US983307A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

W. J. PERKINS.

INTERNAL ooMBUsTIoN ENGINE,

AYPLIATION FILED JUNE 25. 1909.

- 'Patented Feb. 7, 19,11.

983,307. Y 4 T-SHEET 1.

7117' *L ,M0/MM @61 W. J. PERKINS.

INTERNAL GOMBUS'IION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 111111125. 1909.

'Patented Feb. 7, 1911.

983,307. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

f I1 6 3 [E lo 7 l 0 /7 Y 4,/ /4 L /2- I l @3f/220 44 39' E 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

P Illll x W. J. PERKINS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION BNGlNB. APPLIOATION FILED JUNI: 25, 1909.

Patent-,ed Feb.7,`1911.

w. J. PERKINS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTIQN ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 25. 1909.

Patented Feb'. 7, 1911 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

nu". VIII/IIIA lll/IA 4 [lll/141111. I

WILLIS J. PERKINS, or GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

. lINTEENAI.-colitis-usar on ENGINE.

Specioation of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. '7, 1911.

. Application led June 25, 1909. lSerial No. 504,328.

To all whom it may concern: ,g

Beit known that I, WILLIS J. fulmine, a citizen of the United States, residing at Grand Rapids, Kent county, Michigan, have invented oertainnew` land useful Improvel2'0 struction'of internal combustion ments in -InteinalCombustion Engines, yof which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements inl internal combustion engines.

It relates more particularly to improvements in such engines in Awhich kerosene, or otherl hydrocarbons of high specificgravity aremade use of as the principal fuel.

The objects of the invention are: First,

to provide an internal combustion engine in` which liquid hydrocarbon fuel of different grades and specific gravity' may be readily utilized, andthe charge effectively ignited when prepared. Second, to provide a conengine in which different orades of liquid hydrocarbon fueland ofa different ,specific gravity may be conveniently utilized, a convenient means of shifting from fuel. of less to higher specific gravity being provided so that the fuels may bev used vinterchangeably for the purpose of a more effective Control of the engine and a more complete utilization of alow grade 'of liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a. fuel of high specific gravity. l Third, to

provide an effective means of forming and convertirte suoli hydrocarbon into .a gaseous mixture for charging the engine. Fourtln to provide an improved means ofut'ilizing the heat of theexliaust for convertingT or transforming the liquid kerosene, or other hydrocarbon of high specific g'ravity,-into a gaseous charge for the engine. Fifth, to provide a constructionof converter which is i0 heated from the exhaust in which the'heat will be evenly distributed through the conv verter. Sixth, to provide an accessible construction of converter for kerosener low grade of oils,` or oils of high specific gra-vity, which is readily accessible so that any deposits, suoli as awuinulations of paralni, tar, or any other deposits or accumulations, may be readily removed. Seventh, to provide in an engine of the class described an improved construction of exhaust pipe, in

, which the longitudinal expansion is coinpensated for` thus avoiding any shearing.

' strain on the bolts which connect the branch ient. Eighth, to providean improved conto the engine cylinder and the tend-v einnv to throw the cylinders-out- Of alinestruction and arrangement of carburetor lfor heating the air when taken into the saine. Ninth, to lprovide an improved means of securing an initial heating of the vaporizing means 1n an explosion engine using kerosene or oils of high specific gravity as a fuel. Tenth, to provide an improved arrangement of sparking devicein combination with the other parts of an i-nternal combustion engine of the class described.

Further objects, and objects relating to Structural details, will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by. the devices and In'eans described in theI following specification.

The structureV described constitutes etl'ective embodiments `of my invention. Other embodiments would be readily devised by those skilled in the art.

The invention is clearlyV defined and pointed out in the claims.

A structure constituting an effective and preferred construction and embodiment of the features of my invention is clearly illus-v trated in the accompanying drawing, forining a part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a side view of a three-cylinder internal combustion engine, embodying my improvements in a simple forni. Fig. 2 is an'enlarged detail sectional elevation on line 2-2 of Fig. l, the bowls of the .inixing chamber being shown in'full lines. Fig. 3 is a detail. plan view, partial-ly in section, through the converter means, taken on a line corresponding to line of Fig. l, showing the details of the passages and the circulation of the heated products ol' coiubustion and the exhaust through the converter, the position of the engine.cylinders being indicated by dotted lilies and the inix'er devices and bowls of the mixing chamber appearing .in full lines. Fig. 4t is a detail sectional elevation view, taken on a line correspondiiml to line 4-#1 of Figs. 2 and 3, showingdetails of construction of the converter and the vaporizing chamber thereof. Fig. tional elevation view through the heating passage, of a modified forni of my improved converter adapted to affour-cylinder engine 5 is a d et'ail longitudinal scein which the exhaust and intake. are all on the same side of the engine cylinders. Fig. .6 is a detail transverse sectional View, taken on line tl-6 ol: Fig. 5, showing details of construction, .the same bei-iig taken through one of the branch exhaustfconnections 6. Fig. 7 is a 'detail transverse sectional view, taken on a line 7-`7 of Fig. 5, through one of the inlet ports or passages 3. Fig. S .is a detail sectional view throughtheintalte and exhaust, taken on. aline 8-` of Fig. 6, showing the separat-ing partition. Fig. 9 is a detail cross sectional view of the converter in a inoi'e elaborate forni in which the oil and vapor chainber are divided by a flue and 'provided with initial heating torch or means at the central portion. Fig. y10 is an enlarged detail sectional view, taken on a line corresponding to line 10-v-10 of Fig/s. 1, 11 and 12, showing the feed controlling valve for the liquid fuelVr andthe air vpassaglge leading to the converter. Fig.

y11 is an enlarged'detail sectional elevation on line 11--11 of Figs. 2 and. 10, showing details of the fuel valve nieans for the liquid fuel and the pair of bowls for "the light and heavy hydrocarbons, respectively, or hydrocarbons of different consistency or fuel value. Fig. 12 isy an enlarged detail sectional viewon'line 12-,412 of Figs. l, 2, 10 and 11,V showing details of the fuel vbowls and the passages of the three-way valve for controlling th'e supply of such fuel toy they engine. liig. 13 is an enlarged detail sec o tional elevation through thefuel control- 0 from the connection to the heavy lingvalve, taken on a line 13-13 offFig, 12, when the valve handle is adjusted to the showing the priming concentral position, p nection open to the bowl for the lighter of the enginecylinder froni the intake valves. 'l`lie."pi'odiicts of combustion exhaast through the branch exhaust connection G-rG-U into the exhaust pipe, 7, which delivers the saine around the end of the engine through pipe S) to the opposite side into the channel 10, thence into the passage 11in the removable en d cap through the retui'n passage v'12 on the opposite sidev to the hollow exhaust cap 13.

'Between the passages 10 and 12 and surrounded by the saine is the oil and vapor chamber 14, which is heated by the cireulation of the exhaust, .and is provided with horizontal distributer baiiles 15, 16, which do not quite till the space. The baille `'1sprovided with vapertures 15, 15 lat each end of the saine. The batlle'lt has sinaller apertures11321K, 1G', 1G at intervals, the aggregate area of the four passages 16 and the two 15l being substantially e ual. By this. arra tributer batlies, the iniature is divided, wheii ngeinent of the dis-f it enters the heating chamber, andv is passed -coinparatively large apertures which infuel. 1 `ig.' 111 is an enlarged detail sectional' View on line 14.--1-1 of Figs. 10 and 11, showing the adjustable stop means for automatically varying the adjustment of the needleA valve when the fuel valve is shifted carbon bowl to the` lighter carbon bowl, and vice Vversa, the snialler for the lighter fuel. Fig. 15 is an enlarged detail sectional view on line 1li- 15 of Figs'. 2 and 10, she-ving thegovernor and throttle valves. F ig. 1G is a detail sectionalxview on line, corresponding to line l 15, showing the ariaiigei'nentv of s aid valves in the casing, the connections being shown in full lines.

In the drawing, erence refer. to 1 similar several views,and the sectional views are taken looking in `the direction of 'the little arrows at the ends of .the section lines.

Referring tothe nuinei'als gli reference, the base 1 carries aA plurality` of there three)v engine cylinders L,-Q-,-Qf, ,arranged side by side; rThe intakes S34-3&3 are at one side,.and the-inlet valves fl-1t are located therein and are controlled by any suitable ineans, asr a rod and earn 4 for each valve. The exhaust valves 5--5-5, also controlled by any suitable ineans, as rod and cani `5 foreach valve, are en the opposite side aperture being required 16-16 of Fig.`

sliinilar niiineralsy of ref-4 'partsv throughout the y -bolts of the flanges on the sures the initial heating 'of` the inixture. 'It is then distributed through succeeding dis-` tributing battle plates having sinaller apertures at intervals thcrethri'aigh, ineans it will be noted that the eharge'inust necessarilyl be distributed, evenly i'nixed, and in the saine volunie to each of the engine intakes, thus insuring .the saaie opera.- tien of each engine cylinder, due to the fact that its charge isl the saine in volunie and in quality of1nixture, and is heated to the saine extent when it is introduced into the cylinder. vOnfthe outside of this heating device is the niixing device 17 of any desir d construction, which is provided with intake passageslh having inouths 19-19 for receivingated side of the converter casing. The carbureter or mixer 17 delivers through the passage 2O into the bottoni of verter. y

rrllhe' exhaust pipe '7 is provided with an irregular forn'iatiou of its iva-ll, which, in' longitudinal'sectioin is preferably somewhat like a double O. Gr. molding which permits` theyenpansion and contraction of the metal of said exhaust pipe without injury to its connections because the said part is offset. r `he give ofthe-metal inthe irregular Wall permits-the inetalto expand Without injury to the connections. proi1ounced,due to the intense heat of the exhaust. Untilthis means' was provided, the device I would constantly shear ofi the branch exhaust, on the larger sizes. On small engines, up to 5in?, it-inay be dispensed with tu is oft ad vantage'even then. This exhaust iipe i' tir-f' and by this r y y A. air to circulate it in close contact with the he thel oilV 'and vapor chan'iber 14 of the con- This expansion is very comes highly heated, and Ilusually protect i it by a guard or casing 7i. From this description, it will be, found' that the heated products 4from the exhaust pass through thev passage 10, thence aroundthe end of the vaporizing chamber Iat llland back on the opposite side at 12.`

It will be noted that the entire. products .of the exhaust are collected and passed through the pipe 9 so that the same will be evenly heated or all heated to the same extent at that time, As the exhaust circulates through the converter, it, of course, immediately begins to give up its heat on account Vof contact with Athe walls of the 'colder'fuel chamber within and, the atmosphere on the outside. As the intake from this chamber is located successively at the points 3f-8 3, it Willbe seen that the heated prodmg around at the end at 11 and passing back through the -return 12 the heat becomes less and less as it advances.

Referring ,to Figs. 3 and 4,it will be clear that the exhaust products are hottest at the lefthand end of the passage' 10 and that they give up their heat gradually as: they pass towardthe righthand end of Fig.` 3 .and still continue to giveup their'heat gradually as the circulatirn continues toward the left in the return passage 12. Itwill thus be seen that the highest and lowest temperature in this exhaust passage will be opposite the first intake 3. The next to the highest and the next to the lowest will be oppositelth second, and thel third highest and the thir from the lowest will be opposite the third,

and that, consefplently, considering the heat delivered to bo i sides of the oil and vapor chamber, the same will be heated equally opposite each intake to the engine; so that, for example, if the temperature of the exhausted gases is 600, 500?, 400, 3000,20()o and 1000, successively, -tas it passes the intakes, it will be seen that the average temperature trom the heat on bothesidesof the oil chamberll willrbeihe same, namely, 0004-100, 500-l-200, 40044300, or an average of 700o at each intake. This secures the best results,

and deli-vers the charge to the 'engine at its very best and at substantially the same temperature at all inta-kes. lft will be observed that this is accomplished by avery simple and effective means.

ln taking the air into the'V carbureter in through the mouths 19, it. is drawn intol close contact with the outer wall of the converter through its entire length which is consequently'cooled t'o aboutthe same ex* tent. The hot air passing into the mixer 17 which serves to vaporizc and break up the kerosene, owing to the fact that 1t 1s thuss'trongly heated and the kerosene is carried 1n a spray or atomized form lnto the chamber 14 where it.' is completely converted into v a 'gaseou's mixture and passed on to the en- 'gine cylinder. Eaclf'charg'e at each intake 1s heated s to substantially the same extent,

owing to the circulation of the exhaust; and

the mixture is the same,

because the delivery of the fuel, owmg to the mixing batlles,

vwhich are in the said chamber 14, is' fully distributed and mixed.

In the modification 'of the converter appearing in Fig 5, the entire vaporizing means and exhaust are formed and arranged all on the same side of the battery of engine cylinders. The passage 7', corresponding to the passage 7, is formed along one side of the vaporizing chamber 14 and is re-curved at -10 corresponding to the passage 10,

which passes around the opposite side of the chamber- 11', corresponding to the return l1, and thence along the opposite side' of the vaporizing chamber 14 at 12.', corresponding to the passage 12. The carbureter .'17 .with its intake 18 and its passageQO to the vaporizing chamber 14 are the same as in the more simple form. These parts all delinitely appear in Figs. 5,6 and 7. Owing tothe cool chamber 14 at the center it is not necessary here-to provide for expansion.l

Fig. 9 shows a substantially vdouble construction, as will be readily understood from looking at the'same. A".An upward vturned flue'or passage 24 divides the oil chambers 14 into two parts, delivering to the same intake parts above. ./A jet or burner 23, or series of-burners orftorches, `is beneath' the same, where gas or hydrocarbon or kerosene can be lightedr to give the vaporizing apparatus an initial' heating. This is embraced in' a case 21, which is" hinged at 22. A lid 25 permits the flue 24 tol be opened so that t-he heat readilypasses up through the samewhen the burners are lighted. In this view, a primer 26, controlled by the valve 2,7, isI

provided `for introducing gasolene or a volatile hydrocarbon, 'for glvmg the englne its initial. impulse, so that the exhaust will heat the device so that the kerosene can then be used. Kerosenaor4 other fuelf'of high vspecific gravity can be so introduced and heated by the burner or torch.'

I have Jfound that the best results are secured in igniting the charge in an` engine embodying my apparatus byfplacing the sparking plug 28 vin the intake passage 1nside theV inlet valve. With the -engine 'using liquid hydrocarbons of high specific gravity, which-have been heated in the converter, the temperature of the charge will be highest at this point, so that the spark-will be most effective. The blast ot the charge carries all impurities and deposits' ot' carbon and the like away, leaving theV ignition points clear. The inrushing charge is; ot' course, of much tiud. tmf-'ther that the -spar'lt is 'low specilie Igravit v.-gasolene,

i liquid hydrocarbon t'ucl. rThe.

-a small qu lower temperature than the engineer the ignited charge at the time ot the explosion. l inost. ellective the mixture or charge has not beenieontaminatml byany ot' thel residue lett in lhe engine cylinder, so that, when the charge otl the engine isignited at this point, it ismost elleetire. in .tiringY the entire charge. l

lt will be seen trom this description that at this point, because nl V improved 'converter and earhureter or mixing device can be greatly n'ioditied without departing` [trom my invention. lty can be veryv simple, as in Fig. l, or it can be much elaborated. i

lonsidering now the mixing devicesI for mixing the liquid hydr( arbon t'iucl with.

ai -:"lhe intake pipe 2l) is provided with an ustable spring-pressed check valve 30, which regulates the amount. .of air which euters. The passage 2() 'trom the mixing' devices to the converter is' controlled by a tln'ottlevalve 31, and is also controlled'hy the ,governor valve 32. .These arel both placed in the same casing 32S, the throttle. valve'l being controlled by any suitable connection, y as` rod 34, and the `governor valve 32 beingr controlled by a suitable connection` as 35, to thc zgovernor.

A pair of bowls Il, -T is provided tor the the lighter h vdrocarlmn,

tor instanee,--and the bowl B7 is tor the heavier hydrocarlmn, or hydrm-.arbon o't high spe;- eilic gravity,--l erosene,-tor lti and 5ST are provided tor they respective. bowls, and each is provided with an overtlo v ilo and El?" tor cari. \'inl awa) the surplus and nriintainingr the level in the said bowls or `t'eed cups. These bowls or `feed cups are volt'cd together by a volte `Ilo in which are passages ylOan'd 41, which are controlled by a three-way valve C-lfl, passagestZ4 and 43, which register with the passages It() and 4,1 connecting! either ot the bowls to .the mixing devices, central passage 4G, zle '18, This valve stem ill) is controlled by a handle lll, which is provided .with stopsA 45, extending to each side, and contacting;`

i'n'cterably with pipe.` 'lt. aud .537 as being' the most convenient stops tor the purpose. Special stops could, of course, be provided. 'lhc threeovay valve -lll is tapered and is held into its seat by a spring lil.' resting' against the colla-r of the handle -l'l-. Aside troni the!three-way control in this valve, there is a priming` passage '17, which permitsI antity ot the `a'asolene. or lighter hydrorarlmn. as the ease. maiY be. to enter the niixinu"chamber when the handle -l 'l is in the central position. 'l`he liydrmarlmu pass s up through the short tube /tT which is ,Le cured to the valve 21S), so that a considera bowl ltl is tor or hydrmtarbon ot'r instance.. inlets containing"V through the` terminating` in the noy.- l

ble.

ie hydrocarbon will be held in vquant-ity of tl t the chamber, or passagethe bottom o *way 20. l

it. will be readily understood that the consistency of the light and heavy hydrocarbon tuel is very ditt'erent, theI light being Very tluid and passing through a small aperture very readily, while the heavier fluid is much more viscid and llows unich less readily. 'l`lu\relore, to deliver even the same amount 'ol t'uel. tor instance, it will be. necessary to var v the. sizes ot the inlet passage. To ac* eomplish the delivery ol the right,I amount ot'- 4each kind of l'uel automatically, a needle'i valve 4S) is located inside. of the, valve 2li), which valve 3l) terniimites in a nozzle, eX ,tending up into ythe air passage way 20. This needle val've t9 is provided with a stuthrngr box 5t) at, its lower end, i'aurroumlingr thc same, so that it will be suitably packed to avoid any leakage of tucl by the needle valve.

()n the lower end -ot the needle valve 4l) is provided a stop arm 51, which is retained :aljnstably in position by the setfsercw 52, and Iis provided with latei'ally-extemling tintfers 5l. 51, at each side. 'Ihese tingers con- .tact with stop .screws 52S, 5?, which are earried on a yoke or support. 53. which cou-ples the vertical supply Vpipe 3G, 37" together. 'l`he needle valve lt.) is screw-threaded and tits snugly into its seat in the. three-vay valve 2li), so that. it turns` under friction. It will be. seen that when thisstop arm 51 is set at the rigrht positionand the lever or handle it Ais moved toward the side of the lighter tuel` viv... towardl the bowl lt, the `arm al will contact with the stop-screw 53 on that side. and. as the. motion ot the handle is continued. the needle valve 49 will be advanced closer to the seat in the nozzle 48 and the passage Ytor gasolene, or thelighter hydroearlam. whatever it `may be, is thus restricted. lVheu thehandle is thrown in the oppositeposition. the stop linger 5l on the opposite side hits the. correspondingstop 53- and opens the needle valve to the right point tor the passage stop 5? and opens the needle valve to the right. point for the passage o the kerosene or heavier hydrocarbon fuel, which is delivered 'trom the bowl 37 -at the said side. rl`he stop, of course, is set'. for the right` position to Iive a proper opening and .proper variation tor theI ditterentl Weights 0f luel. l

The valve t9 will first Irequire. adjusting bet'ore the stop arnris fixed; and, where there is a wide difference in the consistency o'll the light` and heavy fuels used, a different. stop quired to permit `greater movement of the needle valve in order tol fully compensate I'or such ditl'erenee. Where l have said light hydrotaxrlml-i.l mean a hydrocarbon ot low specific gravity, and where I have said a klio heavy hydrocarbon l mean a hydrocarbon of high specific gravity.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new'and desire to secure by Letters latent is:

1. The combination with an explosion engine having a plurality "of engine cylinders, 'of an exhaust pipe arranged toene side of the same and connected by suitable branches to the exhaust ports of said engine-cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing a curve -in its wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving the heated products ofv combustion; a heating 'chamber within the converter embraced by the said exhaust passage so that it will receive heat from its l opposite sides; outletsV from the said heating chamber at intervals connected to the intake of said'enginefcylinders whereby the heat of the lexhaust will be evenly distributed to said heating chamber; distributer battles in the 'said heating chamber; a mixing dey'ice with air inletpassages incontactwith said converter, for delivering the mixed' air and fuel to the said converter where it can be lthoroughly mixed and converted before assing to the engine. cylinder; a plurality of bowls with connections for imxintaming a supply of hydrocarbon fuel', one for a light and A one for a heavy grade; a three-way coclcfor Aconnecting either of said bowls to the mixing dev ice, the passage in said three-way cock terminating :jin a nozzle in the said mixing device; 'a needle valve for regulating the said nozzle;fa stop arm on the. said needle valve positioned to contact toward the limit 'of its stroke ilreither direction for control-'i lingr the saiid needle valve. and ref ifulatiugir the delivery nozzle; and a sparking device arranged to lignite the charge in said engine at theintake, 'all enacting substantially as described and for the -pi'ufpose specified.`

2. The combination with an explosion engine having a plurality of engine cylinders, of an exhaust pipe arranged to one side of' the same and connected by suitable branches to the exhaust ports ofsaid engine cylinder, esaid exhaust pipe Vcontaining a curve in its wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving the heated products fjcombustion; a heating-'chamber within the converter embraced-by the said exhaust passage so that it will receiveheat from its o posit-e sides; outlets from the said heating vclga'mber:atintervals connected to the .intake of sa-id engine cylinders whereby the heat .0ff'thexhaustwill be evenly distributed to 1 sa' eating chamber; distributen batlles y in.

Y' n u, u I i n 01th heating-chamber; a mixmg devlce w1th`a1r inlet passages in contact -wlth said y converter, for delivering'the mixed air and fuel tothe said converter Where it 'can be l thoroughly mixed and converted )before 55 assing to the engine cylinder; a'pluralityof lowlsV with connections for maln'taining a pose specified..

supply of hydrocarbon fuel, one tor a light and one for a heavy grade; a. three-way cock for connecting either of said bowls to the mixing device, the passage in said thrice'- way cock terminating in a nozzle inthe said mixing device; a needle valve. for regulating the said nozzle; and a stop arm on the,

said needle valve positioned to contact toward the limit ot its'stroke in either direction for controlling the said needle valve and 'reo'ulating 'the delivery nozzle, all coacting substantially as described and for the pur- 3. The combination Iwith an explosin engine lhaving a plurality of engine cylinders, of an'exhaust pipearran 'ed to one side. of the same and connecter. b v suitable branches to the exhaust ports of said enginel cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing a curve inits Wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving the heated productsof combustion; a heating chamber within the converter embraced by the said exhaust passage so that it will receive' heat from its opposite sides; outlets from the said hcating chamber at intervals connected to"theintake of said engine cgi-'linders wlu'1eb \v"the heat of the exhaust will be/evenly dis-'tributed to said heating chamber; distributor batlles in the said heating chamber; a mixing device with air inlet passages in contactwith said converter, for delivering the mixed air and fuel to the said converter where. it can be thoroughly mixed and converted before passing to the engine cylinder; and a .sparking device arranged to ignite the charge in .said engine at the intake, all coact-ing substantially as described and tor the purpose. specific( A 4. The combination with au explosion engine, having a plurality ot' engine cylinders, of an exhaust pi pc a-rrangl-:d to one side. of the same and connected by suitable branches yto the exhaust ports of said engine' cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing a curve in its wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving the heated products of combustion; a heating chamber within the converter embraced by the said exhaust passage so`thatit will receive heat from its opposite sides; outlets from the said heating chamber at' intervals connected to the intake of said engine cylinders whereby the heat of theexhaust will be evenly distributed to saidhe'ating chamber; distributer battles in the'saidlheatin'g chamber; a mixing device with air inlet passages in 'contact with'V said converter, z fordelivering the mixed air and fuel tothe''saidfeonyerter where it can;

be thoroughly ,mixed-and converted, before passing to the enginecylinder, all enacting substantially as described'and ,for the purpose specified.' A

5. In an internal combustion engine, the'- combination of an exhaust. passagel from saideiigineyla' chamber surrounded by the said exhaust passage'of said engine; a mixing device connected tojsaid chamber, and

. the said 'eliainbr being'connectedtto the iiidelivering hydrocarbons oi diiie'r'entweight to the. said .mixing chamber; Aa three-way cock for connecting the said bowls.; a needle valve .for controlling the lisch'arge outlets from said ,threelvvay'coclt to thesaid mixing device; astop arm o'ii said needle valve cop'- tacting with suitable stops to 'automatieal regulate the size of the aperture for-thesaid fuels; a sparking device in the intake of said engine, all coaetin'g substantially as described aiid l forthe ipu'rposespecified.

6. In an internal combustion engine; the-1 combination of an cxhaust'pass'age romsaid engine; a chamber'surrounded.bythe said exhaust passage of said engine; a mixingdevice connected 'tosaid chamber and the4 Isaid chamber beingconneeted'to the intake.

`of said engine;.,apairlo'f feed bpwls'for' delivering hydrocarbons oflitlierent weights to the said mixing clia'mb'ei'; a .three-way cock for connecting the said bowls; a needle valve-for `controlling the 'discharge outlets from said threefivaycoek to the said mixing device; 'a stop. arm on said needle valve co'ntacting with suitable stops to automatically. regulate' the size4 of the aperture lfor the said fugels, all eoacting substantiallyas described` 'and for the piirposespecied.

7. In-an' internal 'teoiiibiistion engine, the

n' .l combination,withthev charge mixing and convertingldevicc;. ta 'pair' yof bow'. 1*., one

for 'light andthe inheritor-'heavyjhydroearlbon fuels; a threeway eoeltb'etween the same; a needle. valve for controlling the out-l let from said three-way cock; a stop 'arm "on 4the said-needle valve arranged vto vcontact with siiitable'stops .to regulate the said .nee-

dle valve; `and ,a suitable'sparlting device in.

the intalce etsaid:engine, enacting for the purpose spleeitied.

8. In :1ninternal combustion engine, the combination. with the charge Vmixing and converting device; ot a pair ot bowls, one for light and4 the -ot.l.i e r i"or heavy hydrocarbon `fuels; a three-wi` I .needle Yalve'for controlling*the outlet from,

' cock between'tlie'saine; a.

said three-way coclC;'a.nd astop arm on theJ said needle valve arranged to vcontact with suitable stops to regulatey the said needle valve, coactingtor the purpose specifiedt 9. The combination with an internalcombastion engine ha'viiigLa plurality of engine;

cylinders, .ot a converter,Y containing a passage t'or receiving the heated products ofeonibustion; a return `passage suitably connected to' said passage; a heating chamber within the converter embraced by the said exhaust passage so that. it will receive heat from its opposite sides; outlets from the said heating chamber at intervals connected to -the intake of said engine cylinders .whereby thedicat of theexhaust will be evenlydis- 'tributed tosaid heating chamber; and a v4.mixing.device for delivering the mixed fuel Aand air to the said converter where it. can be :thoroughly niix'ed and converted before passing tothe engine cylinder; all coacting substantiallyjas described and 4for the purpose specified.

1.0. 'The combination. with an internal combustion; .engine having a plurality of cylinders; an exhaust pipe arranged at one side offthe Same; a converter with a4 'assage arranged tosreceiv'e *the heated pro nets combustion from said' exhaust; a -hcating chamber embraced by said exhaust passage .so-.that itavillbe surrounded 'thereby and re'- eeive heat from,r allfs'ides thereof'by the said.. heated products1 Apassing around the said heating., chamber bya'circuitous route entirely embracing the saine; a mixing dev-ice connected --to deliver; fuel intoithel Vheating 'chamber of said converter, and separateconnection passageslfromthe heating chamber of the converter to 'the .intakes o'f each'engine cylinder, all enacting substantially as described andvfor the purpose specified.

1.1. rl`he combination of an internal comlnistion engine having a plurality' of engine cylinders, ot an exhal'ist pipefor said engine cylinders, which exhaust pipe has a curved .off-set formation in its walls to compensate for expansion; a plurality of flangedbranch exhausts leading to Said exhaust pipe cenmeeting said. exhaust pipe at different points of itslength. toeach of said engine cylin yders; a .converter connected to said exhaust pipe; a heatingeharnbcr v*within the said converter heated by the products of combustion; and means -for delivering a mixture of air-and oil to the heating chamber of said converter, coacting for the mirpose specified.

i2: The combination of an internal combustionengine having. a plurality of engine cylinders; of :in .exhaust pipe for said engine cylinders; which exhaust pipe has a curved .ott-setformatmn in its walls; a plurality of and return passage for receiving the heated' products of eoml'mstien trointhe exhaust of said engine; anda detachable cap at .each end ot said converter whereby the pas sages can be opened straight through. from end to end for cleaning, as specified.

'14. ln an internal combustion engine, the, con'ibination ot a converter having a pasf sage for the exhaustfrom the engine and a suitable heating chamber; a mixing desof vice connected to the said heating chamber to'deliver mixed fuel and air thereto; and an in let passage to the mixing chamber in l contact with the exterior wall of said conexhaust of said-engine; a mixing device connected to the said heating chamber to deliver mixed fuel and 'air thereto; and an inlet passage to the ca-rbureter in contact with the exterior wall of said converter,

' evenly distributed.':

whereby the air entering the carbureter will be heated, as specified.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a converter; a carbureter; and an inlet passage to the carbureter in c'ontact with the exterior wall of said 'con-A verter, whereby the 'air entering the carburetr will be heated, as specified.

17. In an internal combustion'ngine, a plurality 'of engine cylinders; a converter having a passage for the exhaust from the engine and a heating chamber' 'within the saine provided with a Series of horizontal distributer baffles having apertures therethrough, the iirst of said plates .having large apertures toward each end and the succeeding plates having .a larger number of smaller apertures; means for delivering air andy fuel into the said heating chamber against the central part of said'rstbaffle, whereby the saine will become thoroughly agitated andinixed;, anda series of intakes connected to draw from the chamber beyond said battles whereby the charger is l18. In an internal combustion engine, a plurality of engine cylinders; a converter having a passage for the exhaust from the eiigine'aiid a heating chamber within the same provided with a series of distributer liatlles having apertures therethrough, the first of said plates having large apertures towai'd cach end and the succeeding plates having Ia larger number of smaller apertures; meansl for delivei'iiig air and fuel iiilvothe said heating chamber against the central paint of said first ballie, whereby the same will become thoroughly agitated and mixed; and a series of intakes connected todraw` from the chamber beyond said `bafiies whereby the charge is evenly distributed.. Y

19. The combination with an .internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, of a converter therefor; a passage and a return passage in the Asaid coni verter connected `to receive the exhaust from the engine; a,lieating chamber between the said passages divided by horizontal partiing whereby the circulation of the Qexhaust through the converter evenly 'distributes the heat to the contents of the' heating chamber opposite the said intake, coacting for the purpose specified.

20. In an'internal combustion engine, the combination of a converter for gasifying liquid hydrocarbon; a mixing device o the spra variety; a air of bowls arranged as auxi iary reservoirs in proximit to said mixing device and converterto dielivenh vdrocarbon of different weights upward y into said mixer; a three-way cock for connecting either ofthe'said bowls to the said mixinv device; means connected to said cock faor automatically regulating; the flow of fuel `thcrethroiigh when the cock is operated; and connections tch-the intake of ,said engine whereby the suction acts on the fuel supply 1n said auxiliary reservoirs.

21. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a converter `for gasifying liquid hydrocarbon; a mixing device o the f .sp1/a variety; a pair of bowls arranged as auxi iary reservoirs in proximity to said mixing device and converter .to deliver -hy-y drocarbon of different weights upwardly intov said mixer; means for connecting either 'ofsaid bowls to the mixing device; automatic regulating meanscoperating with said connecting means; and connections to the intake of said engine whereby thesuction acts ou'i the fuel supply. C

22. The" coiiibiiiation with an' internal coinl'mstiorl engine, of a convorter'coiii'i'ected to the inffake thereof; a mixing device for 'deliveringj mixed air and fuel to the Said converter; and means of heating said-converter for its 'initial start'consisting of a y flue therethrough and embraced by thesaid converter whereby the converter and the 4contlents' are fully heated with burners beneat i. A

l In witness whereof, I 'have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two witnesses.`

WILLIS J. PERKINS. ['L. 5.]

- Witnesses:

PETER TAYLoR, Pn'raii HoNN. I

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