US991794A - Flying-machine or airship. - Google Patents

Description

D. P. MULAGHLIN.

FLYING MAGHNE 0R AIRSHIP. I APPLIOATION FILED JUNE so, 1909.

Patented May 9, 19H.

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D. P. MOLAUGHLIN. FLYING MACHINE 0R AIBSHIP.

APPLIOATIQN FILED JUNE so, 1909.

991,794. Patented MayQ, 191i. K

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Mci/@ @Wmmgww D. P. MGLAUGHLIN.

FLYING MACHINE 0R AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION PILFD JUNE 30, 1909.

Patented May 9, 1911.

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/5 Uli n. P. MOLAUGHLIN.

FLYING MACHINE 0R AIRSHIP.

l .APPLIOATlON FILED JUNE 30, 1909. 991,794.

Patented May 9, 1911.

- 1 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4. $155 fffyf- 2f ,54 f @J2-, 56 i Z5/ademn' 1: DANIEL?. MCLaUGHLIN, 0F cHioAGo,"ILLIIivioIsI To all whom 'it my conccrn: Be it known that I, DANIEL I. Mo- LAUGH'LIN, a citizen of' the' United States', residing at Chicago. in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Flying-Machines or Air-ships, of which tlie `follo\ving is a. specification'. l

`My invention relates to flying-machines,

or.airships constructed with rotatable .pro- .pellers inthe form of screw-wheels, rotary.`

aeroplanes, rotatable wings or the `like, or

' .any other analogous form of mea-ns for lifting or propelling thc mach/ine, and more particularly to the type of machines com-- monly known as heavier ,than air machinas, in which gas-bags are eliminated and the power for propelling or lifting the maf chine isselffcontaiiied 'QA rotary propeller, or screw-Wheel',-when its power is self-contained,4 as providedin devices of the character above stated and as hitherto lconstructed, 4while developing a lifting force which tends to strain' upward in its movement, is nevertheless incapable of producino` the maximum forceobtainable from propelling devices, as no provision is made for utilizing the inertia of the body Q with which the air-engaging means are con- 30- nected, to aid in the lifting of the 'airfship, and the same -is true where rotary aer'oplanes, or any other revoliible device adapted d. 'to operate against the air is employed.

4My invention contemplates the augmenting of the force exerted by the lifting or propelling means; to the end of causing the object tobe lifted in the air to the height desired.ii-'iid thus provision be made for lifting -"calr'rier`-in4 the form of an air-sliip from the groundto'the heights desired by the operation of an airengaging device alone and, furthermore, it contempla-tes the augmenting @of the. power of the air-gripping device whennsed as a means for propelling the body through the air; my invention-operating on the principle of producing a force suflicient to overcome inertia, of the body to be moved and. exerting such force upon the body to' move it. To these ends, 'I so constructvthe airfgripping or engaging devices asfto cause them to operate intermittently l against the air. and While so operating to move .ina direction with relation'A te the, object attached thereto at a speediii excess olf theirmovemen't, as retarded bystlie air. toward thebody, thus using' the 'air below FLYING-MACHINE on. AInsHIP.

Application inea hueso, 190e. seriai'iio. $05,230..'-Av

means for I.actuating ythe .air-engaging'device, a tensioning or temporary power storage-device, which shalll operate to'. store up power, in the nature of temporary tension,

means with the air-and communicate such tension'l to ,tliebody to overcome inertia. thereof, and. thereupon -inove the body, the

ga ging means with 'the air being maintained,

the body' and move itl while the ai engaging operation. `f v.

of operation is tlie same in eithereasel have lifting the carrier, the accompanyingdrawings illustrating the invention diagramparts.'`

front' elevationof an air-ship-construction embodying. the principle 'of my invention. Fig. l* is'a detailed planview of one of the plurality of Sets 'of vaiies employed. -l1` ig.-2

is a view in front elevation of a detail of one of two `similar mechanisms for controlling the bodily movement of the air-gri'pping or engaging devices' with relation to the a top plan view of a detail ofthe consti-nction illustrated 1n Fig. 3. LAF ig. 5 is au cnil view of the construction illustrated ui Fig. 3

connector-blockefori the pistoiifrods removed.

air-gripping mechanisms cinployedt-` Fig.; S is--a view in front elevationA ofthe triple valve construction for controlling .the flow of fluidpressure to the pistons illustrated 'With each 'i operation, siilicientlyvv long to' cause the power stored in lthe storage oigftenf sioning' device to 'over-come" tliefinertia of.; Y

devices are being'resisted loyrtliejtheir* 'My in ention beemplhyed4foreitlieiy`-VV lifting thepcarrier -by propellingvitupward i. or moving the carrier forward or 4bickward. .e through the air, or'both.' but as the principle v 8 0 connedillustratidn thereof" to means for" matically without regard tol proportions of In the 'drawings-Figure'lisfaviw in is a view in side elevation of tlic saine.v 4 Fig.

platform ofaii air-ship, certain parts being' illustrated iiifsectional elevation. Fig. 4 isV viewed from tlieilleft-hand -sidc fit-said tig. ure. Fig. 6 isagiviewof the samclwitli the in Fig. 3 for controlling the stroke of the- .l vane-actuating pistons; and Figs. 9. 10 and .sipeeiacanoaofv Leiters raient Patented May 9,',191'1'.

the air-"gripping iiieansgas a'fulcrumfso to speak, upon which the air-grippingjiieans may act; and provide 1n :connection with thev daring, the engagement of the air-engaging y duration ofthe engagementof 'the air-entional ielevationuoffineof the fou'isimilarH l 11, sectional views of the valve of Fig S showing the various positions it assumes when manually.operated for controlling the The platform of the structure illustrated -as representing an Vair-ship, is indicated at 12, and has rising from it a plurality -of suitably braced upwardly-extending, converging frame-members 13, whichA are united at their upper ends and form pairs ofbearings.14, 15 and 16`,end frame-members 17 being provided for further strengthening two pairs ot the members 13 as illustrated.

22 adapted to bear against a bearing-surface '23 secured to the adjacent arm 19. Each cylinder 21 contains a piston 24 having airtight connection with the inner surface of the cylinder and connected with a pistonrod 25 extending through the outerl end of the cylinder 21 and connected, in a manner hereinafter described, with vanes 26'. Each lcylinder also contains a second piston 27 which is not engaged with the piston24 and carries a rod 28 projecting Athrough the inner end of. the cylinder 21 .and provided with a cross-head 29 having yoke-shaped ends 30 'in which rollers 31-disposed on opcontained in blocks 45 journaled upon pins posite sides and bearing against parallel rods 32 carried by the "cylinder 21, are jonrnaled. Rigidly fixed in the bearings 14 and 16 are horizontally extending tubes 33, the adjacent ends of which carry heads 34, the outer face of each of which contains a longitudinally extending undercutfgroove 35 forming a guide for a plate 36 adjustable therein and containing an elongated s lot 37,

one edge of Which is provided with teethto afford a rack 38. Engaging with these racks thus provided are pinions 39 lixed on the ends of shafts 40 extending centrally through the tubes 33 and journaled 4in, bearing-plugs 41 in the ends of the tubes, the ends of the shafts 40 opposite to those carrying the pinions being provided with cranks 42 adapted to be actuated to rotate the pinions as hereinafter described. 'The inner ends of the rods 28 are secured as by means of screw-boltsr43 in peripheral'recesses 44 46 extending laterallyffrom the slides 36 toward their upper ends,x the blocks being located below the shaft 18 to be eccentric therewith and preferably a slight Adistance to one side of a vertical line passing through this shaft, whereby rotation of the shaft-18 and arms 19, as hereinafter described, serves l19 and the mechanism carried thereby are to reciprocate the pistons 27 in the cylinders 21, the parts described being so arranged as. to cause the pistons 27 ,to be moved downward in'` the cylinders toward the 'platform at a speed greater thanthe normal retarded 70 fall of the structure.

The outer end of 'each rod 25 carries a bearing 47 in which Va transverse rock-shaft 48 is journaled, the opposite ends ofv these shafts carrying rollers 49Which operate i-n 75 parallel inner spaced guides 50 afforded by slotted plates 51 extending upwardly from Athe cylindersV 21, whereby the rods 25 are guided in a straight path during their 'reciprocation, as hereinafter described. Each 80 of the rock-shafts 48, beyond the rollers 49, carries upwardly extending. arms 52 provided near their'upper ends with rollers 53- which are confined 'and operate in camshaped Guides 54 afforded by slotted plates. 85 55 para leling the platesl 51 and likewise carried by the cylinders 21, the guides 54 being formed with two straight sections 56 and 57 disposed in non-alinlng planes and connected by an inclined portion 58. Thus. 9G

when the pistons 24are moved in the cylinders 21, the shafts 48 will rock'and the vanes 26 Will be moved to change the angle at which they extend with relation to the arms 19. The vanes 26 illustrated are pref- 95 erably provided in'pairs, one set foreach arm 19 connected together by rods 26, vthe body-portion of each vane being formed of a rectangular shaped frame 59 carrying a Wire net-,work -60 and a series of flaps 61 each of which is preferably formed of flexible material, such as canvas, 'secured in any desired manner to the body-portion of the vane along one` edge" to overlap the adjacent flap when they lie flatwise against the network, the flaps being so positioned cn the body-portions of the vanes as to cause them to lie against the under side of the net-work 60 provided on the trame 59 when the cylinders 21 are at-.the highest'point in their travel and beldispos'ed above such 4frames when the cylinders are at the lowermost point of their travel. v

In the operation of the device, the arms caused to be rapidly rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2, by any suitable source of power, as by the engine indicate at 61at supported on the platform 12 and connected with the shaft 18 through th'e 120 medium of the belt 62. When the cylinders 21 occupy their lowermost position in the circular path of travel the pistons 24 and 27 are spaced but a slight distance apart and confine air between them and the rollers 53 '125 engage the straight portions 56 of the guides as represented of the lowermost one in Fig.

2, in which position the vanes 26 assume an incline position with relation to the. arms 19, as represented of the loweriost one 1n 130 Fig. 2, whereby the air passing through the net-work of the vanes raises the flaps 61,

thus reducingresistance thereto of the air` to-the minimum. As each cylindr 21 moves from its lowermost positionto a position in whichit. is at the uppermost pointof its travel` the piston 24 contained therein is caused to be sucked farther into the cylinder by the suction action produced thereon by the movement of its coperating piston 27 in moving toward the axis of the shaft 18 at a speed greater than the normal retarded fall of the structure, due to the connection of its rod 28 with the block 45 arranged eccentrically of the shaft 18, and simultaneouslyitherewith the rollers 53 are moved in the cam-slots 54 beyond the portions 58 thereof and toward 'the shaft 18 to the position represented of the uppermost one in Fig. 2, with the result of tilting the vanes 264 in a direction opposite `to that which they occupy when in lowermost position, namely to the position illustrated of the uppermost vane in Fig. 2. When the cylinders 21 move from uppermostposition to-a position intermediate the uppermost and lowermost positions, the pistons 27 are' forced outwardly, thereby permitting the air operating against the vanes 26 to pull the pistons 24 outwardly, thus causing the rollers 53 to move in the cam-guides 54 toward their outer ends and carry the vanes 26 to theposition illustrated by the one in the left-hand side of Fig. 2. It will thus be seen that the vanes as soonas they pass the intfrmediate position represented by the varcin the righthand side ofFig. 2, in traveling through their circular path, begin to act 'upon the air, the gradual' tilting action of the vanes serving to augment their grip on the air. As the vanes move from the position represented by the one in the right-hand side in Fig. 2 to the position represented by the one in the left-hand side thereof, the force of the air exerted against them tends to draw the pistons 24 connected there-with toward the outer'ends of the cylinders, but as during this action the pistons 27 are moved in the cylinders toward their innerends with the consequent suction action upon'thepistons 24, the latter are caused to be sucked into the cylinders toward the shaft 18. The pressure of the air against the vanes while the latter are moving in a rotary path and are being drawn toward the shaft 18 in the cylinders, serves to prevent the pistons 24 from traveling at as fast a speed as the pis- Atons 27, due to the fact that the last refcrred to pistons travel at af speed toward 4the shaft 18 in excess of the greatest possible speed at which the vanes may move toward this shaft, and' thusV the 'degree of vacuum between the pairs of' pistons is increased, with the result of causing the airpressureagainst the under side of the pis:`

tons 27 to liftthe latter upward toward the vanes and consequently lift the platform, the result of operating the pairs of pistons successively as described serving to produce continuous lifting of the platform and, accordingly, the entire structure. Furthermore, by operating'the pistons as described, the pistons 27 will be caused to strike the air beneath them with a force suicient to cause these pistons to rebound on the column of air beneath them and thus with each 'rebound an impetus in an upward direction is imparted to the pistons 27 and the platform carried thereby, which results in aiding vin the lifting action.

As the cylinders rotate about the shaft 18 they will be caused to oscillate upon the arms 19, the roller mechanism 31 provided on the rods 28 serving to positively guide the latter in their reciprocating `movement and hold them in proper alinement with the cylinders with which they coperate.

vI prefer to provide the vanes 26 in pairs as described to extend on opposite sides of the cylinders 21 in order that the pressure exerted at opposite sides of the cylinders shall be equal, or approximately so, and thus the pull exerted'by the vanes be so proportioned von opposite sides of the cylinders as to avoid torsional strains.

A As the speed of upward movement of the entire structure is dependent on the speed at .which the pistons 27 are drawn bodily toward the platform 12, such speed may be varied by changing the position of the blocks 45 with relation to the shaft 18 to vary its degree of-v eccentricity, and as a means for producing this result I mount these blocks on the slides 36 operated through the medium of shafts 40 and pinions 39 hereinbefore referred to.' Thus by turning the cranks 42, thev slides 36 may be moved in the guides 35 and the position of `the blocks 45 thus varied with relation to the shaft 18. Iprefer to provide fluid-pressure operated means for operating the cranks 42 and holding them in the desired position, and for this purpose have illusL trated the following described construction.

Oscillatorily mounted on each framemember 17, as through the medium of straps 62, is an upwardly extending cylinder 68, the piston 64 of which .is pivotally connected with the end of the adjacent crank 42 through the medium of a rod 65S, the interiors of these cylinders, neartheir upper ends, being connected with pipes 66, which lead into the casing 67 of a triple valve 68 having an exhaust port 69 and a port 70" leading to a fluid-pressure pump, such as that represented at 71 and shown as operated through the medium of the engine (31, the ports 69, and the point at which the pipes 6G open into the casing 64 being disposed at an angle of 90O to each other as represented. The rotary member 71 of the valve contains a groove 72 in its periphery extending about half way around it to permit any two of the ports, or all of them, to communicate with each other.

`When 4it is desired to adjust the blocks 45 farther away from the shaft 18 than that represented in Fig. l, to vary thespeed of movement of the pistons lin .the cylinders, the rotary member '7l may be normally turned by the lever 73 connected therewith to a position in which the groove 7 2I registers with the port 7 0 and the pipes 66 to permit the fluid pressure from the pump 7l to enter the cylinders G3 above the pistons 64, thereby forcing these pistons down and turning the cranks 42 in a direction to cause the racks 38 to move downwardly by reason of the engagement therewith of the pinions 39. This action of the pistons movesthe blocks 45 away from the shaft 18 and thus causes a greater stroke to be imparted to the pistons 24 and 27. The blocks Ll5 may be maintained in the desired position of adjustment by turning the valve to the position indicated in F ig. 10, in which the channel 72 registers with the ports 69 and 70, the

opening from the pipe 6Gto the interior of the 'casing 64 being thus closed, and the fluid pressure from the pump 7l thus being free to discharge through the exhaust port 61. When it is desired to decrease the stroke of the pistons 24 and 27, the valve may be turned to the position illustrated in Fig. l1, in which the channel 72 registers with the ports 69, 70, and the opening in the casing 64C communicating with the pipes 66, thus causing both the 'pump and cylinders 64 to register with the exhaust port 69, the effect of thus operating the valve is that of permitting the pistons 24 and 27 to rise under the influence of the air pressure exerted against the vaines 26 as they are ldriven outwardly by the air. The valve may be left in the position last described until the blocks 45 have moved to the position for producing the length of stroke desired of the pistons 24 and 27 when the valve may again be turned to the position represented in Fig. 10, and the exhaust from the cylinders G3 arrested. `It will be manifest from the foregoing that by providing means for operating the blocks 4:5 to vary their positions .with relation to the shaft 18, that the speed ascent of the entire structure may be controlled by the operator, and when desired its upward movement arrested.

While I have illustrated and described my invention as embodied in a type of machine employing revoluble aeroplanes or vanes, I do not wish to be` understood as limiting my invention thereto, as my invention is applicable to machines involving any other form of rvoluble air-gripping device.l

operation of a structure embodying my invention is that of using the air, against which the air-.gripping device is operated, as a fulcrumto afford resistance tothe airengaging devices sufficient to produce momentum of the object to be moved in the air. Thus my invention may be utilized for propelling the body of an air-ship, inl which case if the type of air-gripping device is such as illustrated, such mechanism would be disposed horizontally, or substantially horizontally, instead of vertically, and thus the fulcrum provided by the air as described would be used for propelling the machine forwardly or baclrwardly as desired.

It will be manifest that the piston and cylinder mechanisms coperating with the air-engaging devices and the means for bodily moving these devices with relation to the body while they enga-ge with the air afford connections between the body and Such means which are elastic in character and are thus placed under high tension in the operation -of the air-engaging devices before the inertia of the body can be overcome, and that they thus operate to tempo'- rarily store power during the opposition of such inertia to the force exerted by the airgripping. devices, which power is exerted against the body for overcoming the inertia of the latter during the engagement of the air-engaging devices with the air, thus causing the body to be propelled. f

While I prefer to employ the piston and cylinder mechanisms referred to for accomplishing the above stated purpose, I do not wish to be understood as intending to limit my invention to the employment of this form of mechanism, as any other suitable means may be used for this purpose.

VVhatI' claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- 1. In an air-ship, the combination of a body, an air-engaging device carried by said body, means for operating said device against the air, means for bodily moving said air-engaging device with relation to said body while` in engagement with the air, and means cooperating with said air-engaging device and with said second-named means for temporarily storing the force which is exerted, in opposition to the inertia of said body, by said air-engaging device in operat- `1ng against the air and being moved bodily lthe body, mea s for operating said device againstthe air, eans for bodily movingsaid 85 As herembefore stated, the principle )ofAvl air-engaging /device with relation to said body while in engagement with the air, and means coperatmg with said alr-engagmg device and with said second-named means for temporarily storing the force Which is eXerted, 1n opposition to the inertia ofl Said body, by said air-engaging device While sustained in operating against the air, and elisaid body While operating against the air,

and elastic power-storing means coperating with said air-engaging device and said second-named means, for the purpose set forth.

4. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, cylinder and piston mechanism carried by said body, means connected with said piston for engaging with the air, and a second reciprocating piston operating in said cylinder and serving by suction action to move said air-engaging means bodily with relation to said cylinder, for the l pur-pose set forth.

5. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, cylinder and piston mechanism carried by said body, and movable through a curved path, means connected with said piston for engaging with' the air, and a second reciprocating piston operating in said cylinder and serving by suction action to move said air-engaging means bodily With relation to said cylinder, as the latter travels through said path, for the purpose set forth.

G. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, cylinder and piston mechanism carried by said body, means .Connected'with said piston for engaging with the air, a second piston in said cylinder, and means for reciprocating said second piston to move said iirst-nai'ned piston and air-engaging means `bodily With relation to said cylinder by suc-- tion action, for the purpose set forth.

7. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, aprotatable support carried by said body, air-engiging devices carried by said support and serving when the support is r'otated to act against the air, and means for bodily and successively moving said devices radially with relation to the axis upon Which -said support rotates during the engagement of saidv air-engaging devices with the air to cause the latter to act against the air as a fulcrum, for the purpose set forth.

8. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support cav' 1icd by said body, vanes carried by said support and serving when the latter is rotated to operate against the air, and means for bodily mov-A mg said vanes aadially of the axis upon lwhich said. supportl rotates during the engagement of said air-engaging devices With the air to cause the latter to act against the air as a fulcrum, for the purpose set. forth.

9. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried b v said body, a series of air-'engaging vanes carried by said support and serving when the latter is rotated to operate against the air, and means operatively connected with said vanes and serving to move them radially of the axis on which said support rotates While the latter is rotating during the engagement of said air-engaging devices With the air to cause the latter to act against the air as a fulcrum, for the purpose set forth.

10. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, a series of cylinders on said support, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, a vane connected With the piston of each cylinder and serving when the support is rotated to act against the air, and means connected with the other pistons of the cylinders serving to reciprocate said last referred to pistons to operate the vane-equipped pistons to move them and the vanes radially of the axis upon which said support rotates, by suction action, for the purpose set forth.

1l. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, a series of cylinders carried by said support and piston mechanisms for the cylinders carrying vanes and connectors, the latter being secured at points non-coincident with the axis upon which the support rotates, for the purpose set forth.

12. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, cylinder and piston mechanisms carried by said body, rotatable means connected With said pistons for engaging with the air, means for bodily moving said pistons with relation to said body to causo said air-engaging means to act against the air as a fulcrum for lifting or propellingthe air-ship, and means for regulating the .said bodily movement of the pistons, for the purpose set forth.

13. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, cylinder and piston mechanism carried by said body, rotatable means connected With said pistons for operating against the air, rods connected with said pistons, means connected With said rods and serving to reciprocate said pistons, and means for controlling the stroke of said pistons, for the purpose set forth.

14. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, means for rotating said support, means carried by said support for operating against the air, and means for bodily moving said last-named means' with relation to said body comprising rods operatively connected with said air-engaging means, and a block eccentrically mounted with relation to the axis upon Which said support rotates and to which an end' of each of said rods is connected.

15. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, cylinders carried by said support, piston mechanism in said cylinders and means for operating against the air, and rods connected with said piston mechanism, the inner ends of the rods being held ata point eccentric With relation to the axis upon which said support rotates.

16. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, cylinders carried by said support, piston mechanism operating in said cylinders, means for operating against the air during the rotation of said support and rods connected With said piston mechanism, a second support on the body, and ablock adjustable on said second support connected with the inner ends of said rods and disposed noncoincident With relation to the axis upon Which said support rotates, for the purpose set forth.

17. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, means. for operating against the air carried by said support, devices operatively connected with said air-engaging means, a second support, a member adjustable on said second support with relation to the axis upon Which said first-named support rotates, and

rack-and-pinion mechanism connected with said member to adjust the latter with relation to said axis, said devices being connected With said member, for the purpose set forth.

18. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, radially disposed cylinders arranged in spaced relation around said support, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, a vane connected with one piston of each cylinder and serving When said support is rotated to operate against the air, a rod connected with each of the other pistons in each of said cylinders, and means connecting said rods together at their adjacent ends ata point eccentric With relation to the axis upon which said support rotates, for the purpose set forth.

19. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, cylinders pivoted on said support and extending radially of the axis uponivhich it rotates, a pair of pistons for each cylinder, a vane connected with a piston of each cylinder, a rod connected With the 'other piston of each of said cylinders, and means for connecting theinner ends of the rods together at a point eccentrically disposed with relation to the axis upon Which said suppor rotates, for the purpose set forth.

20. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support, vanes carried by said support and operating against the air when said support is rotated, means for moving said vanes bodily With relation to said support during their engagement with the air to cause the vanes to act against the air as a fulcrum for lifting or propelling the air-ship, means operating automatically to tilt the Yanes to a position in which they will bear against the air with the maximum force when the vanes are operating to propel the air-ship, and means for moving said vanes to a position,k in which they will offer minimum resistance to the airiyhen returning tooperative position, for the purposes set forth.

2l. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, a circular series of Yanes carried by said support and serving when the support is rotated to engage With the air, means for bodily moving said vanes toward the axis of said support while the support is rotating, said vanes being formed of a skeletonframe carrying flaps hingedly connected thereto, and means for automatically tilting the vanes on said support in opposite directions for causing the-flaps to lie against said frame While thavanes are travelingthrough a portion of their` curved path and to be lifted at their free edges away from said frame by the air passing therethrough when traveling through another portion of their curved path, for the purpose set forth.

22. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, reciprocatory mechanism connected with said support and extending radially thereof, means for reciprocating` said mechanism, a series'of vanes arranged on opposite sides of the axis upon which said support rotates and connected `with said reciprocatory mechanism and serving when said support is rotated to operate against the air and be moved bodily with relation to said body and radially thereof during` their engagement with the airto canse them to operate against the air as a fulcruin toi-,lifting or propelling thel air-ship.

23. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, cylinders connected with said support and piston mechanism therein` vanes connected with said piston mechanism and serving when said support is rotated to opcrate against the` air, means for bodily moi'- ing said vanes radially of the axis upon which said support rotates while the latter is rotating, and means operating automatically to tilt said vanes inJopposite directions with relation to said support while tln` lai-- ter is rotating, for the purpose sot forth.

24. In an air-ship,.the combination of its` i body, a rotatable support carried by said body, cylinder and piston mechanisms eX- tending radially of the axis upon Which said support'rotates, cam-shaped guides carried by said cylinders, Vanes connected with said piston mechanisms and serving when said support is rotated to operate against the air, means for imparting movement to said piston mechanisms to cause them, and the vanes carried thereby, to move with relation to the axis upon which said support rotates, and

means connected with said vanes and operating in said cam-guides for tilting thcr vane's in opposite directions with relation to the support upon which they are carried, for

the purpose set forth.

25. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said..

body, a circular seriesof radially-extending cylinders carried by-sa1d support, a pair of spaced pistons in each of said cylinders,

cam-shaped guides carried vby each cylinder, a vane connected with one of the pistons of each cylinder, means connected With the other pistons of said cylinders operating to reciprocate said last referred to pistons in relation to said support, for the purpose set forth.

2G. In an air-ship, the combination With its body, a rotatable support, a circular se ries of radially disposed cylinders carried by said support, a pair of pistons in each of said cylinders, a vane piyotally connected `With one of the pistons of each of said cylinders, rods connected With the other pistons of said cylinders and having they points of attachment for their inner ends non-coincident with the axis upon which said support rotates, and arms secured to said vanes and operatively engaging said cam-slots, for the purpose set forth.

27. In an air-ship, Vthe combination of its body, a. cylinder supported to rotate in an endless path, a pair of pistons disconnected fromv each other in said cylinder, a pair of vanes carried by one of said pistons spaced apart and arranged to extend on opposite sides of the cylinder, and means connected tvith the other of said pistons for moving the latter and its companion piston With reblation to said body, for the purpose set forth. I'

QS. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, an openended cylinder connected with said body, a pair of pistons disconnected from each other in said cylinder, air-grip ping` means connected with one of saidw pistons, and means connected with the other of said pistons for moving the latter in vsaid cylinder at a speed greater` than the possible speed at which said aiii-gripping means and the piston connected therewith can travel bodily with relation to said body, for

the purposeset forth.

29. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, an open-ended cylinder supported to travel in a rotary path, a pair of pistons disconnected from each other in said cylinder, air-gripping means connected with one of said pistons, and means connected With the other of said pistons for moving the latter in said cylinder at a speed greater than the possible speed at which said airgripping means and the piston connected therewith can travel bodily with relation to said body, for the purpose set forth.

30. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, air-engaging devices carried by said support and serving when the support is rotated to act against the air, and means supported on said body and operating eccentrically With relation to the axis of said support for moving said airengaging devices radially of said axis and bodily with relation to said body, to cause said air-engaging means to act against the air as a fulcrum for 'lifting or propelling the air-ship, for the purpose set forth.

31. In an airship, the combination of its body, a rotatable Support carried by said body, arms radiating from said support, airgripping means movably supported on said arms, a second support, and rods connected With said second support at a point eccentric With the axis upon Whicl'i" said first-named support rotates and engaging at their outer ends with said air-engaging devices, Whereby in the rotation of said rotatable support said air-engaging deyices operate to move bodily with relation to 'said rotary support while engaging the air and operate against the air as a fulcrum for producing lifting or propelling of the air-ship.

32. In an-air-ship, the combination of its l body, a rotatable support on the body, arms radiating from said support, cylinders carried by said arms, pistons in said cylinders, air-engaging means connected with the pistons in said cylinders, a second support, and rods connected with said supportand disposed eccentrically to the axis upon which said rotatable support rotates and operatively connected at their outer ends with said pistons, whereby rotation of said ro-4 tatable support causes said air-engaging means to be moved bodily with relation to said rotatable support when they are in engagement with,A the airand operate upon the .latter as a fulcrum for lifting or propelling the air-ship.

33. In an air-ship, the combination of a body, an air-engaging device in the form of a vane carried by said body, means for moV- ing said vane in a curved path to cause it to 'grip the air, means for bodily moving said vane Withrelation to said body While enmeans for bodily moving vsaid vanes with relation to said body While moving in a curved path,' and elastic power-storing means cooperating with said air-engaging devices and said second-named means, for the purpose set forth.

DANIEL P. MCLAUGHLIN.

In presence off- RALPH SCHAnFEn, JOHN ViLsoN,

Copies o/f this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C."

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