USH1466H - Oxygen injection system - Google Patents

Oxygen injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
USH1466H
USH1466H US08/183,616 US18361694A USH1466H US H1466 H USH1466 H US H1466H US 18361694 A US18361694 A US 18361694A US H1466 H USH1466 H US H1466H
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oxygen
storage tank
mixer
supply pipe
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US08/183,616
Inventor
Roger A. Stapf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Inc filed Critical Caterpillar Inc
Priority to US08/183,616 priority Critical patent/USH1466H/en
Assigned to CATERPILLAR INC. reassignment CATERPILLAR INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STAPF, ROGER A.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USH1466H publication Critical patent/USH1466H/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to an oxygen injection system for use in a diesel engine and more particularly to the use of liquid oxygen in order to boost intake air volume.
  • the present invention is directed to overcoming the problems as set forth above.
  • an oxygen injection system adapted for use with a diesel engine includes a cylinder block which defines a bore having a cylinder liner therein.
  • the cylinder liner defines a cylinder bore and a cylinder head attaches to the cylinder block in closing relation to the cylinder bore.
  • a piston is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder bore and defines with the cylinder block a variable volume combustion chamber.
  • An intake pipe is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber for communicating ambient air into the combustion chamber during an intake cycle of the engine.
  • An oxygen mixer is connected to the intake pipe and an oxygen supply pipe is connected at an end to the oxygen mixer.
  • a liquified oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen supply pipe at an opposite end.
  • a main valve has a normally closed position and an open position and is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen mixer.
  • a regulator and heat exchanger is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the main valve and the oxygen mixer.
  • a means for controllably opening the main valve under predetermined engine operating conditions is included so that liquid oxygen from the oxygen storage tank is converted to a gaseous state and communicated to the oxygen mixer in order to combine with the ambient air in the intake pipe.
  • the present invention through the use of injecting liquid oxygen converted to a gaseous state into an intake air pipe, provides a simple, economical, and space-efficient means to improve fuel/air mixing for more efficient combustion and reduction of black smoke.
  • FIG. 1 is diagrammatic representation embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 An oxygen injection system 10 for a diesel engine 12 having a cylinder block 14 defining a bore 16 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the bore 16 has a cylinder liner 18 disposed therein.
  • the cylinder liner 18 defines a cylinder bore 20 and a cylinder head 22 attaches to the cylinder block 14 in closing relation to the cylinder bore 20.
  • a piston 24 is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder bore 20 and defines with the cylinder block 14 a variable volume combustion chamber 26.
  • An intake port 28 and exhaust port 30 are formed in the cylinder head 22.
  • An intake valve 32 and exhaust valve 34 having a normally closed position and an open position are disposed within the intake port and exhaust port 28,30, respectively.
  • An intake pipe 38 and an exhaust pipe 40 are connected to the intake port and the exhaust port 28,30, respectively so that the intake pipe and exhaust pipe 38,40 are fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 26.
  • the intake pipe 38 fluidly communicates ambient air into the combustion chamber 26 during an intake cycle of the engine 12.
  • the exhaust pipe fluidly communicates exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber 26 during an exhaust stroke of the engine 12.
  • a fuel injector 44 is located within the cylinder head 22 and is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 26.
  • a fuel supply pipe 46 is connected to the fuel injector 44 at an end and to a fuel source (not shown) at an opposite end.
  • a turbocharger (not shown) is connected to the exhaust pipe 40 and to the intake pipe 38 between the combustion chamber 26 and the ambient air.
  • An oxygen mixer 50 of any suitable type is connected to the intake pipe 38 and includes a nozzle (not shown) therein.
  • An oxygen supply pipe 52 is connected at an end to the oxygen mixer 50 and an opposite end is connected to a liquified oxygen storage tank 56 of any suitable type.
  • a main valve 60 such as a solenoid valve, having a normally closed and an open position is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe 52 between the oxygen storage tank 56 and the oxygen mixer 50.
  • a means 70 for controllably opening the main valve 60 includes an electronic control unit, any other suitable means may be used to controllably open the main valve 60 such as an electrical or mechanical device.
  • the electronic control device is connected to the fuel supply pipe 46 and the intake pipe 38.
  • high pressure fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 26 by the fuel injector 44 at an increased rate.
  • the electronic control unit 70 measures air or boost pressure and fuel rate simultaneously. If the boost pressure is more than a specified level below the normal boost pressure for the steady state fuel rate, then the electronic control unit 70 produces a signal which opens the solenoid 60. By opening the solenoid 60, liquid oxygen from the storage tank 56 flows into the oxygen supply pipe 52. Upon leaving the storage tank 56, the liquid oxygen is converted to a gaseous state and it flows through the solenoid 60 and into the regulator and heat exchanger 64. As liquid oxygen is converted to the gaseous state, an increase in pressure may occur.
  • the heat regulator and heat exchanger 64 are incorporated to operate in a conventional manner to reduce the pressure of the oxygen while assuring that a constant temperature is maintained during the process.
  • the oxygen remains in the gaseous state as it flows from the regulator and heat exchanger 64 through the oxygen supply pipe 52 and into the oxygen mixer 50.
  • the oxygen mixer 50 operates in a conventional manner to inject the oxygen still in the gaseous state into the intake pipe 38 so that it is mixed with the ambient air.
  • the electronic control unit 70 senses that the boost pressure is at a normal level for the steady state fuel rate, it sends a signal to close the solenoid 60. Once the solenoid 60 is closed, liquid oxygen is unable to leave the storage tank 56.
  • the present invention provides an improved means to increase the supply of oxygen during acceleration to reduce black smoke.
  • the present invention utilizes an oxygen mixer for injecting liquid oxygen converted to a gaseous state into an intake air pipe providing a simple, economical, and space-efficient means to improve fuel/air mixing for more efficient combustion and reduction of black smoke.

Abstract

The design and construction of past oxygen injection systems having an oxygen mixer to inject oxygen into an air intake pipe required the use of oxygen in a highly pressurized state. The use of high pressure oxygen required precise pressure control in order to maintain safety. Additionally, the high pressure tank used for storing the oxygen was not space efficient due to the large volume occupied by the oxygen in the gaseous state. The present invention overcomes these problems by utilizing oxygen in the liquid state. Liquid oxygen is stored within a more space efficient storage tank. A solenoid is signaled through an electronic control unit to open under specific operating conditions allowing liquid oxygen to flow from the storage tank. Upon leaving the storage tank, the liquid oxygen is converted to a gaseous state where it flows through an oxygen supply pipe so that the oxygen can be injected by an oxygen mixer into an air intake pipe for mixing with ambient air. The ability to increase the oxygen level during specific operating conditions produces more efficient combustion and reduction in black smoke.

Description

DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to an oxygen injection system for use in a diesel engine and more particularly to the use of liquid oxygen in order to boost intake air volume.
2. Background Art
During acceleration, diesel engines inject more fuel into a combustion chamber in order to increase horsepower and RPM. Unfortunately, ambient air from outside the engine is not received fast enough for proper mixing with the fuel in the combustion chamber during this time. The improper mixing of fuel and air leads to black smoke which is contrary to present day goals of improving emissions.
The goal of one prior art diesel engine disclosed in Japanese Publication No. 57-179180 by Akira Oohashi on Dec. 18, 1980 was to decrease the amount of black smoke by injecting oxygen into an air intake pipe from a high pressure tank to complete combustion by obtaining a more favorable fuel/air ratio. This was accomplished by metering the oxygen injected into the intake pipe to a specific quantity based upon fuel injection quantity and engine load. However, the use of high pressure oxygen requires precise pressure control. Additionally, the high pressure tank used for storing the oxygen is not space efficient due to the large volume occupied by the oxygen in the gaseous state. Furthermore, the precise metering of the oxygen in relation to fuel and load conditions may be complex and costly.
The present invention is directed to overcoming the problems as set forth above.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention an oxygen injection system adapted for use with a diesel engine includes a cylinder block which defines a bore having a cylinder liner therein. The cylinder liner defines a cylinder bore and a cylinder head attaches to the cylinder block in closing relation to the cylinder bore. A piston is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder bore and defines with the cylinder block a variable volume combustion chamber. An intake pipe is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber for communicating ambient air into the combustion chamber during an intake cycle of the engine. An oxygen mixer is connected to the intake pipe and an oxygen supply pipe is connected at an end to the oxygen mixer. A liquified oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen supply pipe at an opposite end. A main valve has a normally closed position and an open position and is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen mixer. A regulator and heat exchanger is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the main valve and the oxygen mixer. A means for controllably opening the main valve under predetermined engine operating conditions is included so that liquid oxygen from the oxygen storage tank is converted to a gaseous state and communicated to the oxygen mixer in order to combine with the ambient air in the intake pipe.
The present invention, through the use of injecting liquid oxygen converted to a gaseous state into an intake air pipe, provides a simple, economical, and space-efficient means to improve fuel/air mixing for more efficient combustion and reduction of black smoke.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is diagrammatic representation embodying the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An oxygen injection system 10 for a diesel engine 12 having a cylinder block 14 defining a bore 16 is shown in FIG. 1. The bore 16 has a cylinder liner 18 disposed therein. The cylinder liner 18 defines a cylinder bore 20 and a cylinder head 22 attaches to the cylinder block 14 in closing relation to the cylinder bore 20. A piston 24 is reciprocally mounted in the cylinder bore 20 and defines with the cylinder block 14 a variable volume combustion chamber 26. An intake port 28 and exhaust port 30 are formed in the cylinder head 22. An intake valve 32 and exhaust valve 34 having a normally closed position and an open position are disposed within the intake port and exhaust port 28,30, respectively. An intake pipe 38 and an exhaust pipe 40 are connected to the intake port and the exhaust port 28,30, respectively so that the intake pipe and exhaust pipe 38,40 are fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 26. The intake pipe 38 fluidly communicates ambient air into the combustion chamber 26 during an intake cycle of the engine 12. The exhaust pipe fluidly communicates exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber 26 during an exhaust stroke of the engine 12. A fuel injector 44 is located within the cylinder head 22 and is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 26. A fuel supply pipe 46 is connected to the fuel injector 44 at an end and to a fuel source (not shown) at an opposite end. A turbocharger (not shown) is connected to the exhaust pipe 40 and to the intake pipe 38 between the combustion chamber 26 and the ambient air.
An oxygen mixer 50 of any suitable type is connected to the intake pipe 38 and includes a nozzle (not shown) therein. An oxygen supply pipe 52 is connected at an end to the oxygen mixer 50 and an opposite end is connected to a liquified oxygen storage tank 56 of any suitable type. A main valve 60, such as a solenoid valve, having a normally closed and an open position is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe 52 between the oxygen storage tank 56 and the oxygen mixer 50. A regulator and heat exchanger 64 of any suitable type, such as that used on a propane engine, is disposed within the oxygen supply pipe 52 between the main valve 60 and the oxygen mixer 50.
A means 70 for controllably opening the main valve 60 includes an electronic control unit, any other suitable means may be used to controllably open the main valve 60 such as an electrical or mechanical device. The electronic control device is connected to the fuel supply pipe 46 and the intake pipe 38.
Industrial Applicability
In use and during acceleration, high pressure fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 26 by the fuel injector 44 at an increased rate. The electronic control unit 70 measures air or boost pressure and fuel rate simultaneously. If the boost pressure is more than a specified level below the normal boost pressure for the steady state fuel rate, then the electronic control unit 70 produces a signal which opens the solenoid 60. By opening the solenoid 60, liquid oxygen from the storage tank 56 flows into the oxygen supply pipe 52. Upon leaving the storage tank 56, the liquid oxygen is converted to a gaseous state and it flows through the solenoid 60 and into the regulator and heat exchanger 64. As liquid oxygen is converted to the gaseous state, an increase in pressure may occur. For this reason, the heat regulator and heat exchanger 64 are incorporated to operate in a conventional manner to reduce the pressure of the oxygen while assuring that a constant temperature is maintained during the process. The oxygen remains in the gaseous state as it flows from the regulator and heat exchanger 64 through the oxygen supply pipe 52 and into the oxygen mixer 50. The oxygen mixer 50 operates in a conventional manner to inject the oxygen still in the gaseous state into the intake pipe 38 so that it is mixed with the ambient air. When the electronic control unit 70 senses that the boost pressure is at a normal level for the steady state fuel rate, it sends a signal to close the solenoid 60. Once the solenoid 60 is closed, liquid oxygen is unable to leave the storage tank 56.
In view of the above, it is apparent that the present invention provides an improved means to increase the supply of oxygen during acceleration to reduce black smoke. The present invention utilizes an oxygen mixer for injecting liquid oxygen converted to a gaseous state into an intake air pipe providing a simple, economical, and space-efficient means to improve fuel/air mixing for more efficient combustion and reduction of black smoke.

Claims (1)

I claim:
1. An oxygen injection system adapted for use with a diesel engine including a cylinder block defining a bore having a cylinder liner therein defining a cylinder bore, a cylinder head attached to the cylinder block in closing relation to the cylinder bore, a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder bore and defining with the cylinder block a variable volume combustion chamber, and an intake pipe fluidly connected to the combustion chamber for communicating ambient air into the combustion chamber during an intake cycle of the engine, comprising:
an oxygen mixer connected to the intake pipe;
an oxygen supply pipe connected at an end to the oxygen mixer;
a liquified oxygen storage tank connected to the oxygen supply pipe at an opposite end;
a main valve having a normally closed position and an open position disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen mixer;
a regulator and heat exchanger disposed within the oxygen supply pipe between the main valve and the oxygen mixer; and
means for controllably opening the main valve under predetermined engine operating conditions so that liquid oxygen from the oxygen storage tank is converted to a gaseous state and is communicated to the oxygen mixer in order to combine with the ambient air in the intake pipe.
US08/183,616 1994-01-19 1994-01-19 Oxygen injection system Abandoned USH1466H (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/183,616 USH1466H (en) 1994-01-19 1994-01-19 Oxygen injection system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/183,616 USH1466H (en) 1994-01-19 1994-01-19 Oxygen injection system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USH1466H true USH1466H (en) 1995-08-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997022793A1 (en) * 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 Morduch, Ruth, N. Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
US5694888A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-12-09 De Lima; Tito Fuel consumption optimizer and exhaust emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
US20060037591A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-23 Ferguson James L System and method for increasing the available oxygen in a combustion engine
US20070044779A1 (en) * 2005-03-20 2007-03-01 Green Carl A Apparatus for the multiplication of air flow in internal combustion engines increasing horsepower and torque, while reducing emissions
US20110005504A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection during cold engine start
US20110005505A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection to reduce turbo lag
US20110276204A1 (en) * 2007-08-17 2011-11-10 Borgwarner Inc. Boost assist system
US9181903B2 (en) * 2012-03-26 2015-11-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for injecting oxygen within an engine
US9677513B2 (en) 2014-07-08 2017-06-13 David L. Wilson Mechanically induced vacuum driven delivery system providing pre-vaporized fuel to an internal combustion engine
US10718211B2 (en) * 2017-10-24 2020-07-21 Rolls-Royce Plc Apparatus and methods for controlling reciprocating internal combustion engines

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861367A (en) * 1972-04-13 1975-01-21 John J Kelmar Non-polluting internal combustion engine system
US4078535A (en) * 1975-12-16 1978-03-14 Shafer Warner W Modification to an internal combustion engine to reduce both fuel consumption and air pollutants
JPS57102551A (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-06-25 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Diesel engine
JPS59158365A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-09-07 Hino Motors Ltd Intake/exhaust device of engine
US4960098A (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-10-02 E-Quad, Inc. Method and apparatus for maintaining optimum oxygen level in combustion engines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861367A (en) * 1972-04-13 1975-01-21 John J Kelmar Non-polluting internal combustion engine system
US4078535A (en) * 1975-12-16 1978-03-14 Shafer Warner W Modification to an internal combustion engine to reduce both fuel consumption and air pollutants
JPS57102551A (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-06-25 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Diesel engine
JPS59158365A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-09-07 Hino Motors Ltd Intake/exhaust device of engine
US4960098A (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-10-02 E-Quad, Inc. Method and apparatus for maintaining optimum oxygen level in combustion engines

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5694888A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-12-09 De Lima; Tito Fuel consumption optimizer and exhaust emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
US6273071B1 (en) 1995-12-20 2001-08-14 F.C.O. International Corp. Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
US6343593B1 (en) * 1995-12-20 2002-02-05 Fco International Corp. Fuel composition optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
WO1997022793A1 (en) * 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 Morduch, Ruth, N. Fuel consumption optimizer and carbon dioxide emissions reducer based on an air-vacuum liquid compensation system
US20060037591A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-23 Ferguson James L System and method for increasing the available oxygen in a combustion engine
US20070044779A1 (en) * 2005-03-20 2007-03-01 Green Carl A Apparatus for the multiplication of air flow in internal combustion engines increasing horsepower and torque, while reducing emissions
US20110276204A1 (en) * 2007-08-17 2011-11-10 Borgwarner Inc. Boost assist system
US8935024B2 (en) * 2007-08-17 2015-01-13 Borgwarner Inc. Boost assist system
US20110005504A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection during cold engine start
US8347624B2 (en) * 2009-07-07 2013-01-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection during cold engine start
US8371118B2 (en) * 2009-07-07 2013-02-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection to reduce turbo lag
US20110005505A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Oxidant injection to reduce turbo lag
US9181903B2 (en) * 2012-03-26 2015-11-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for injecting oxygen within an engine
US9677513B2 (en) 2014-07-08 2017-06-13 David L. Wilson Mechanically induced vacuum driven delivery system providing pre-vaporized fuel to an internal combustion engine
US10718211B2 (en) * 2017-10-24 2020-07-21 Rolls-Royce Plc Apparatus and methods for controlling reciprocating internal combustion engines

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Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STAPF, ROGER A.;REEL/FRAME:006872/0910

Effective date: 19940113

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