US984493A

US984493A - Turbine.

Info

Publication number: US984493A
Application number: US44018108A
Authority: US
Inventors: Carl Roth
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1908-06-24
Filing date: 1908-06-24
Publication date: 1911-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 1928-02-14

Description

G. ROTH.

TURBINB.

i APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1908. l 984,493. Patented Feb.14,1911.

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C. ROTH.

TURBINE.

ArPLIoATIoN FILED JUNI: 24. 1908.

Patented Feb. 14, 1911.4

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CARL ROTH, OF ZEHLENDORF, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

atentcd Feb. 14, 1911.

Application filed .Tune 24, 1908. Serial No. 440,181.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL Ro'rn, av citizen of the Confederation of Switzta'land, and resident of 2 .Annastrassm Zehlendorf, near Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain `new and use'tul Improvements in and Relating to Turbines, ot' which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam turbines, especially such as are intended for ship propulsion.

The invention has for its object to provide a simple and etlicient arrangement b v which the power of the turbine may be altered within wide limits to meet the requirements of different speeds ot pro] mlsion.

i\ccording to the present invention the steam turbine is provided with a series of nozzle chambers, the nozzles in which increase in capacity as the series advances. These nozzle chambers are connected `in series and valves are ar. anged in the connections. Steam pipes are led to each or several of the chambers in the series and the valves in the connections between two adjacent chambers in the series are such that the connection between the more advanced chamber in the series and the chamber' immediately in front of it is closed when stca m is passed to the said advanced chamber tor the purpose of increasing the power of the turbine as hereinafter described. Thus an essential characteristic of the present invention is that when increasing the power of the turbine by passing steam to a more or less advanced chamber in the series all back flow of steam into earlier chambers in the series is prevented by the valve mechanism provided in the connections between the chambers.

The accompanyingdrawings illustrate this invention in several modifications.

Figure l is a vertical section through a turbine arranged according` to the present invention, the section being on the line A- of Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a development ot a section taken on the line B-B ot' Fig. l, Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section through a modified form of the present invention, Fig. 4t is a vertical cross section of another modi- .'tied form. lthe action being taken on the line C-C otl Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is a section on the line D-D of FiO. it, Fig. (S is a vertical section through another modification, the section being taken on the line E-E oit' Fig.

T, while Fig. 7 is a section on the line F-F oi.E Fig. (3.

In carrying thc invention into ell'ect according to the torm shown in Figs. l and 2 steam enters by the inlet l and passes through a nozzle -lwhere it is expanded and directed to impinge on the blades of the turbine wheel 7. the steam then passes to tht` exhaust chamber S and from this chaluber the steam passes through a non-return valve t) into the chamber Q. From the chamber Q two nozzles 5 again direct the steam onto the blades o't the turbine wheel 7 after which the steam passes into the chamber l0 and through the non-return valve l1 to the chamber.' 3. From the chamber 3. nozzles again direct the steam onto the blades of the turbine wheel T which steam passes to the chamber 1Q which is only partially7 indicated.

The arrangement above described is that which is employed ilor driving the turbine during cruising. in the case in which this turbine is employed Ytor the propulsion ot' ships. Should a greater speed be required steam is passed directly into the chamber 2 through the pipe indicated by the dotted lines T. Naturally in this case `a larger amount o'lE steam passes from the boiler to the turbine wheel and a greater energy output is obtained 'trom the turbine. Should a still greater output ol. energy be required steam is passed to the chamber 3 through the pipe Bn. lt will be seen that. when the high pressure steam is passed to the chamber 2 the non-return valve 9 closes the passage from the exhaust space S to the chamber Q. Further when the steam is passed to the chamber 1% the nona-ctnrn valve ll. prevents thc passage o'lE boiler steam to the chamber l0. Tn this way the elticient working otthe turbine is secm'ed at a very widely varying range olf powers. -\.t the same time the arrangement o'li the separate turbine wheels 7 as have been hitherto suggested is avoided. It will be seen that the nozzle chan'rbers l, Q and Sl are arranged to receive steam in series and that the output oit energy ot the turbine is very sin'iply controlled by passing the live steam to one or other of these chambers while at the same time the capacity of the nozzles leading il'rom the chambers increases as the series advances.

According to the form shown in Fig. 3 the same results as described with reference to the form illust-rated in Figs. 1 and 2 are obtained by arranging the nozzle chambers to direct the steam onto concentrically arranged blades on the same wheel. Thus in the form shown in Fig. 3 during cruising, steam enters by the pipe 13 and is passed through the valve 15 to the nozzle chamber 17 then through the nozzles 18 to impinge on the blades 24. Frein the blades Q4 the steam passes to an exhaust passage Q0 through a non-returnvalve 21 and nozzle 22 to blades 23 arranged concentrically with the blades 24 on the turbine wheel 19. Any suitable form ot' packing 1W is provided Vto prevent the leakage of steam in a radial direction past the wheel 19. During higher speeds ot' the ship when greater power is required from the turbine, steam is admitted from the inlet 14 by the valve 1G to that nozzle chamber from which the nozzles QQ, open. The nozzles Q2 may be greater in number or larger in capacity in any other way than the nozzles 1S. In Fig. 3 there is illustrated ay 'form in which the steam passing from the turbine wheel 19 is further eX- panded in a pressure flow turbine 7a. It will be understood that in this case when steam is supplied through the pipe 14 by opening the valve 1G the valve 21 is automatically closed before the steam impinges on the blades Q3. rIhere is thus no danger of the high pressure steam passing past the valve Q1 to the blades Q4 where. as will be readily understood it might do serious damage.

Instead oit employing the automatic nonreturn valves illustrated in Figs. 1--3 I may employ piston controlling valves in the form shown in F 4 and By means of these piston controlling valves not only is the closure between the different nozzle compartments effected in the required manner but the supply ot working Huid to the nozzles may be regulated. In Fig. 5 steam enters the space 2G to the valve chamber. In the valve chamber there is arranged a valve composed of two pistons and 3G which may be operated by a rod 3T. In the position of the pistons illustrated, the steam passing to the chamber 2G passes to the nozzleN 28 and impinges on the blades of the turbine wheel 31. rIhe steam is then led by a return pipe 32 through the blades and through a passage into the space between the pistons 35 and 3G. From this space the steam passes through the nozzles Q9 and is again caused to impinge on the blades ot the turbine 31. This is the course of the steam during the cruising speeds. It will be seen that by moving the pistons in an upl ward direction the opening to the nozzles 28 may be controlled. It the pistons are moved so far upward till the lower piston 3G in Fig. 5 passes over the ports 34 past the position illustra-ted in dotted lines steam may pass from the inlet Q7 to the nozzles 29.

In this way the necessary power for higher speeds of the ship or the like may be obtained. When the pistons 35 and-36 are moved upward in the manner described, it will be remarked that the piston 36 irst oi all closes ott the iree connection between the passage 38 and the passages 34 before the lower end oi the said piston starts to uncover the ports 34 to allow steam to pass trom the inlet 2T to the nozzles 29.

According to the form illustrated in Figs. G and 'T a still further moditication is made in the arrangement otl the valves. In this form during cruising the drum 41 rotatably mounted on the housing ot' the turbine is moved through the angle indicated by 43 so that a projection 41L comes under one end of the centrallyv pivoted lever 42 which thereby causes theI opening ot' the valve 39. Steam thereby is allowed to pass from the inlet 4Q to the nozzles 44 and then impinges on the blades of the turbine wheel. In this case the turbine wheel is shown as provided with two rows of

blades

45 and 46. It will be understood that the turbine wheel or drum may be arranged to carry a larger number ot rings of blades. Between the blades 45 and 4G the fixed blades 47 are arranged. rThe steam leaving the blades 4G passes into a chamber 48 and past the nonreturn alve 49 into the chamber 50. From the chamber 50 nozzles 51 guide the steam so as to cause it to again impinge on the blades 4G and 45. For greater speeds the drum 41 is moved through the angle 53 so that the knob 53a comes opposite the roller ot a centrally pivoted lever which is arranged eXactly like the lever 42. rIhis centrally pivoted lever is connected in the same manner as the lever' 42 to a valve controlling the supply of steam through the inlet indicated by the dotted lines 40. In this position the knob 432L is moved away :trom engagement with the end oi' the lever 42 and the valve 39 is closed. In Fig. 6 it will be seen that other two knobs 54 and are illustrated and these knobs may be arranged to operate in the same manner on further valves controlling the supply of steam to further chambers arranged .in the series. The description given above, however, of the arrangement as regards the valve 39 renders it unnecessary to complicate the drawings or extend the description to these substantially similar arrangements. Y T he knobs 43a. 53, 54 and 55 may be arranged on separate disks keyed to the same shaft or these knobs may be arranged in diierent cross planes on a.- common drum. rI he arrangement illustrated in Fig. 6 forms a very convenient means for passing the live steam to one or other of the nozzle chambers as required.

I claim:

1. The combination, with a turbine having a rotatable bladed member', a casing in which said member rotates, nozzle chambers of ditl'erent capacity in said casing, said chambers communicating with each other through said bladed member and `t'resh steam supply pipes to said nozzle chambers, of automatically opening` and closing' organs in said nozzle chambers whereby, on the admission ot' steam to one of said nozzle chambers, communication is established between said nozzle chamber and the succeeding nozzle chambers, and whereby on the admission of steam to another of said nozzle chambers, communication between the steam supplied chambers is established until the pressure of steam in said steam supplied chambers is equal, or nearly so, when the communication is automatitatlly eut ott.

2. rlhe combination, with a turbine having a rotatable bladed member, a casimgr in which said member rotates, nozzle chambers ot dill'erent capacity in said easing, said chambers eonnnuuicating with each other through said bladed membe and fresh steam suppl)v pipes to said nozzle chambers, spring: controlled valves in said nozzle chambers whereby, on the adn'iission of steam to one of said nozzle chambers communication is established between said nozzle chamber and the succeeding nozzle chambers, and whereby on the admission of steam to another of said nozzle chambers, communication bctween the steam supplied chambers is established until the pressure of steam in said steam supplied chambers is equal, or nearly so, when the communication is automatically cut oft'.

A turbine comprising in combination a i rotatable bladed member having concentric rings of blades thereon, a casing in which said member rotates, nozzle chambers of different capacity in said casing, said chambers eonnnunieatine; with cach other through said bladed member and opening on to ditl'erent rings ol.' blades in said bladed member, :fresh steam supply pipes to said nozzle chambers and auton'latically opening' and closing ore'ans in said nozzle chambers.

-l A turbine comprising' in con'ibination, a rotatable bladed menlber, a easing in which said member rotates. nozzle chambers of di't'- ferent capacity in said casing, said chambers coinmunicating with each other through said bladed member, fresh steam supply pipes to said nozzle chambers. spring controlled valves in said nozzle chambers and means for externally operating said spring controlled valves.

5. A turbine comprising,` in combimition`- a rotatable bladed member, a casing' in which saidv member rotates. nozzle ehan'lbers ot dill'erenl eapaeitv in said easing. said chambers eonununicalinel with each other through said bladed member, fresh steam supply pipes to said nozzle chambers, spring' controlled valves in said nozzle chambers, a rotatable member. projections on said member, pivoted levers engaging said projections and rods connecting' said pivoted levers and Valves.

In witness whereof l. have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

CARL ROTH. lVitnesses EnNs'r S'rRUMsKI, Etsin Fnmsn.