US2988350A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Description

June 13, 1961 T. w. MUNI-ORD coMBUsTroN APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet :2

Filed Nov. 9, 1953 l L, l l .ff

IN VEN TOR. [MMM/om BY 2,988,350 COMBUSTION APPARATUS I Theodore W. Munford, Toledo, Ohio, assignor, by mesne This invention relates to apparatus for combustion of fuel, and more particularly to the burning of liuid fuel in a circular heating chamber.

In furnaces utilizing burners to supply :heat thereto, ignition and s-ubstantial combustion of the fuel generally takes place before the fuel escapes the burner, or at least before the burning fuel has moved a substantial distance into the heating chamber, so that the combustion process is not substantially interfered with by furnace gas,I such as liue gas from other burners. To keep the burning fuel streams apart, burners a-re generally widely distributed through the heating chamber.

4In this invention the fuel is delivered through nozzles in a ring about the heating zone, tangentially to the furnace wall, to burn on the wall and constitute the wall a source of radiant heat for heating the work. The fuel nozzles are placed in one or more ring or burner sections of the furnace. The more severe problems of assembly and of Wear and service life are substantially confined to a small, replaceable section of the lfurnace. The major portion of the furnace is made of `furnace sections un broken by such nozzles or by burners, hence their service life is greatly extended. Flue sections are supplied on the other side of the furnace section from the burner section to provide for gas flow from the burner section, through the furnace section to the iiue section. Several assemblies may be used with various applications of the burner, furnace and ue section series. Y

The burner section is provided with a circular series of fuel nozzles each tangential to the wall or refractory lining of the section and each with a lead angle to assure a helical path of gases from each nozzle and thus avoid j interference by one fuel stream in the combustion of the next adjacent fuel stream. The lead angle may be defined as the smallest angle between the axis of a burner port and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the furnace.

For a further consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to following portion of the specification and the drawing and claims thereof.

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a furnace according to this invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a detail of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of an alternate furnace construction.

FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 3.

lFIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional View of a portion of the furnace of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the portion of the furnace in FIG. 5 taken on line 66.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view off another alternate furnace construction.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of an alternate furnace construction utilizing substantially the same portion ofthe furnace as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Referring to the drawing, and more particularly to FIG. 1, the preferred furnace is an assembly of sections. The two end sections 11 are flue sections, the center section 12 is a. burner section, and the intermediate sections or furnace sections 13 each lie between a pair formed by the burner section 12 and a flue section 11. Each sec- Um'ted States Patent O 2,988,350 Patented June 13, 1961 ICC tion is preferably lined with refractory 14 and bound `by a sheet metal binding 15, and the joints between sections are covered by bands 16. Work W to be heated is generally pushed through the furnace end to end upon bare water cooled support rails 17, which may be supported on central piers 18.

The general pattern of a burner section, a furnace section and an exhaust, or flue section is utilized to provide repeating groups of sections in various patterns. For example, in FIG. 3 a terminal end ring section 19 and a central iiue section 22 are shown on either side of ,a furnace section 13, and the sequence is repeated by a burner section 23, a furnace section 13 and an end flue section 11.

FIG. 7 both terminal end sections 19 are burner sections, and a central flue section 24 provides a common flue for the two ring, or burner sections. It will be noted that when the ilue section is not adjacent an end wall, a pier 18 is placed therein to support the rails 17, and the pier serves to channel the liuc gas into the flue 25 thereabove Each burner section forms a circular series of fuel ports 26 tiring tangentially into the heating chamber with a lead angle to cause the burning gases to move in a helical path so that the stream from one port passes on the flue side of the next adjacent port and close enough to serve as a source of ignition for the stream therefrom, but to the side enough to avoid being separated from the refractory wall by the newly issued, cold stream from the next port, which would interfere with combustion. 'This is more particularly illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 where a fuel manifold 31 surrounds the section and provides fuel to nozzles 32 for each individual fuel port 33. When the heating chamber is horizontal, it is preferred to omit one or two fuel ports at the bottom of the section and to place a metal oxide or slag resistant material 34 at the low point. It is preferred to mount `one end of the furnace firmly anchored and support the other sections on rollers 35 in a track 36 to allow for expansion of the furnace, as taught by patent to Bastress et al. 2,563,908.

In FIG. 8 the axis of the burner section 37 is placed vertically for heating vertically supported work. A combined furnace and ue section 38 is provided thereabove. The nozzles fire through ports 26 -around the periphery of and tangentially to the Wall of refractory and with a lead angle to cause the gases to move in a helical path and thus avoid interference between adjacent combustion gas streams. This combustion and heating system is thus in general similar to, but `an improvement upon the sys- -tem disclosed and claimed in Schramm et al. 2,737,380.

I claim:

1. A direct fired furnace for heating work to elevated temperature comp-rising, in combination, structure defining a single elongate furnace chamber wherein the work is heated; a horizontally elongate support whereon the structure is mounted; the structure being divided into a plurality of sections including in sequence a burner section, a heating section and a flue section; the burner section comprising a circular series of fuel ports firing substantially tangentially into the chamber; the heating section being formed with refractory walls. free from fuel ports and arranged to conduct several spiral streams from the burner section toward the line; and the iiue section being adapted to receive the streams and conduct them from the furnace chamber through a iiue therein.

2. A furnace for heating work to elevated temperatures, in combination: wall means forming a refractory lined, cylindrical chamber; a liue in the central part of said chamber, said ue being the only one in said chamber; and a circular series of fuel delivery ports in said wall means in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said chamber, located adjacent each of the ends of said chamber and axially displaced from said ue to form therebetween 4a Iheated'cylindrical portion for heating the work.

3. A furnace according to claim 2 wherein each of said fuel delivery ports is arranged with a lead angle toward said flue.

4. A furnace `according to claim 3 wherein said series, said portion, and `said ue are each contained in separate sections of said chamber with each section capable of be ing separably removable for repair.

S. In a furnace for heating work to an elevated temperature, comprising, in combination: wall means forming a refractory lined cylindrical chamber, support means for advancing the work axially through the chamber at a spaced distance from the walls thereof, a flue in said wall means, a circular series of fuel delivery ports in said wall means in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said chamber, said ports being substantially axially displaced from said flue to form therebetween a heated cylindrical portion for heating work, each of said ports being arranged with a lead angle toward said ue, the improvement containing an opening axially located with respect to the axis of said chamber; an elongated support extending through said chamber and said openings for supporting work passed therethrough; a plurality of ports on the inner surface of said refractory Wall located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said chamber, said ports being contained in the first of said three sections; a plurality of nozzles located in said refractory wall substantially tangential to the inner surface thereof, said nozzles communicating with said ports and havinglead angles of sufficient magnitude that a stream of fuel emitted therefrom through each of said ports passes contiguously to a stream emitted from the next port; a source of fully aerated fuel under pressure connected to Said nozzles; and a flue located in said refractory wall in thethird of said three sections at a distance from said plane, the lead angles being directed toward said flue, and said refractory ,cedono y,

wall vbetween said plane and said flue in the second of said threesections being substantially unobstructed whereby gases from said ports pass in substantially contiguous spiral paths toward said flue.

7. A direct red furnace Afor heating work to an elevated temperature comprising, in combination: structure defining a single elongate furnace chamber .wherein ,the

.work is heated, a horizontally elongate support `whereon the structure is mounted; the structure being dividedQinto a plurality of sections including, in sequence,`a r'st ue section, tirst heating section, a burner `section comprising two circular series of fuel ports tiring substantially tangentally into the chamber, a second heating section, a second ue section, each of said rst and second heating sections being formed with refractory walls free from fuel ports and arranged to conduct several spiralstreams from the burner section toward the adjacent flue section, and each of said rst and second flue sections being adapted to receive the streams and conduct them from the furnace chamber through a ue therein.

8. Furnace *accordingV to claim 7 wherein the fuel ports of one of said two circular series are arranged with a lead angle toward the -nearer flue section and the lfuel ports of the other of said two circular series are iarranged with a llead angle toward the other flue section.

9. Furnace according to `claim 8 4wherein said sections are adapted to be separately removed for repair.-

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,960,609 Werner May 29, 1-934 2,015,699 Trainer et al. Oct. 1, 1935 2,184,300 Hodson et a1 Dec. 26, 17939 2,222,822 Nordensson Nov. 26, 1940 2,277,595 Levy et al Mar. 24, 1942 2,411,663 McCollum NOV. 26, 1946 2,563,908 Bastress et al. Aug. 14, 19,51 2,652,240 Nesbitt Sept. 15,1953 2,668,592 PerOS et al. Feb. 9, 1954 2,737,380 Schramm et al. Mar. .6, `1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 810,981 France ,--..r 2"--- Ian. 9, 1937 574,313 Great Britain ---n Dec. 301, 1945

Images