US994599A - Heating apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

M. a. M. M. MRAN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 15, 1909. n 994,599. Patented June 6, 1911.

` MAURICE MARC MRAN, of 155 Faubourg loissonnire, in the city` of Paris,

,UNITED sTATrsFrATENT OFFICE.

MARCELJMRAN AND MAURICE MARC MRAN, or' Panis, FRANCE.

HEATING Arranafrus.

To ill whom 'it may concern: l -Be it known that We, MARCEL MRAN and Rue du Republic of France, have invented Improvements in vI-Ieatin A paratus, of which the following is a fu l, c ear, andl exact description.

In gas apparatus for heating by radiation it has been sought to obtain- 1. An air and gas mixer providing, before combustion, a mixture as perfect and as intimate as ossible, the quantities being supposed suita'le, so as to obtain a fiame furnishing the maximum heat. Moreover, this vmixer is `required to .be of such construction thatthe'heat produced can be in.

creased or reduced the gas burner.

2. Utilization of the hottestpartrof this flame in order to` raise to thehighest os sible temperature, a refractory body which will `subsequently radiate itsheat, and that without detriment to the combustion of the by a simple variation of 3. A refractory body of such shape that it can undergo sudden expansion without cracking or splitting.

l.The present invention is hereinafter de4 scribed with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 shows, in vertical section, an air and gas mixing apparatus comprised in the present improved heatin apparatus.

Fig. 2 shows 4a transverse section taken on the line A-A, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is asideview of a refractory "element or body= comprised in this apparatus. Fig. 4 is a front View of a number of refractory elementsor bodies.

Fi 5, 6 and 7 are side views of three modifie forms of refracto bodies. Fi 8 shows inside view, anot er modified crm fractory body. Fig. v9 is a front view of the refractory body shown in Fi 8. Fig; 10 shows in vertical section a mo ified form of burner.A Fig. 11 is .-a cross section of the same burner,A the section being made on line B-B, Fig. 10. l"

The heating apparatus which is the subject of ,the present application-comprises a mixer a' termed of a. piece of pottery metal, or other material having thejpshape shown Specication of Letters Patent. Pai-,enigmi June 6, 1911,

'4 Application filed October 15, 1909. Serial No. 522,741.

in Figs. l and 2. This mixer comprises a burner'of the ordinary Bunsen ty e having a jet orifice o opening into a cylindliical tube d, which has an air admission o enin e formed therein. "This openin is adjus'tile by means of ashutter in or er to re late the air which is'z'admitted to mix wit the gas supplied through the jet orifice. The

gas from the Bunsen tube thus constituted,

and which is already mixed with air, flows into the mixer, the sha e of which is indi'- cated' in the drawin tube and thetube orming the base of the mixer,v an annular' space Y a"` is left free through which an additional quantity of air passesin order to become mixed with 'the mixture `previously made. The gas thus mixed distributes-itself in the chamber a', Hows in a flattened 'or sheet1ike stream etween the Bnsen throughh 'a slot a and then spreads itself throng out the length :of the burner in the chamber a* from whence it passes out through nozzles a to burn in the free air. The size of the air apertures being suitably adjusted, the dames-f coming out of these nozzles will be of the same length and the same intensity. These iames will burn Without noise and their Lintensity caribe' diminished simply by diminishing the gas supplied to the jet orifice, without. the constitution of the flames being modified and `Without affecting the admission of air. It

should also be remarked that, by' reason of sisl its vertical direction, however feeble may be .the How of the gas at Ythe exit 4from the`jet orifice, by simple difference of density it will .quite naturally burn' at the nozzles.l

If a piece or elementhavinglthe shape. illustrated in Fig,l 3v, that is .to say a piece formed of any refractory material and comprising a heady and three lbranches 'has thinas ossible is suspended just above one of the" axnes' ofthe burner, the hot' gases ofthe' flame will 4ascend around the middle branch making it red-hot along its' whole length. This willbe easily eiiected by. regulatin the fiame in such'a manner that .the part thereof which has the highest temper ature strikes against the middle branch-Tof therefractory felement. The piece or element is supported `on a rod 'i passing through the hole j and-,is provided on its sides with i hase `or cover, an

example, apiece or element may be arranged Agiving up their heat to the latter.

similar pieces which are all in contact with one another by the thick parts or heads g. The branches J1, h are thinner than ,theheads and are separate'one from the other so that, in order to escape, the hot gases will be compelled to pass between the branches L By thus placing a series of' ieces or elementsl arrangedside by side, a ove the nozzles of the burner, as shown in Fig. 4, a radiator is formed which will give a maximum eiiiciency since all the branches of the pieces or elements, being arranged in the best position possible with respect to the fia-mes coming from the mixer, will be raised to the highest temperature possible, and nothingopposes radiation therefrom. The branches h are provided only in order to utilize the excess of heat contained in the products of combustion. ments being thin,it is not possible forA them to crack vor split as a result of sudden expansion due to rapid changes of temperature.

The refractorypieces or elements can be ofvarious shapes and are supported side by Si e, the Contactin" thicker part-s forming a (I the thinner parts being separated, surrounded by the flames of the burners, and intended to he raised to a high temperature to radiate their heat. Thus, for

as shown 1n Figx, the part h of which s raised to the maximum temperature, this part being surroundedby the fiume while ont its length, is in contact with an adjacent the thicker part g forms a base and, throughpiece. In the case of a cooking or roasting stove, the bent llame which comes from the burners impinges throughout its length against the thin parts of the branches z, in order to raise them to the maximum tem- Contact forming a roof or cover. In the two examples last mentioned it will be observed that, Whatever may be the pansiomas-in the previous e\amp1e,l these pieces or elements are not liable to become cracked.

f It is important that the nozzle of the burners should be placed, in general, along a line slightly in front 'of the thin branches #Ito be heated, the result of this arrangement being that these branches are raised to a hightemperature in the direction in which it is desired v to radiatej" the heat. The vother branches are provided only for the purpose of utilizing the residue of the heat from the .'that the branche'aare arranged in such a.

flame. x

Fig. 8 shows anvv element placed above 'the burner.

It will (be seen from this' figure manner that the 11ozzle of the burner areshghtly 1n front of'tli. middle branch, in

i such a manner lthat ths branch will become red-hot on all its sides and throughoutits It will be seen moreover that the ele-4 the maximum of strength.

length. The gas which is still very hot, will also raise the other two adjacentA branches to incandescence.

Only burners having a' single row of apertures have Abeen spoken of. It should however be noted that as many rows as is convenient may be provided.- Likewise branches attached by their'upper )arts to, the thick part forming the head or ase are alone referred to, but these branches can commence at any point and can be led in any direction.

In the modified form of burner shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the distribution of the gas is made in a perfectly regular .manner. This result is obtained by dividing the base of the apparatus into two pipes lc, forming a fork, and terminated by a sleeve Z forming a' bell. In this bell opens the cylindrical tube m surmounting the jetorifice '1t of the Bumsen burner. The two pipes lr, forming a fork, are connected in a long chamber /c closed at its upper part by athick plate o, provided with holes 0 so as to constitute a kind ot' pipe or conduit-on which ihe gas'burns. Between the plate o' and `ne 1nirner, va wire gauze p is arranged inthe followingmanner: The body of the burner being made entirely. of refractory clay and in one piece, an opening g g is provided in the interior of the same, so that the strip of wire gauze p may be introduced as a drawer in the o ening c1 y', as shown in the drawings. l`he very small orifice 1 1 which serves to introduce the wnegauze, can be very easily closed by any heat resisting cement, and the burner, insulated in one piece and baked will present Moreover, the wire gauze p being arranged on the base of the combustion holes o which are 4formed in a thick plate of refractory clay, is protected from a' too high temperature, which insures its4 preservation indefinitely. Besides, ift is to be noted thatthe wire gauze may be easily replaced or cleaned, by simply removin the material closing the introduc- Ition ori ce Q.

We claim:

1. The combination with a'burner having a plurality of nozzles, .ofa plurality of heat radiating members formedof .refractory material, and each having an hpertured head and branches depending from the head and thinner than the same, and 'a rod above the burner,l and upon which the members. are mounted in contact with each other, one above each nozzle of the burner.

a plurality of nozzles, of a plurality of heatv radiating members formed of refractory material and each having a head and branches depending from the head and thinner than thes'a'me, said members being arranged side b Side and in contactwith each other, one

a ove each nozzle of thai'borner.4

2. The combination with a burner having i above euch nozzle of this bumm'.

The foregoing specification of om" im [woven-)mits m. hutmg apparatus, Slgned by 10 us thm 2nd clay of October', 19052 'MARCEL MRAN. MAURICE MARC MRAN. Wv''i' 15915:

COKE, R. .Emmoiu

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