or any group of plants, of the new variety may vary from the stated average or range.
- Color of upper side medium green RHS 144 A. Color of lower side: medium green RHS 146 C. Anthocyanin coloration: absent. Shape in cross section: straight. Shape of base: obtuse. Twisting along whole length: absent. Twisting of apex: slight. Undulation of margin: medium. Relief of venation on upper surface: at level. Relief of venation on lower surface: raised. Color of veins of upper side: light green RHS 145 A. Color of veins of lower side: light green RHS 144 B. Number of secondary veins: 6 or 7 or 8. Distance of secondary veins: 1-1.5 cm. Density of pubescence on upper surface: absent. Density of pubescence on lower surface: medium. Color of hairs: white, RHS 155B.
- Anise aroma weak. Petiole Length: 35-50 mm. Thickness: about 3 mm. Color: light green RHS 144 B. Pubescence: medium. Cross section: rounded and truncate. Lenticels: few. Inflorescence Length of axis: 30-38 mm. Thickness of axis: 5-6 mm. Number of side branches: 4 or 5 or 6 or 7. Length of lowest branch: 60-85 mm. Pubescence: medium. Color: 'medium yellow green RHS 151 A. Anthocyanin coloration: absent. Size of lenticels: pinhead. Shape of lenticels: rounded. Color of lenticels: 152B. Flower Position of nectary: along the main axis.
- nectary pinhead. Color of nectary: 152C. Length of pedicel: 5-7 mm. Number of petals: 6. Diameter: 8-10 mm. Shape: star shape. Fragrance: none. Number of styles: 1. Number of stamen: usually 6. Petal Length: 2-3 mm. Width: about 2 mm. Shape: triangular. Color of upper side: 'medium yellow green RHS 151 A. Color of lower side: 151B. Texture of Upper and Lower Surfaces: smooth. Style Shape of style: curved. Length of style: about 3 mm. Color of style: very light green RHS 145 D. Pubescence: not visible. Stamen Number: usually 6. Length of filament: 2-3 mm.
- Color of filament very light green RHS 145 D. Pubescence of filament: not visible. Anther Size: pinhead. Shape: elongated. Color: 151D. Color of pollen: 151D. Sepal Shape: triangular. Length: miniscule. Width: miniscule. Color of outer surface: 151D. Color of inner surface: 151D.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct avocado of Persea americana P. Mill. named ‘MIRIAM’, particularly characterized by resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi, drought, Alkaline soils, and salinity.
Description
Botanical name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Persea americana P. Mill.
Variety denomination: ‘MIRIAM’.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of avocado tree, botanically known as Persea americana P. Mill. of the Lauraceae family, and hereinafter referred to by the variety denomination ‘MIRIAM’.
Clonal avocado rootstocks were developed in Israel on a small scale between the years 1962 to 1977 and on a large scale in the years following. During the entire period about 220 different rootstocks have been developed in an attempt to solve soil problems caused by stress factors such as salinity, lime, poor aeration and root-rot, and various combinations of these factors, while simultaneously improving productivity. Uniformity among trees and dwarfness were also taken into account as part of the search for better rootstocks. The development process included field evaluation on a very large scale, in which 350 experiments and 65000 trees took part.
The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ was discovered and selected by the inventors, Avraham Ben Ya'akov, Miriam Silberstein, and Vered Irihimovitch, growing in a cultivated area in the late 1970's in Givat Haim, Israel. The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ was selected by the inventors based on Phytophthora cinnamomi, drought, Alkaline soils and salinity resistance.
Asexual propagation of the new Persea americana P. Mill. variety by the Frolich method for vegetative propagation was first performed in March 1985 in The Volcani Center, Israel, and has demonstrated that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new variety are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual propagation. The new variety propagates true-to-type.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be characteristics of ‘MIRIAM’ which in combination distinguish this avocado tree as a new, unique and distinct variety:
-
- 1. Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance;
- 2. Drought resistance;
- 3. Alkaline soils resistance; and
- 4. Salinity resistance.
Of the many varieties known to the present inventors, the most similar in comparison to the new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ is Persea americana P. Mill. ‘Degania 117’ (unpatented) which differs from the new avocado ‘MIRIAM’ in the characteristics described in Table 1:
TABLE 1 |
Comparison with most similar variety. |
New Variety | Comparison Variety | |||
Characteristic | ‘MIRIAM’ | ‘Degania 117’ | ||
Phytophthora | Very high | High sensitivity | ||
cinnamomi | ||||
tolerance | ||||
Drought | Very high | Sensitive | ||
resistance | ||||
Tree vigor | medium | Vigorous type | ||
characteristic | ||||
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new Persea americana P. Mill. variety ‘MIRIAM’ showing the colors as true as is reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed morphological description, which accurately describe the color of ‘MIRIAM’. Plants shown in the photographs are approximately two years old.
The new Persea americana P. Mill. ‘MIRIAM’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new variety may vary with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity, day length, soil or pruning without any change in the genotype of the avocado plant.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following observations, measurements and values describe trees of ‘MIRIAM’ as grown in the orchard in The Volcani Center, Israel, under conditions which closely approximate those generally used in commercial practice. The described plants were propagated by the Frolich method and planted at a distance of 6×4 m in sandy red loam soil at an elevation of about 30 meters above sea level with 700-1000 m3 per dunam per season of irrigation and N:P:K 30:30:5 of fertilizers. Average annual rainfall is about 550 mm, with an average 350 mm of rainfall in winter (December to February). Mean diurnal minimum temperature in January is 7.2° C., and mean diurnal maximum temperature in July is 30.8° C.
Unless otherwise stated, the detailed morphological description includes observations, measurements and values taken from 2014 to 2015 and based on two-year-old ‘MIRIAM’ plants/trees grown in the orchard in The Volcani Center, Israel. Quantified measurements are expressed as an average or a range of measurements taken from a number of plants of ‘MIRIAM’. The measurements of any individual plant, or any group of plants, of the new variety may vary from the stated average or range.
Color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (R.H.S.), (1986 edition), except where general colors of ordinary significance are used. Color values were taken under daylight conditions in full sunlight in the the Volcani Center, Israel.
All of the plants of ‘MIRIAM’, insofar as they have been observed, have been consistent in all the characteristics described below.
- Classification:
-
- Botanical.—Persea americana P. Mill.
-
- Propagation: Frolich method.
- Growing conditions:
-
- Light intensities.—Full sunlight.
-
January | February | March | April | May | June | |
Mean | 17.8 | 18.1 | 20.1 | 24.5 | 27 | 29.2 |
maximum air | ||||||
temperature | ||||||
(° C.) | ||||||
Mean | 7.2 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 17.9 |
minimum air | ||||||
temperature | ||||||
(° C.) | ||||||
Mean rainfall | 140.5 | 96.9 | 66.1 | 17.5 | 2.2 | — |
(mm) | ||||||
Septem- | Octo- | Novem- | Decem- | |||
July | August | ber | ber | ber | ber | |
Mean | 30.8 | 31.2 | 30.4 | 28.3 | 24.1 | 19.7 |
maximum air | ||||||
temperature | ||||||
(° C.) | ||||||
Mean | 20.6 | 21.2 | 19.4 | 16 | 11.8 | 8.6 |
minimum air | ||||||
temperature | ||||||
(° C.) | ||||||
Mean rainfall | — | — | 0.4 | 20.4 | 76.2 | 130.3 |
(mm) | ||||||
-
-
- Fertilization.—A balanced fertilizer with level of N:P:K 30:30:5.
- Growth regulators.—As used in commercial practice.
-
TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS |
Age: Observed trees were about 2 years old. |
Tree | Type: West Indian. |
Vigor: medium. | |
Growth habit: semi-upright. | |
General shape: globular. | |
Density of canopy: sparse to medium. | |
Height: about 4 m. | |
Number of main branches: 2 or 3. | |
Main branch | Attitude: semi-upright. |
Trunk | Diameter at 50 cm height: 30-35 cm. |
Surface: very rough. | |
Color: light brownish gray RHS 199 C. | |
Lenticels: not visible. | |
Young shoot | Color: medium green RHS 146 C. |
Color of lenticel: dark green RHS 146 A. | |
Shape of lenticels: elongated or rounded. | |
Density of lenticels: dense. | |
Size of lenticel: about 1 mm. | |
Shoot | Length of internode: 15-30 cm. |
Thickness: 7-13 mm. | |
Color: medium green RHS 146 B. | |
Vegetative bud | Shape: conical. |
Length: about 2 mm. | |
Color: light green RHS 145 C. | |
Pubescence: weak. | |
Young leaf | Color of pubescence of petiole: white, RHS 155 B. |
Color of upper side: medium green RHS 144 A. | |
Color of lower side: medium green RHS 146 B. | |
Leaf | Attitude relative to shoot: semi-upright. |
Leaf blade | Length: 13-18 cm. |
Width: 60-100 mm. | |
Ratio length/width: longer than broad. | |
Shape: elliptic. | |
Shape of apex: obtuse. | |
Tip: acuminate. | |
Color of upper side: medium green RHS 144 A. | |
Color of lower side: medium green RHS 146 C. | |
Anthocyanin coloration: absent. | |
Shape in cross section: straight. | |
Shape of base: obtuse. | |
Twisting along whole length: absent. | |
Twisting of apex: slight. | |
Undulation of margin: medium. | |
Relief of venation on upper surface: at level. | |
Relief of venation on lower surface: raised. | |
Color of veins of upper side: light green RHS 145 A. | |
Color of veins of lower side: light green RHS 144 B. | |
Number of secondary veins: 6 or 7 or 8. | |
Distance of secondary veins: 1-1.5 cm. | |
Density of pubescence on upper surface: absent. | |
Density of pubescence on lower surface: medium. | |
Color of hairs: white, RHS 155B. | |
Anise aroma: weak. | |
Petiole | Length: 35-50 mm. |
Thickness: about 3 mm. | |
Color: light green RHS 144 B. | |
Pubescence: medium. | |
Cross section: rounded and truncate. | |
Lenticels: few. | |
Inflorescence | Length of axis: 30-38 mm. |
Thickness of axis: 5-6 mm. | |
Number of side branches: 4 or 5 or 6 or 7. | |
Length of lowest branch: 60-85 mm. | |
Pubescence: medium. | |
Color: 'medium yellow green RHS 151 A. | |
Anthocyanin coloration: absent. | |
Size of lenticels: pinhead. | |
Shape of lenticels: rounded. | |
Color of lenticels: 152B. | |
Flower | Position of nectary: along the main axis. |
Size of nectary: pinhead. | |
Color of nectary: 152C. | |
Length of pedicel: 5-7 mm. | |
Number of petals: 6. | |
Diameter: 8-10 mm. | |
Shape: star shape. | |
Fragrance: none. | |
Number of styles: 1. | |
Number of stamen: usually 6. | |
Petal | Length: 2-3 mm. |
Width: about 2 mm. | |
Shape: triangular. | |
Color of upper side: 'medium yellow green RHS 151 A. | |
Color of lower side: 151B. | |
Texture of Upper and Lower Surfaces: smooth. | |
Style | Shape of style: curved. |
Length of style: about 3 mm. | |
Color of style: very light green RHS 145 D. | |
Pubescence: not visible. | |
Stamen | Number: usually 6. |
Length of filament: 2-3 mm. | |
Color of filament: very light green RHS 145 D. | |
Pubescence of filament: not visible. | |
Anther | Size: pinhead. |
Shape: elongated. | |
Color: 151D. | |
Color of pollen: 151D. | |
Sepal | Shape: triangular. |
Length: miniscule. | |
Width: miniscule. | |
Color of outer surface: 151D. | |
Color of inner surface: 151D. | |
- Disease resistance: Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance.
- Pest resistance: No atypical resistance has been noted.
- Disease susceptibility: None observed.
- Pest susceptibility: None observed.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct avocado variety of Persea americana P. Mill. named ‘MIRIAM’, as illustrated and described herein.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/330,548 USPP30353P3 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2016-10-07 | Avocado tree named ‘MIRIAM’ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/330,548 USPP30353P3 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2016-10-07 | Avocado tree named ‘MIRIAM’ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180103568P1 US20180103568P1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
USPP30353P3 true USPP30353P3 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/330,548 Active USPP30353P3 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2016-10-07 | Avocado tree named ‘MIRIAM’ |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USPP30353P3 (en) |
-
2016
- 2016-10-07 US US15/330,548 patent/USPP30353P3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Ben-Ya'acov et al. 1999. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 5: 25-28. * |
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US20180103568P1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STATE OF ISRAEL, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL D Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YA'AKOV, AVRAHAM BEN;SILBERSTEIN, MIRIAM;IRIHIMOVITCH, VERED;SIGNING DATES FROM 20160901 TO 20160908;REEL/FRAME:040281/0277 |