USPP10274P - `Aryeh` pistachio tree - Google Patents
`Aryeh` pistachio tree Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP10274P USPP10274P US08/739,493 US73949396V US10274P US PP10274 P USPP10274 P US PP10274P US 73949396 V US73949396 V US 73949396V US 10274 P US10274 P US 10274P
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- tree
- pistachio
- inches
- kerman
- trees
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- 235000003447 Pistacia vera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 240000006711 Pistacia vera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 235000020233 pistachio Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of pistachio tree, Pistacia vera, which will hereinafter be denominated varietally as the ⁇ Aryeh ⁇ pistachio tree, and, more particularly, to a pistachio tree which produces a crop of excellent quality ripening for commercial harvesting and shipment approximately August 18 to September 14 in Omer, Israel.
- Other criteria which may typically be considered in determining the commercial attractiveness of varieties of pistachio trees include, for example, the flavor of the kernels, their suitability for a variety of commercial uses, their ripening dates, their size and volume of production as well as a multiplicity of other considerations. Of perhaps less typical consideration are criteria such as the capability of producing commercially acceptable crops under comparatively few hours of winter chilling the configurations of the trees as a function of the ability to plant the trees with greater density. These latter criteria are less typical largely because the characteristics in these respects for known varieties are substantially equivalent.
- the new variety of the present invention appears to have superior attributes in most, if not all, of these respects as well as others.
- the present variety of pistachio tree hereof was discovered by the inventor in 1982 in his orchard which is located in Omer, Israel. The variety was discovered as a newly found seedling from an undefined, open pollinated female tree.
- the new variety was first asexually reproduced by budding young rootstocks to the new variety. This has been achieved on Pistachia atlantica and Pistachia vera rootstocks and by top working some mature trees.
- the inventor has, since such asexual reproduction, continuously observed the asexually reproduced trees of the new variety and has found them to be in all respects identical to the parent tree.
- the inventor has noticed that the tree of the new variety budded on Pistachia atlantica rootstock to be perhaps slightly larger than those budded onto Pistachia vera rootstock.
- the ⁇ Aryeh ⁇ pistachio tree is characterized by producing a crop of excellent quality which is ripe for commercial harvesting and shipment approximately August 18 to September 14 in Omer, Israel, or about one week earlier than the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree.
- the trees of the instant variety are tall and narrow and are capable of producing a high quality crop with many fewer hours of winter chilling than is, for example, the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree.
- the crop produced by the instant variety is under all climatic conditions of higher quality in most respects than is the crop produced by the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree.
- the drawing consists of three photographs of the new variety of the present invention including a first photograph, designated "FIG. 1,” showing mature fruit of the new variety growing on a branch thereof in a typical pattern; a second photograph, designated “FIG. 2,” showing foliage of the subject variety growing in a manner representative thereof; and a third photograph, designated "FIG.
- the tree as described herein is twelve (12) years of age. The tree was budded onto Pistachia atlantica rootstock.
- the tree is narrow and tall as compared to other varieties of pistachio trees which permits more trees to be grown per unit of land area. This is an increase of ten percent (10%) to twenty percent (20%) of trees per unit of land as compared, for example, to what is possible with the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree. This permits an increase in crop yield per unit of land area.
- Chilling requirements can produce top quality nuts under climatic conditions in which other known pistachio varieties of the same category cannot.
- the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree requires at least 800 hours of winter chilling (up to 7° C.) and preferably 1000 to 1200 hours of winter chilling.
- the instant variety produces well at 500 hours of winter chilling. If a dormancy breaking treatment is applied to the trees, the new variety produces well with only 440 hours of winter chilling. This makes possible the production of pistachio nuts in expansive geographical areas where pistachio nut production has not heretofore been possible because of insufficient hours of winter chilling.
- the production of the instant variety in geographical areas with more than 500 hours of chilling will be further enhanced as compared with other known varieties such as the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio variety.
- Trunk The tree was pruned and grown so that the trunk is 40cm (1.6 feet) in height.
- Diameter.--16cm (6.4 inches) at a height of 30cm (1 foot) above ground.
- Lenticels Size.--1mm (0.04 inches) to 2mm (0.08 inches).
- Lenticels Size.--0.8mm (0.032 inches) to 1.8mm (0.072 inches).
- Shape Mostly oval. Slightly wavy. Minutely cuspidate.
- Thickness 0.3mm (0.012 inches) to 0.6mm (0.024 inches).
- Thickness.--Midrib 2.3mm (0.092 inches) to 0.4mm (0.01.6 inches). Laterals, 0.5mm (0.02 inches) to 0.1mm (0.004 inches).
- Leaf glands None to rare.
- Petiolar sinus 100° to 125°.
- Bloom Amount In accordance with alternate pattern of bearing, the amount of bloom is abundant in “on” years and less in “off” years.
- Blossom. --Medium producing 20 to 50 nuts per cluster. The actual total number of flowers in the blossom is much higher, but a large portion thereof never set fruit.
- Average weight.--Dry in shell is 1.52 gr.
- the average weight in the case of the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree is 1.51 gr.
- the natural flavor is, in contrast, much better than that the kernels of the ⁇ Kerman ⁇ pistachio tree.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of pistachio tree which is somewhat remotely similar to the `Kerman` pistachio tree, but from which it is distinguished in a number of respects including that it produces a high quality crop with many fewer hours of winter chilling, the configuration of the tree is more narrow and taller and by producing its crop which is mature for harvesting and shipment approximately one; week before that of the `Kerman` pistachio tree in Omer, Israel.
Description
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of pistachio tree, Pistacia vera, which will hereinafter be denominated varietally as the `Aryeh` pistachio tree, and, more particularly, to a pistachio tree which produces a crop of excellent quality ripening for commercial harvesting and shipment approximately August 18 to September 14 in Omer, Israel.
There are many characteristics which may make a particular plant variety commercially attractive when compared with other varieties. This is certainly true in the case of varieties of pistachio trees due, for example, to the difficulty in many varieties in separating the kernel from the shell. The optimum condition for the pistachio nuts of a crop is to have all of the shells naturally open, or "split," and yet have each shell retain its kernel therewithin. This optimum objective is not achieved in any known variety. Accordingly, with respect to this criterion, various varieties of pistachio trees are compared by the percentages of their respective crops in which this is achieved. For example, in the case of the `Kerman` pistachio tree this percentage is about seventy-six percent (76%), by number.
Other criteria which may typically be considered in determining the commercial attractiveness of varieties of pistachio trees include, for example, the flavor of the kernels, their suitability for a variety of commercial uses, their ripening dates, their size and volume of production as well as a multiplicity of other considerations. Of perhaps less typical consideration are criteria such as the capability of producing commercially acceptable crops under comparatively few hours of winter chilling the configurations of the trees as a function of the ability to plant the trees with greater density. These latter criteria are less typical largely because the characteristics in these respects for known varieties are substantially equivalent.
The new variety of the present invention appears to have superior attributes in most, if not all, of these respects as well as others.
The present variety of pistachio tree hereof was discovered by the inventor in 1982 in his orchard which is located in Omer, Israel. The variety was discovered as a newly found seedling from an undefined, open pollinated female tree. In 1984 the new variety was first asexually reproduced by budding young rootstocks to the new variety. This has been achieved on Pistachia atlantica and Pistachia vera rootstocks and by top working some mature trees. The inventor has, since such asexual reproduction, continuously observed the asexually reproduced trees of the new variety and has found them to be in all respects identical to the parent tree. The inventor has noticed that the tree of the new variety budded on Pistachia atlantica rootstock to be perhaps slightly larger than those budded onto Pistachia vera rootstock.
The `Aryeh` pistachio tree is characterized by producing a crop of excellent quality which is ripe for commercial harvesting and shipment approximately August 18 to September 14 in Omer, Israel, or about one week earlier than the `Kerman` pistachio tree. The trees of the instant variety are tall and narrow and are capable of producing a high quality crop with many fewer hours of winter chilling than is, for example, the `Kerman` pistachio tree. The crop produced by the instant variety is under all climatic conditions of higher quality in most respects than is the crop produced by the `Kerman` pistachio tree.
The drawing consists of three photographs of the new variety of the present invention including a first photograph, designated "FIG. 1," showing mature fruit of the new variety growing on a branch thereof in a typical pattern; a second photograph, designated "FIG. 2," showing foliage of the subject variety growing in a manner representative thereof; and a third photograph, designated "FIG. 3," showing mature fruit of the new variety including a first in its natural outer hull, a second with the outer hull removed with the kernel left in place in the shell, a third wherein the kernel is whole and fully exposed having had the hull, shell and pellicle removed, a fourth in which the fully exposed kernel has been separated along the suture thereof and laid open to expose the interior thereof, and a fifth in which the kernel with its pellicle in place has been sectioned along a plane substantially right-angularly related to the suture plane thereof.
Referring more specifically to the botanical details of this new and distinct variety of pistachio tree, the following has been observed under the ecological conditions prevailing at the orchard of origin which is located in Omer, Israel. All major color code designations are by reference to the Nickerson Color Fan produced by the Munsell Color Company Incorporated. Common color names are also occasionally employed.
Generally: The tree as described herein is twelve (12) years of age. The tree was budded onto Pistachia atlantica rootstock.
Size -- height.--3.5m (11 feet). The tree is narrow and tall as compared to other varieties of pistachio trees which permits more trees to be grown per unit of land area. This is an increase of ten percent (10%) to twenty percent (20%) of trees per unit of land as compared, for example, to what is possible with the `Kerman` pistachio tree. This permits an increase in crop yield per unit of land area.
Size -- diameter.--2.3m (7.5 feet).
Vigor.--High.
Chilling requirements.--This variety can produce top quality nuts under climatic conditions in which other known pistachio varieties of the same category cannot. For example, the `Kerman` pistachio tree requires at least 800 hours of winter chilling (up to 7° C.) and preferably 1000 to 1200 hours of winter chilling. The instant variety produces well at 500 hours of winter chilling. If a dormancy breaking treatment is applied to the trees, the new variety produces well with only 440 hours of winter chilling. This makes possible the production of pistachio nuts in expansive geographical areas where pistachio nut production has not heretofore been possible because of insufficient hours of winter chilling. Similarly, the production of the instant variety in geographical areas with more than 500 hours of chilling will be further enhanced as compared with other known varieties such as the `Kerman` pistachio variety.
Figure.--The trees of the new variety as described herein were trained and shaped for hand harvesting; that is, with a low trunk of about 40cm (1.3 feet) in height.
Productivity.--The parent tree, in 12 consecutive years from the age of 6 years until the age of 17 years, has yielded a total of 69.3 kilograms of dry, in shell nuts. In the sixth year, the yield was 0.2 kilograms. In the seventeenth year, the yield was 10.3 kilograms. There is a clear pattern of alternate bearing. The asexually reproduced trees have had the same performance including the pattern of bearing and quantity of yield.
Density.--Good.
Regularity of bearing.--Alternate.
Trunk: The tree was pruned and grown so that the trunk is 40cm (1.6 feet) in height.
Diameter.--16cm (6.4 inches) at a height of 30cm (1 foot) above ground.
Surface texture.--Rather smooth.
Color.--5 YR (7/1).
Lenticels -- Numbers.--Numerous.
Lenticels -- Size.--1mm (0.04 inches) to 2mm (0.08 inches).
Branches:
Size.--Main Scaffold -- 30mm (1.2 inches) to 46mm (1.9 inches).
Surface texture.--Mature -- Rather smooth.
Color -- One year or older wood.--5 YR (8/1).
Color -- Immature branches.--7.5 Y (4/3).
Surface texture.--Immature growth -- Rather smooth.
Lenticels --numbers.--Quite a few.
Lenticels -- Size.--0.8mm (0.032 inches) to 1.8mm (0.072 inches).
Size:
Generally.--Compound. Mostly trifoliate, but there are also leaves of 1, 2, 4 & 5 leaflets.
Foliage.--Abound.
Leaflets -- average length.--Of the central leaflet -- 9cm (3.6 inches) to 16cm (6.4 inches). Side leaflets -- 7cm (2.8 inches) to 12.5cm (5 inches).
Leaflets -- average width.--Of the central leaflet -- 6cm (2.4 inches) to 13cm (5.2 inches). Side leaflets -- 4cm (1.6 inches) to 7cm (3 inches).
Shape: Mostly oval. Slightly wavy. Minutely cuspidate.
Thickness: 0.3mm (0.012 inches) to 0.6mm (0.024 inches).
Color:
Upwardly disposed surface.--7.5 GY (4/4).
Downwardly disposed surface.--5 GY (4/3).
Marginal form:
Generally.--Almost entire.
Leaf vein:
Thickness.--Midrib, 2.3mm (0.092 inches) to 0.4mm (0.01.6 inches). Laterals, 0.5mm (0.02 inches) to 0.1mm (0.004 inches).
Color -- leaf vein: 2.5 GY (9/8).
Leaf glands: None to rare.
Petiole:
Length.--3.5cm (1.4 inches) to 7.5cm (3 inches).
Thickness.--3mm (0.12 inches) to 4mm (0.16 inches).
Color.--2.5 GY (8/9).
Petiolar sinus: 100° to 125°.
Stipules: None.
Date of bloom: The receptive stigmas are present the first week of April. Thereafter, for ten to twelve days, progressively more receptive stigmas are present.
Bloom Amount: In accordance with alternate pattern of bearing, the amount of bloom is abundant in "on" years and less in "off" years.
Size:
Flowers.--Generally -- Each single flower 2mm (0.08 inches) to 3mm (0.12 inches) in diameter.
Blossom.--Medium producing 20 to 50 nuts per cluster. The actual total number of flowers in the blossom is much higher, but a large portion thereof never set fruit.
Petals:
Color.--Blooms -- green. Stigmas --white/cream.
Maturity when described: Selective, hand harvesting August 18 to September 14. Mechanical harvesting around September 5 in Omer, Israel. The optimal set day for mechanical harvesting appears to be about one week earlier than the `Kerman` pistachio tree in Omer, Israel. In Israel, the new trees of the instant variety mature and begin bearing fruit about one or two years earlier than do the new trees of the `Kerman` variety.
Productivity.--Good.
Distribution of nuts on tree.--Fairly well.
Tenacity.--Good.
Hull:
Texture.--Smooth, strong and juicy when young. Wrinkled, soft and tattered towards ripening.
Pits.--Very rare.
Form.--The shape of the nut.
Thickness.--Around 1mm (0.04 inches).
Suture.--Hardly a distinct one.
Color.--In May, half green (2.5 GY 3/9) and half reddish (2.5 R 6/11) with white dots. In August, turns yellow. At ripening the coloration is cream.
Dehiscence.--At ripening, cracks in irregular lines.
Tendency to crack.--No actual splitting by itself, but does crack or split according to the splitting endocarp.
Nut:
Generally.--Dry in shell. Quality of the nuts is excellent. Equals or above that of the `Kerman` pistachio tree in almost all respects.
Average weight.--Dry in shell is 1.52 gr. In contrast, the average weight in the case of the `Kerman` pistachio tree is 1.51 gr.
Size -- length.--22.2mm (0.888 inches).
Size -- width.--13.5mm (0.54 inches).
Size -- Thickness.--12.9mm (0.52 inches).
Form.--Oblong.
Color.--White/ivory.
Pits.--Very rare.
Base.--Rough.
Stem scar.--Rough
Apex.--Fully open (split).
Inner surface.--Smooth.
Split.--Over ninety percent (90%), by number, of the filled nuts are very well. split. Almost ten percent (10%) are closed.
Percent by weight to kernel.--53.8%.
Percent by weight to shell.--46.2%.
Kernel:
Generally.--From dry, in shell nuts.
Size -- length.--19.8mm (0.792 inches).
Size -- width.--10.7mm (0.428 inches).
Size --thickness.--10.7mm (0.428 inches).
Form.--Oblong.
Thickness.--10.7mm (0.428 inches).
Apex.--Elongated.
Surface texture.--Smooth.
Kernel color.--Green (5 GY 6/8). Kernel is deep green all the way through.
Numbers of doubles produced.--Very few.
Flavor.--Excellent. The natural flavor is, in contrast, much better than that the kernels of the `Kerman` pistachio tree.
Eating quality.--Excellent.
Pellicle -- color.--Bright red.
Pellicle -- Thickness.--0.1mm (0.004 inches).
Pubescence.--None.
Use: All uses and forms from fresh to bakery and industrial food products, but mainly as a snack food when roasted and salted.
Keeping quality: Very good.
Resistance to disease: Similar to the `Kerman` pistachio tree and other varieties.
Harvesting: Hand harvesting on small family plots. Mechanical harvesting in large scale productions.
Shipping and handling qualities: Very good.
Although the new variety of pistachio tree possesses the described characteristics noted above as a result of the growing conditions prevailing in Omer, Israel, it is to be understood that variations of the usual magnitude and characteristics incident to changes in growing conditions, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, pest control, climatic variation and the like are to be expected.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of pistachio tree substantially as illustrated and described which is somewhat remotely similar to the `Kerman` pistachio tree, but from which it is distinguished in a number of respects including that the trees are capable of producing a high quality crop with many fewer hours of winter chilling, the trees are more narrow and taller permitting the trees to be planted with greater density and by producing its crop which is mature for commercial harvesting and shipment approximately one week before the `Kerman` pistachio tree in Omer, Israel.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/739,493 USPP10274P (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1996-10-28 | `Aryeh` pistachio tree |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/739,493 USPP10274P (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1996-10-28 | `Aryeh` pistachio tree |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USPP10274P true USPP10274P (en) | 1998-03-10 |
Family
ID=24972558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/739,493 Expired - Lifetime USPP10274P (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1996-10-28 | `Aryeh` pistachio tree |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USPP10274P (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP16715P3 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2006-06-27 | Anderson Iii Henry P | Pistachio rootstock tree named ‘P.N. 20-18’ |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP4953P (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1982-11-23 | Anderson; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
USPP4994P (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-03-15 | Anderson; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
USPP5837P (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1986-12-23 | Anderson, Iii; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
-
1996
- 1996-10-28 US US08/739,493 patent/USPP10274P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP4953P (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1982-11-23 | Anderson; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
USPP4994P (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-03-15 | Anderson; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
USPP5837P (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1986-12-23 | Anderson, Iii; Henry P. | Pistachio tree |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
UPOVROM Disk 1997/03 citation for `Aryeh` ILPBR 01652 accepted Jan. 13, 1991, 1997. |
UPOVROM Disk 1997/03 citation for Aryeh ILPBR 01652 accepted Jan. 13, 1991, 1997. * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP16715P3 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2006-06-27 | Anderson Iii Henry P | Pistachio rootstock tree named ‘P.N. 20-18’ |
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