US2001670A - Intake system for multicylinder internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

w. s. sM`TH May 14, 1935.

INTAKE SYSTEM FOR MULTICY LINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION EINTGINES Filed July 7, 1933 3 sheets-sheet-2 &was

/NVENTOR %Mi w W ATTORNEY W. S. SMITH May 14, 1935.

INTAKE SYSTEM FOR MULTICYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 7, 1933 5 Sheets- Sheet 3 o IIS'III' /NVENTOR %d/r&

&waw/*r W ATTOFPNEY Patented May 14, 1935 UNITED mmm INTAIE SYSTEM FOR MULTHCYMNDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINIES Walter S. Smith, Quincy, Mass., assignor to Shote Corporation, Dover, Del., a corporaton oli Delaware Application July 7, 1933, Serial No. cvan 48 Claims.

This invention relates to an intake system for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, the present application being a` continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 601547,

5 filed March 28th, 1932. Reference is also made to my copending applications Serial No. 601548 and Serial No. 601549, filed of even date therewith, in which specific elements of the combinetion are disclosed and claimed.

The object of the invention is to provide such an intake system which will deliver to the cylinders of such an engine a proper fuel mixture, of which the fuel element may be hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline, including the hydrogenated hydrocarbon, known as safetyfuel".

The intake system' embodying my invention enables the engine to start on such fuels without the use of gasoline, an object long sought in this art, and to run well at all engine speeds and loads, particularly at low and idle speeds with improved distribution and economy and to accelerate smoothly. At the same time the intake system provides a charge which is sufficiently cool to obtain good volumetric efficiency.

In order -to accomplish these objects, I provide a carburetor with a number of nozzles or combinations thereof which are opened successively by the movement of the throttle valve which also controls the air supply and therefore the mixture. I thus effectively atomize and comminute the liquid fuel into small particles, which conditiofi promotes its vaporization. I provide an intake passage from the carburetor throttle to the'header of the intake man'fold which passage' is substantialiy axially in line-with the outlet of the idling carburetor nozzle and is unobstructed except for an electric element which is heated during the starting period. By eliminating :all throttling of this passage'I maintain under part throttle conditions, including the starting period, a high degree of vacuum in the entire intake system from the carburetor nozzles to theintake valves. such vacuum in itself promotes vaporization of the liquid fuel and it also induces high velocity of the liquid drawn from the active carburetor nozzle or nozzles thereby causing comminution of the liquid particles which also promotes vaporization;

The m'anifold of my intake system is divided intosections, each section preferably supplying two cylinders of the engine and each section served by the described carburetor and intake passage. I from one another by baflles or partitionsin'which there are restricted openings whereby the de- The manifold sections are separatedpression is maintained throughout the manifold without material variation. 1

By these means the mixture in a six-cylinder, engine, for example, 'may be divided into three i parts, approximately one third part in each 5 manifold-carburetor unit, and because of the division at the carburetors the surface of the fuel in the liquid state is increased in relation to its volumewhereby its vaporization is greatly" promoted.

The intake 'manifoldis surrounded by an exhaust jacket at or adjacent the connection of the carburetor to the manifold. The walls of the maniold and the carburetor connection are thereby heated so that they are able very eifectively to heat and assist in the vaporization of liquid fuel brought in contact with them.

The liquid fuel, which may be deposited on the walls of a manifold section andp articularly on the bottom thereof, where most of such liquid collects, is largely, if not wholly, prevented from passing to any other manifold section by the obstructions or restrictions between such sections. The distribution of this liquid is therefore largely, if not wholly, confined to the cylinders which draw from the manifold section in which this liquid is present and distribution errors are thereby greatly reduced. The fuel vapors, on the other hand, flow freely through' the holes in the partitionsand mingle with the air and other fuel vapors to form a mixture of the desired fuel-air ratio. r

There are therefore combined in the intake system embodying my invention the following characteristics which effectively promote the vaporization of the liquid fuel, diminish distribution errors and increase economy, name1y,--the comminution of the liquid fuel by the carburetor nozzle or nozzles, the maintenance at partly open throttle conditionsof an increased vacuumat these nozzles ,and in the intake passages and 'manifoldsections, heated wall surfaces of the intake passages nearthe manifold sections and in the maniiold sections' with which walls liquid may be brought in contact and deposited; a high surface to volume ratio of the' liquid in the system, and the substantial restriction to each manifold section of the wall liquid contained in In the drawings which illustrate an embodiment of my invention applied to a. six-cyl'nder' updraft internal combustion enginezg Fig. is a vertical jlongitdinal-cross-section partly in elevation showing the principal portions of a manifold unit; the carburetor and the electric resistance element; I

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the carburetor with the upper or flanged attaching portion removed therefrom better to show its Construction;

Figs. 3 and 4 are cross-sections showing in detail certain features of the carburetor;

mg. 5 is a cross-section taken on line 5, 5 of Fig. 1 showing in plan the electric resistance element;

Fig 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the intake maniiold and the 'exhaust jacket applied to a six-rcylinder engine; a s

Fig. 'l is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 1--1 oi Fig.'6 showing the three manifold sections and the passages or carburetor connections leading to them:

Flg.`8 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line -l-oi Fi 6.

Referringto Fig. l, the carburetor includes a constant level mechanism of the usual type having a fioat controlled needle valve Il) which controls the admission of the liquid fuel through the channel ll and the strainer !2 to the float chamber. The liquid fuel is led from the float chamber through a passage |3 to the interior of a removable and adjustable nozzle block !4 which holds a group of nozzles !5, of which in this mbodiment ot my invention there are six, as shown in Fig. 2. The nozzles !5 are arranged andheld with their discharge outlets distributed in a triangula' opening IE oi a plate I'I (Fig. 2). The discharge ends oi the nozzles terminate 'in the plane oi' the surface of the plate I'I. The

opening IC is beveled inward in the direction of the air flow so as to produce .the efl'ect of a Venturi air passage, the cross-section'oi which diminishes as the inner surface of said plate is approached.

A movable throttle valve a is arranged to con-` tact, and, when actuated, to slide upon the plate so'as to vary the eflective size of the opening II therethrough and positively and mechanically to shut oil! successively the nozzles |5 as the throttle is moved to the right in Fig. l. The throttle valve s thus controls both the' air flow through the opening IS and the discharge of liquid !uel through the nozzles IS. The size of the openings in the nozzles is proportioned to provide the correct fuel air ratio for the desired Operating characteristics.

When the throttle valve is in its fully closed position b, Fig. 2, it leaves a small restricted opening around but a single main nozzle !5 which remains open and two auxiliary nozzles as hereinai'ter described. The forward edge of the throttle valve I& is beveled outwardly in 'the direction of the air flow to rduce the air flow resistance and to provide, together with the filler mems ber Il, a passage of a Venturi-like shape. When the throttle valve s is'drawn to the left to the position a of Fig. 2 it uncovers threepg the nozzles and at the same time enlarges the air opening in the plate IT. When the throttle plate is fully withdrawn to the left it opens all of the nozzles and the entire opening IS. g

As shown in Fig. l, the intake passage immediately beyond the nozzles is bent to the right and then extends vertically upwards thereby bringing the axis oi its verticalportion in line with the idling or right-hand nozzle.

For starting the engine when cold, I provide means for supplying a greater amount of liquid !uel in proportion to the air than is necessary when the engine is running in ,normal operation.

and thence through passage 2| to a vahfe 22, held on its seat by a cani 23. When the cam.

23 is withdrawn by the operator through suitable linkage leading to any convenient point. the valve 22 is lifted by the spring 24 and permits the liquid fuel to flow' through the passages 25 and 26, Fig. 3, and. 21, Fig. 4, to the nozzle 28 which delivers the liquid fuel 'at a. point adjacent to the idling nozzle IS. These means feed the necessary excess uel directly to the. air stream and eliminate the necessity for the usual air choke. J v

I provide for an additional supply of liquid iuel during acceleration through the nozzle 28. This supply of liquid mel may be automatically controlled by means of a mechanical linkage to the throttle control lever 30. The acceleration nozzle 29 is supplied with liquid fuel through the passages 20 and 3l which may be closed by a one-'way valve 32 leading to the bottom of the cylindrical chamber 33. This chamber is vented as by the hole 33'. In this chamber are the movable piston 34 and rod 35 which are linked by part 36 to an arm on the lever 30. As the throttle is closed, the piston is actuated so as to draw in through the valve 32 a quantity of liquid fuel which is maintained in the chamber below said piston by' means of the spring pressed valve 31. When the throttle is opened for acceleration; the piston 3( is thrust downwardiy so as to close the valve 32 and open the valve 31 and force the liquidthrough the channels 33 and 39 to the acceleration nozzle 29. This nozzle 29 is shown as located adjacent to the idling nozzle, but it may be located in any desired position in the opening IC in the plate I'I. j

' To provide means !or heating the liquid fuel during the starting period, I place in thepassage 40 'an electric element ll having its ends leading I an annular bame-'or partition 46 having a central' hole 41 therein. Each header section Supplies e fuel to two ot the six cylinders through oulets 43.

'I'he intake manii'old as a whole is surrounded by a jacket 49 into which the hot exhaust gases are led through 'passages 53 from the exhaust valves il.` .The exhaust gases escape from the.

jacltet through the outlets 52 to the usual exhaust D ne.

Each of the intake nianitold sections is provided with a projectio'n 53 which deflects the exhaust gases. The size of these deflectors is determined by the degree to which it is desirable or necessary to heat the intake manifold sections. To increase the heat transfer the size of the deilectors may be reduced, or they may be `omitted alto-' gether so that the exhaust` gases may impinge directly upon the outside of the intake header 44. As shown in this embodiment of my invention the exhaust jacket 43 is surrounded by a water jacket u to cool the exhaust jacket, as ordinarily The mode of operation of the above described embodiment of my invention is as follows:-

Assume that the engine is cold and is to be started. The engine is "turned over by a starting mechanism. The operator manipulates the mechanism connected to the cam 23 to release the valve 22 and permit an additional supply of liquid to flow to the auxiliary nozzle 28. He pushes the throttle plate !8 to the right as far as possible into position b, Fig. 2, thereby leaving only a very small air opening surrounding the idling nozzle !5 and the starting nozzle 28.' Owing to the small air orifice around these nozzles and to its Venturi-like shape, the suction of the cylinders creates a high vacuum in the manifold units consisting of the intake passages and header sections. This high vacuum imparts to the air drawn through the restricted opening' around the starting nozzles and to the liquid issuing from those nozzles a high velocity which atomizes or comminutes theliquid fuel and projects the particles against the electric element M which is highly heated by the passage of an electric current therethrough. The use of the starting nozzle 28 provides enough additional liquid so that there are suflicient light ends of the fuel to be readily evaporated by the heat of the electric element 4l on which the comminuted liquid particles are thrown.

'Maintenance of a high vacuum throughout all of the manifold units at starting and under other partly open throttle conditions is Secured by the suctions through the holes in the baiile plates 46. This high vacuum greatly promotes vaporization.

When there are three carburetors and three beat-- ing elements for the six-cylinder engine, the liquid fuel thrown against a single heating element 4! is about only one-third the amount'of the fuel which would be thrown on such an element if the enginewere equipped with only one* carburetor, one intake passage and one heating element. By the use of the heating elements,

carburetors 'and intake passages, the vaporization of the liquid fuel is thus greatly promoted.

As a result of these combined factors, the lighter ends at least of the liquid fuel are readily vaporized and their vapors, mixed with the proper proportion of air, are drawn into the cylinders where the mixture readily ignites and burns.

As soonas the engine fires, the hot exhaust gases flow through the exhaust jacket surrounding the intake manifold sections and parts of the intake passages and/or carburetor connection and heat'their walls thereby heating and promoting the Vaporization of any liquid fuel brought in contact with them.

After the engine has been started, the current through the heating element ll is shut off and the valve 22 is closed to cut off the supply of fuel to' nozzle 28. The throttle plate a may be moved to open more nozzles and increase the air supply according to the demands of load and, or speed.

The vacuum, which is maintained in of the manifold units,'draws the liquid fuel, w 'ch is comminuted by the severalcarburetor nozzles,

through the intake passages' and into` the manifold sections. Any liquid that gets on the walls of the carburetor connection blown along by the vapor stream and is heated byjthose walls whereby its vaporition is promoted.`

The liquid which is'brought in contact with heated thereby.

supplied to the engine. Hence this liquid is rela: tively small in amount and is distributed in a mnifold section and therefore afiords a large surface to Volume ratio, thereby promoting vaporization. v

Any unvaporized liquid that may be on the walls of a manifold section would be confined therein and substantially prevented from escaping therefrom by the baffies 46 in which the holes 41 are central or well above the bottom of the manifold so that the wall liquid would not flow through these holes and into another manifold section than that to which it had been delivered. As distribution errors-arise almost entirely from the delivery of liquid fuel to a cylinder for which it was not intended, the restriction of the liquid fuel to a single manifold section supplying only a fraction of the cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine effectively reduces the distribution errors as compared with a manifold which feeds all of the cylinders of such an engine. As the mixture in the cylinder which receives the leanest mixture must be rich enough for efl'ective combustion and power, it is often -necessary to set the carburetor of a multi-cylinder engine so as to deliver a mixture which is unnecessarily rich for the other cylinders and hence a loss of economy results. By means of my invention distribution errors are reduced and the engine may be run on a comparatively lean mixture with resulting economy. Inasmuch as my intake system provides for the effective comminution and vaporization. of the liquid fuel as above described, its vaporization is practically complete. Inasmuch as vaporization is practically complete, the mixture itspondingly the air opening around said nozzles,

the intake pipe being otherwise unthrottled, and a resistanceelement adaptedto be heated elec- 'trically and located in said intake pipe beyond the throttle in the path of the liquid fuel as it is drawn from the idling nozzle, whereby in starting the engine the vacuum caused by cylinder suction may be maintained'in the intake system to the idling nozzle and liquid fuel may be drawn from said nozzle at high velocity, 'thrown against said resistance element, heated and vaporizd at reduced pressure.

2. In an intake system for an internal combustion engine, an intake pipe, carburetor nozzles including an idling nozzle in said intake pipe, a throttle adapted to open and close at least some of said nozzles successively and to vary correspondingly the air opening around said nozzles, the intake pipe' being otherwise unthrottled and having V a section in .substantial. a xial `alignment with the outlet of said idling noz'le, and a resistance element located centrally in said section and. adapted to be electrically heated, ;whereby in starting the engine the Vacuum caused by cylinder f suction may be maintained throughout the intake system to the idling nozzle and liquid mel may be drawn from said nozzle at high 'velocity, thrown against said resistance element, heated and vaporized at reduced pressure.

3. In an intake system for an' internal combustion engine, an intake pipe, carburetor nozzles including an idling 'nozzle in said intake pipe, a

- throttle adapted'to open and close at least some of said nozzles successively and to vary correspondingly the 'air opening around said nozzies, the intake pipe being otherwise unthrottled, an auxiliary nozzle adjacent to the idling nozzle. means to control the supply ot liquid fuel to said auxiliary nozzle, and a resistance element adaptednozzles at high velocity, thrownagainst said re sistance element, heated and vaporized at reduced pressure.

4. In an intake system foran internal combustion engine having an intake pipe, a heating jacket on said int ake pipe, and a connection between the engine and said jacket, a carburetor having a plurality of nozzles including an idling nozzle in said intake pipe a throttle in said intake pipe adapted to open and close at least some oi said nozzles successively and to vary correspondingly the air opening around said nozzies, the intake pipe being otherwise unthrottled, and a resistance element in said intake pipe adapted to be electrically heated and located beyond the throttle in the path o! the liquid fuel 'drawn from the idling nozzle, whereby in, starting the engine the vacuum caused by cylinder suction may be maintained to saididling nozzle, some liquid tuel may be sprayed at high velocity'in said vacuum onto said heated resistance element, and some liquid mel may be delivered to a section of the intake pipe in which it is substantially conflned, so that' vaporization is promoted.

5In an intakesystem !or multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, means for carbureting air and a supply of liquid fuel, including an idling nozzle and a plurality oi secondary nozzies, means to supply air and liquid iuel to said nozzies, a throttle ,and Iuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzies, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzies, a valveless con duit extending from said carbureting means providing substantially unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and fuel having a cylindrical portion substantiallyconcentric with said idling nozzle, meanscooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with mel distributed therein by said nozzies, and means associated with said conduit for heating said mixture. thereby to vaporize liquid particles entr'ained in said mixture. w

8. An intake system i'or internal combustion engines comprising, means i'or carbureting air 'and a'supply of liquid iuel, including an idling nozzle and a secondary nozzle, means to supply air and liquid iuel to said nozzies, a throttle and !nei control vfalve located to close said secondary mnie, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzle, ,a valveless 'conduit extending from said carbu'eting means providing substantially unobstructed means for delivery of the .carburetd mixture ot air and tuel having a cylindrical portion substantially conentric with said idling nozzle. means cooperating with said valve to provide a restricted air stream with iuel distributed therein, said conduit having transversely atthe upper end thereof an opposing heated surface, and means in said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize liquid globules entrained in said mixture. g

.7,. An intake system. for internal combustion engines comprising, means for carbureting air and a supply of liquid mel, including an idling nozzle and a secondary nozzle, means to supply air and liquid iuel to said nozzle, a throttle and uel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzlefa; valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing substantially unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and fuel having a cylindrical portion substantially concentric with said idling nozzle, means cooperating with said valve to provide a restricted air stream with fuel distributed therein, said conduit having transversely at the upper end thereoi an opposing heated surface, and an electric resistance unit in said conduit for heating' said mixture thereby to vaporize liquid globules entrained in said mixture.

8,. An intake system for internal combustion engines, comprising means for carbureting air and u a supply of liquid fuel, including a primary, idling livery of the carbureted rnixture of air'and iuel I having a cylindrical portion substantially con- -centric with said idling nozzle and parallel to said secondary nozzies, means cooperating with said valve to provide a restricted air stream with fuel distributed therein, d means in said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize liquid globules entrained in said mixture.

9. An intake system for internal combustion engines, comprising means for carbureting air and a supply oi liquid fuel, including a primary, idling nozzle and a plurality of secondary nozzies, means to supply air and .liquid iuel to said nozzies, a throttle and Iuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzies, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzles in succession, a valveless conduitextending from said carburet ing` means, providing substantially unobstructed delivery ot the carbureted mixture of air and iuel having a cylindrical portion substantially concentric with'said idling nozzle and parallel to said secondarynozzles, means cooperating with said nozzies, an inlet for the passage of air, a separable plate across and partially closing said inlet in the plane of .the nozzle outlets, said plate hav-' ing an opening therein of a predetermined size and shape, a throttle and fuelcontrol valve in sliding engagement with 'said plate, adapted to open and close said other nozzles and correspondingly control the flow of air past the said nozzies, and a conduit ior the mixture of air and oil dea oneve livered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line with said idling nozzle.

11. In a carburetor, a constant levelfuel-supply-device, a conduit for the passage of air, a separable plate across and partially closing said conduit, said plate having an opening therein of a predetermined size and shape, a series of fuel jets of a predetermined discharge capacity disposed in said opening, including an idling jet and other jets fed from said device, a movable throttle adapted to slide across and control in a concentrated stream the flow of air through said predetermined opening and having the plane of the lower surface of said throttle closely adjacent the plane of the tops of said other jets to cover and uncover the said other jets in its opposite move= ments and correspondingly with the increase or decrease of the effective opening for said air flow, and a passage above said throttle for said fuel and air mixture, said passage having on the idling jet side of the same, adjacent said idling jet and opposite said throttle a wall of Venturi-like form, and said conduit being free of obstruction beyond any Operating jet. i

12. In a carburetor, a constant level fuel-supply-device, a conduit for the passage of air, a separable plate across and partially closing said conduit, said plate having an opening therein of a predetermined size and shape, a series of fuel jets, of a predetermined discharge capacity disposed in said opening, including an idling jet and other jets fed from said device, a movable throttle adapted to slide across and control the flow of air through saidpredetermined opening and having the plane of the lower surface of said throttle closely adjacent the plane 'of the tops of said other jets to cover and uncover the said other jets in its opposite movements and correspondingly with the increase or decrease of the effective opening for said air flow, anda passage above said throttle for said fuel and air mixture, said passage having a cylindrical outlet portion axially aligned 'with said idling jet and also having on the idling jet side of the same, adjacent saididling jet and opposite said throttle a wall of Venturi-like form. 13. A carburetor having in combination, an idling oil nozzle, a number of other oil nozzles, a valve adapted to 'open and close said other nozzles, means to move said valve to open and close said other nozzles, a plate defining the air opening around said idling nozzle and said other nozzles, the inner edge of the plate being beveled inward from bottom to top adjacent said idling nozzle and adapted to form with the valve a contracted concentrated air passage surrounding said nozzle, a'conduit for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles. having its opening ad-^ jacent the nozzles symnetrical to said nozzles as a group and having a cylindrical portionparallel to but spaced from said` nozzles, theaxis of said 'cylindrical portion being substantially in line with saididling nozzle but axially offset from said ar opening.

14. A carburetor having in, combination, an idling oil nozzle, a number of other oil nozzles, a valve adapted to open` and close said other nozzles, means to move said valve to open and close said other nozzles, a plate dening the air opening around said idling nozzle and said other nozzles, the inner edge of the plate being beveled inward from bottom to top adjacent said idling nozzle'and adapted to form with the valve a con- 5 tracted concentrated air passage surrounding said nozzle, a conduit for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles having its opening adjacent the nozzles symmetrical to said nozzles as a whole and having a cylindrical portion parallel to but .spaced from said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical portion being substantially in line with said idling nozzle. V 15, A carburetor having in combination a number of oil nozzles, a sliding valve member adapted to close said nozzles, means to move said member to uncover at least some of`said nozzles in suo-o cession, a plate defining at least in part the air opening around said nozzles, the inner edge of the plate being beveled inward from bottom to top and that part of the plate near the nozzle to be first uncovered forming a contracted air passage adjacent said nozzle, a passage for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles having its opening adjacent the nozzles symmetrical to said nozzles as a whole and having walls curved above said opening in the direction of said first nozzle to be opened and then beconing cylindrical, to deflne cylindrical portions, parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical portions being substantially in line with said first nozzle.

to be opened.

16. A carburetor havingin combination a number of oil nozzles, a sliding valve member adapted to close said nozzles, means to move said member to uncover at least some of said nozzles in succession, a plate defining at least in part the air opening around said nozzles, the inner edge of the plate being beveled inward from bottom to top and that part of the plate near the nozzle to be flrst uncovered forming a contracted air passage adjacent said nozzle, an unobst'ructed passage above said nozzles for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nzzles having its opening adjacent the nozzles 'symmetrical to said nozzes as a whole and having walls curving above said opening in the direction of said first nozzle to be opened and then becoming cylindrical, to denne cylindrical portions, parallel to saidnozzles, the

axis of said cylindrical portions being substantially in line with saidfirst nozzle to be opened.

17. A fuel oil carburetor having in combinetion, an idling fuel nozzle, anumbervof other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and fuel control valve adapted to open and close said nozzles, a plate defining a triangular shaped air opening around the nozzles, the apex ot the' triangle being f located adjacent the idling fuel nozzle, means to move said valve across said air opening thereby to control the flow of air' past the said nozzles, and a conduit for the mixture ot air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to the nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially 'in line with said i idling nozzle.

18. A fuel oil carbureter having in combinaton,

'an idling fuel nozzle, a number of other fuel nozmain fuel control to control flow of said additional fuel, and a conduit forthe mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereot a cvlindrical portion parallel to said main nozzles; the axis of said A cylindricaloutlet portion being substantiaily in line with said idling nozzle.

19. A fuel oil carbureter having in combination, an idling fuel nozzle, a number of other Iuel nozzles, a combined throttle and main fuel control valve adapted to open and close said other nozzles and correspondingly control the flow of air past said nozzles, means to supply liquid uel 'axis of said cylindrical outiet portion being substantially in line with flow of fuel from said idling nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle.

20. A fuel oil carbureter having in combination, an idling fuel nozzle, a number of 'other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle' and main fuel control valve adapted to open and close'said other nozzles and' 'correspondingly control the flow'of air past said nozzles, means to supply liquid fuel to said nozzles, an auxiliary fuel nozzle located on one side of said idling fuel nozzle to supply additional i'uel to a point immediately adjacent said idling Iuel nozzle and throttle, for passage with the air past said throttle, an accelerating device including a second auxiliary nozzle located on the opposite side of said idling nozzle from said first auxiliary nozzle for supplying additional' iuel during acceleration to a point immediately adjacent said idling nozzle, means independent of any throttle and main iuel 'control to control flow of additional fuel through one of said auxiliary nozzles, and a conduit :tor the mixture ot air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having' i adjacent the outlet thereot a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line with flow of fuel from said idling nozzle and auxiliary nozzles, and free of obstructionbeyond any operating nozzle i 21. A fuel oil carbureter having in combination, an idling fuel nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and main uel` control valve adapted to open and close said other nozzles 'and correspondingly control the flow of air past said nozzles, means to supply liquid fuel to said nozzles, an auxiliary fuel nozzle located on one side of said idling fuel nozzle to supply additional fuel to a point immediately adjacent said idling fuel nozzle and throttle, for passage with the air, past said throttle, an` accelerating device including a second auxiliary nozzle located on the opposite side of said idling nozzle from said first auxiliary nozzle for supplying additional 'fuel during acceleration to a point immediately adjacent said idling nozzle, means independent of any throttle and main fuel control including a manually and independently operated valve, too

` control flow of additional fuel through one of said auxiliary nozzles anda conduit for the mixture v of air and oil delivered' by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereor a 'cylinin line with flow of 'i'uel from said idling nozzle ,said nozzles in succession, the conduit beyond the throttle plate being 'unthrottled, and the size and shape of the said opening and thecapacity of said nozzles being" predetermined so that the movement of said throttle plate varies the eflective' size of said opening in -proportion to the throttle-controlled discharge capacity 'of' the open nozzles to maintain the desired !nel-air ratio of the mixture delivered by the carburetor.

23. A carburetor for internal combustion engines having in combination a conduit for the passage of air, a separablc plate across and partially closing said conduit, said plate having an opening therein of a predetermined size and shape, a plurality of liquid fuel nozzles of a predetermined discharge capacity disposed in said opening, including an idling nozzle, and a throttle' plate in sliding engagement 'with said first plate and movable across said opening to open and close at least some of said nozzles in suc-` cession, the conduit beyond the throttle plate being unthrottled and having a portion in substantial axial alignment with said idling nozzle, and the sizeand shape of the said opening and the capacity of said nozzles being predetermined so that the movement oi' said throttle plate varies 'the eflective size of said opening in proportion 24. A carburetor for internal combustion en- I gines having in combination a conduit for the passage of air, a separable plate across and partially closing said conduit, said plate having an opening therein of a predetermined size andshape, a plurality of liquid fuel nozzles of a pre-' determined discharge capacity disposed in said opening, including an idling nozzle, an auxiiiary nozzle, means to control the flow of fuel to said auxiliary nozzle, and a throttle plate in sliding engagement with said first 'plate and movable across said opening to open and'close at least some of said nozzles in successiomthe conduit beyond the throttle plate being unthrottled and the size and shape of the said opening and the capacity of said nozzles other than the auxiliary nozzle being predetermined so that the move' ment of said throttle plate. varies the effective size` of said opening in proportion to the throttle-controlled discharge capacity of the open nozzles other than the auxiliary nozzlevto maintain the desired fuel-air ratio of the mixture delivered by the carburetor.

25. A chargeforming device for internal combustion engines comprising, means tor carbureting air and asupply of Iuel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil to aid nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to' close said secondary nozzle, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzle, a valveless conduit exten ing from said carbureting means providingun obstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture oi' air and oil having a cylindrical portion substantially concentric with said idling nozzle, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, said conduit having transversely at the upper end thereof an opposing heated surface, and means in said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize any liquid globules entrained in said mixture. I

26. A charge forming device for internaL com- -bustion engines comprising, means for carbureting air and a supply of fuel oil, including an" idling oil nozzie and a. secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil to said nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzle, a valveless 'conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and o'l having a cylindrical portion substantially concentric with said idling nozzle, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, said conduit having transversely at the upper end thereof an opposing heated surface,

and an electric resistance unit in said conduit for' heating said mixture thereby to vaporize any liquid globules entrained in` said mixture.

27. A' charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising, means for carbureting air and a supply of fuel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil to said nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, a separable plate extending through the plane of said nozzles and eifective' to' provide a restricted air oriflce surrounding said idling oil nozzle, a valveless conduit extending from 'said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted.mixture-of air and oil and having its axis aligned with and directly! above said restricted orifice, said conduit having transversely at the upper end therof an opposing heated surface, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream 'with fuel-uniformly distributed therein, and-means in said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize any liquid globules entrained in said mixture.

28. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising, means for carburetoil nozzle and-a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil to said nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, a separable plate extending through the plane of saidnozzles and effective to provide a restricted air orifice surrounding said idling oil nozzle, a valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and oil and having it axis aligned with and directly above said restricted orifice, said conduit having transversely at the upper end thereof an opposing heated surface, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, and an electric re sis tance unit in said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to Vaporize any liquid globules entrained in said mixture.

29. A charge forming device for internal comi bustion engines, comprising means for carburetto said nozzles, a throttle .and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzles, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzles in succession, a valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and oil having a cylindrical portion substantially concentric with said idling nozzle and parallel to said secondary nozzles, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, and means in said conduit for heating saidmixture thereby to' vaporize any liquid mixture.

30. A charge forming device for internal comglobules entrained in said bustion engines, comprising means for carburet-' ing air and a supply of fuel oil, includin a primary, idling oil nozzle and a plurality of secondary oil nozzles, means to supply air and oil to said nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzles, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzles in succession, a valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and' oil having a cylindrical portion substantially cona number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throt- I tle and fuel control valve adapted to open 'and close said nozzles, a plate deflning a triangular shaped air opening around the nozzles, the apex of the triangle being located adjacent the idling fuel nozzle,'means to move said valve across said 'air opening thereby to control the flow of air past the said nozzles, and a conduit for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to the nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line with said idling nozzle, and said conduit being free of obstruction beyond any Operating jet.

32. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines, comprising in combination a fuel oil carbu'eter having aprimary idling oil nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and fuel control valve adapted to open and close the flow of air past said nozzles, separable means positioned to maintain a sliding contact with said valve and efiective to provide a restricted air oriflce surrounding said idling oil noz'z'le, means to supply liquid fuel t said nozzles, means to supply additional fuel to a point" immediately adjacent said idling fel nozzle, means independent of any throttle and main fuel control to control flow of said additional fuel, and a conduit for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said c ylindrical outlet portion being substantiallya in line with said idling nozzle, and said conduit being free of obstruction beyond any Operating jet.

` 33. A charge forming device for internal comsaid other nozzles, and correspondingly control bustion engines comprising, means for `carburetbustion engines comprising, means for carbureting air and a supply of Iuel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply-air and oil to said nozzles, a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzle, a valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the'carbureted' mixture of air and oil i having a cylndrical portion substantially concentric with said idling nozzle, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, and means associated with said conduit for heating said mixture'thereby to vaporize liquid glob ules entrained in said mixture.

34. A charge !orming device for internal combustion engines comprising,- means for carbureting air and a supply o! fuel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil tq saidnozzles, a throttle and iuel control valve located to close said secondry nozzle, means to move said valve to open said .secondary nozzle, and a valveless conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobs ructed' delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and oil having a'cylindrical portion' substantially concentric withsaid idling nozzle, means coopcrating with said valve to provde a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, said conduit having transversely of the upper end thereo! an opposing heated surface. 7.

35. A charge iorming device for internal combustion engines comprising, means for carbureting air and a supply of tuel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzle, means to supply air and oil to said nozzles, throttle and fuel control, a valve located to close said secondary nozzle, and to`provide a restricted air oriflce surrounding said idling oil nozzle, a valveless conduit exten'ding from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery ot the carbureted mixture of air and oil and having its axis'aligned with and directly above said restricted oriflce, means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed therein, and means associated with said conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize any liqu'id' giobules entrained in said mixture.

36. A charge forming device for internal coming air and a supply of -uel oil, including an idling oil nozzle and a secondary oil nozzlemeans to supply air and oil to said nozz1es,a throttle and fuel control valve located to close said secondary nozzle, and to provide a restricted a r ori'flce surrounding said idiing oll nozzle, and a valveless Conduit extending from said carbureting means providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and oil and having its 'axis aligned with and directly above said restricted oriiice, said conduit having transversely of the upper end thereor an opposing heated surface, and means cooperating with said valve to provide a concentrated air stream with iuel uniformiy distributed therein. g

37. A charge forming device !or internal combustion engines comprising means to carburete a supply oi' liquid fuel and air, means to conduct the mixture thus formed to the engine in aceordance with demand, means to accelerate the flow of i'uel ,by constrictng the stream and reducing pressure in the zone ot restriction, means to heat said fuel as it passes from the point of carburetion to the engine thereby tocompletely vaporize same. and

means to simultaneously enlarge said restricted zone to at least ten times its initial area and to simultaneously add additiona tuel into said stream from additidnal sources, while keeping the major portion of the !uel relatively remote from the margin of the' stream.

38. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising in combination a carbureter having a pluralityo jets, one of said jets beings operabie upon low speeds and others o! said jets being adapted i'or operation as the speed and load is increased, means to supply iuel oil to said jets, means to supply air adjacent said jets for mixture with the oil issuing from the jets, means idling jet without ear'lier material contact of the fuel giobules with said conducting means, and means to heat said ,mixture on starting the engine as it leaves the point of carburetion thereby to further vaporize the said iobules.

39. A charge torming device tor internal combustion engines comprising in combination a carbureter 'having a plurality of jets, one of said jets being operable upon low speeds and others oi said jets being adapted for operation as the speed and load is increased, means to supply tuel oil to said jets, means to supply air to said jets !or mixture with the oil issuing from the, jets, means to control flow of oil !rom said jets in accordance with said speed and load condition, means to conduct the mixture oi' carbureted air and fuel to the engine, said means being shaped and spaced to permit passage of the mixture therethrough without material contact of the fue giobules therewith, means to supply initial heat to the mixture upon starting of the engine, and additional means to heat said mixture on its passage through said conducting means:

40. A charge torming device for internal combustion engines, comprising in combination a carbureter having a primary idling oil nozzle and a plurality of additional oil nozzles, one of said nozzles being operable upon low speeds and others of said nozzles being ada tion as the speed and load is increased, means to supply tuel oil to said nozzles, means to supply air to said nozzles tor mixture with pted 'for operatrol flow of oil from said nozzles in accordance with said speed and load conditions, comprising a valve positioned to close said additional nozzles and to open said nozzles in succession, means to conduct the mixture of carbureted air and !uel to the engine, said means being shaped and ,spaced to permit passage of the mixture therethrough without material contact of the fuel giobules therewith, and means to heat said mixture as it leaves the point ot carburetion thereby to further vaporize said globules,

41. :The method of forming and delivering a charge of hydrocarbon fuels and air, which consists in 'sucking air in a moving confined stream, temporarily constricting saidstream to increase its speed and to reduce^the pressure in the zone of the restriction, sucking the fuel from a source in said restricted zone and intermediate the consaid source meanwhile keeping the major portion' valve adapted to open and close said other nozof said discharged fuel relatively remote from the margin of said stream, heating by direct contact and centrally of the stream, said major portion of the fuel, enlarging said restricted zone to at least ten times its initial area and meanwhile discharging additional fuel into the air stream thus enlarged from additional sources other than said first mentioned source and then heating the fuel by impact and direct contact witha heated surface transversely disposed with reference to said vertically moving stream.

42. The method of forming and delivering a charge of hydrocarbon fuels and air, which consists in sucking air in a stream, constricting said stream to increase its speed and to reduce the pressure in the zone of said restriction, sucking the fuel from a source in said restricted zone, carrying the fuel upwardly in the moving stream issuing from said source meanwhile keeping the major portion of said fuel relatively remote from the margin of said stream, enlarging the cross sectional area of said restricted zone at least ten times and meanwhile discharging additional fuel into the air stream thus enlarged from addition'al and adjacent sources other than said first mentioned source, said additional sources being substantially uniformly disposed throughout said enlarged cross sectional area.

43. A charge forming' device for internalcombustion engines, comprisng in combination a fuel oil carbureter having a primary idling oil nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and fuel control valve adapted to open and close said other nozzles, separable means deflning an air opening around said idling nozzle and said other nozzles, means to move said valve across said air opening thereby to control the flow of air past the said nozzles, said opening progressively increasing in size from a point adjacent the idling nozzle in accordance with positions of the valve, and a conduit for the mixture of air and oil delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof, a cylindrical portion parallel to the nozzles, the

. axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line with said idling nozzle, and said conduit being free of obstruction beyond any Operating jet.

44. A charge forming device for internal com-= bustion engines, comprising in combination a fuel oil carbureter having a primary idling oil nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and fuel control valve adapted to open and close said other nozzles and correspondingly control the flow of air past said nozzles, means to supply liquid fuel to said nozzles, means to supply additional liquid fuel, including an auxiliary nozzle disposed to discharge immediately adjacent said idling 'fuel nozzle; means independent of any throttle and', main fuel control including a manually and independently operated valve to control flow of said additional fuel, and a conduit for the mixture of air' and oil delivered by said nozzles, said con: duit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis o! said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line with flow of fuel from said idling nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle, and said conduit being free of obstruction beyond any Operating jet.

45. A carbureter having in combination an idling fuel nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, a combined throttle and main fuel control zles, and correspondingly control the flow of air past said nozzles, means to supply` liquid fuel to said nozzles, an auxiliary-fuel nozzle* located on one side of said idling fuel nozzle to supply additional fuel to a point adjacent said" the air past said throttle, an accelerating device' including a second auxiliary nozzle located on the opposite side of said idling nozzle from said first auxiliary nozzle for supplying additional fuel during acceleration to a point adjacent said idling nozzle, means independent of any throttle and main fuel control, to control flow of additional fuel through one of said auxiliary nozzles, and a conduit for the mixture of air and fuel delivered by saidnozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical portion being substantially in line with flow of fuel from the nozzles.

, 46. A carbureter having in combination, an idling fuel nozzle, a number of other fuel nozzles, an inlet for the passage of air, a separable plate across and partially closing said inlet in the plane of the nozzle outlets, said plate having an opening therein of a predetermined size and shape, a throttle and fuel control valve in slidng engagement with said plate, adapted to open and close said other nozzles and correspondingly control the flow of air past the said nozzles,

sand a conduit for the mixture of air and fuel delivered by said nozzles, said conduit having adjacent the outlet thereof a cylindrical portion parallel to said nozzles, the axis of said cylindrical outlet portion being substantially in line With said idling nozzles, means to supply additional fuel during acceleration comprising a well,

an auxiliary nozzle communicating therewith for stricted air orifice surrounding said idling fuel v nozzle, means to supply liquid fuel to said nozzles, means to supplyadditional fuel during acceleration comprising a well', an auxiliary nozzle communicating therewith for supplying the additional fuel to a point adjacent said idling nozzle, and control means for said additional fuel supply means associated with said throttle and fuel control valve, and a conduit for the mixture of air and fuel delivered by said nozzles, said conduit i trol valve located to close said secondary nozzle,

means to move said valve to open said secondary nozzle, means to supply additional fuel during acceleration comprising a well, an auxiliary nozzle communicatmg therewith for supplying the additional fue! to a point, adjacent said dling nozzle, and control means for said additional fuel supply means associated with said throttle and me] control valve, a valve-less Conduit extending !rom said nozzles providing unobstructed delivery of the carbureted mixture of air and lquid; fuel, said conduit having a, cylind'ical portion. sub- 001,&79

stantially concentrlc with sad idling nozzle, i

means cooperating with said valve, to provide a. concentrated air stream with fuel uniformly distributed there'n, and means :Associated with said Conduit for heating said mixture thereby to vaporize liqud globules entrained in said mixture.

WALTER S. SMITI-L

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