US9777710B2 - Method for stopping and locking a wind turbine rotor by short-circuiting generator stator windings - Google Patents

Method for stopping and locking a wind turbine rotor by short-circuiting generator stator windings Download PDF

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Publication number
US9777710B2
US9777710B2 US14/777,815 US201414777815A US9777710B2 US 9777710 B2 US9777710 B2 US 9777710B2 US 201414777815 A US201414777815 A US 201414777815A US 9777710 B2 US9777710 B2 US 9777710B2
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Prior art keywords
rotor
locking
wind
wind turbine
short
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US20160290318A1 (en
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Tobias Muik
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WIND-DIRECT GmbH
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WIND-DIRECT GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y02E10/723—
    • Y02E10/725—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for locking the rotor of a wind turbine and, in which the rotor has at least one rotor blade which can be adjusted about its longitudinal axis by an adjusting device from an operating position to a vane position in which substantially no torque is exerted on the rotor, and in which the rotor drives a generator and can be blocked against rotation in a locking position by inserting a locking bolt into a rotor-side receiving opening.
  • the invention also relates to a wind turbine for carrying out the method, including a rotor which drives a generator and has at least one rotor blade which can be adjusted by an adjusting device from an operating position to a vane position, wherein the rotor can be blocked against rotation in a locking position by inserting a locking bolt into a rotor-side receiving opening.
  • Modern wind turbines in the multi-megawatt range are generally equipped with rotor blades which can be rotated about their central longitudinal axis by an adjusting device in order to rotate said rotor blades out of the wind as required, this also being called the “rotor pitch” by experts. If the rotor blades are “pitched” out of the wind, the surface area of the rotor on which the wind acts is reduced and the aerodynamic torque on the drive shaft is minimized.
  • each of the rotor blades has to be equipped with a fully redundant pitch system, so that the remaining blades can also be reliably rotated out of the wind in the event of a malfunction of a blade or of the associated adjusting device, and as a result certain reduction of the rotation speed can be ensured.
  • the rotor After the braking process, the rotor normally remains in the so-called “idling mode” in which the rotor blades can move freely in the wind similarly to a flag. As a result, the turbine is not completely stopped, but rather the aerodynamic loads on the rotor and tower are considerably reduced.
  • Electromechanical and hydraulic rotor brakes are used at present.
  • the hydraulic braking apparatuses which are common on the market have the disadvantage that oil leaks and worn valves in the hydraulic system often lead to a loss in braking force and even to total failure of the braking system.
  • Frequent servicing work on the hydraulic system additionally results in high servicing costs and long downtimes of the wind turbine.
  • the servicing costs and downtimes owing to a faulty hydraulic system are very much higher particularly in offshore installations than in onshore installations.
  • the known electromechanical rotor brakes offer a greater degree of reliability and improved functionality in comparison to hydraulic rotor brakes.
  • the brake pads are moved by an electric motor in said known electromechanical rotor brakes.
  • the main advantages of the electromechanical rotor brakes in comparison to the hydraulic systems lie in the more compact construction of the brake systems owing to the omission of the hydraulic assembly and the reduced number of components. Even though the electromechanical rotor brake systems exhibit an increased installation reliability and lower outlay on servicing, the worn brake pads also have to be replaced in this case.
  • the mechanical rotor brake is usually installed on the high speed shaft on account of the relatively low torque and the associated reduced installation volume.
  • the turbine-side torque which is relatively high in comparison has to be absorbed by the brake.
  • the braking device therefore has a large installation volume and as a result leads to a considerable amount of extra complexity in the nacelle.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a method for locking the rotor of a wind turbine and also a wind turbine for carrying out the method, in which method and wind turbine the use of an additional mechanical braking device can be dispensed with.
  • the method for locking the rotor of a wind turbine which rotor drives a generator and has at least one rotor blade which can be adjusted about its longitudinal axis by an adjusting device from an operating position to a vane position in which substantially no torque is exerted on the rotor, wherein the rotor can be blocked against rotation in a locking position by inserting a locking bolt into a rotor-side receiving opening, is distinguished in that the rotor is set, by short-circuiting at least one stator winding of the generator, into a creeping motion at a rotational speed which is so low that the locking bolt can be inserted into the rotor-side receiving opening while the rotor is creeping.
  • the method according to the invention requires a generator, in particular a synchronous generator with permanent-magnet excitation, wherein the invention makes use of the physical effect that the rotor field of the generator which is permanently present independently of the power supply system induces an electrical voltage in the associated stator winding each time the rotor moves. If the generator is an electrically excited synchronous generator, the excitation is performed with the aid of batteries if the power supply system is absent. Owing to a suitable short-circuiting circuit of the stator winding and operation, or opening, of a short-circuiting switch with which preferably all three phases of the generator are short-circuited in relation to one another in accordance with the machine equivalent circuit diagram in FIG.
  • the resulting electromagnetically braking force of the generator is then used in order to move the rotor, which is driven by the wind on account of the almost assumed vane position of the rotor blades at a comparatively low torque, to the locking position in which the locking bolt can be inserted into the associated opening.
  • the method comprises the method steps described below for this purpose.
  • the wind turbine is moved to the idlingmode by adjusting the at least one rotor blade, but preferably all of the rotor blades, from the operating position to the vane position.
  • the wind speed and/or the wind direction are detected or checked and the nacelle of the wind turbine is then tracked in such a way that the rotor axis points substantially in the wind direction.
  • the rotor rotation speed is then checked and the idling mode is verified by the rotor rotation speed being substantially zero.
  • the at least one stator winding of the generator which is a directly driven synchronous generator with permanent-magnet excitation in particular, is then short-circuited in order to initiate the creeping rotation movement of the rotor.
  • the at least one rotor blade is then adjusted in relation to the vane position depending on the wind strength in order to move to the desired locking position. As soon as said locking position is reached, the locking bolt is inserted into the receiving opening. The at least one rotor blade is then preferably adjusted back to the vane position again.
  • the at least one rotor blade is adjusted in an angular range of between approximately 95° and 85° degree in relation to the rotation plane of the rotor in order to move to the locking position from the vane position (90°).
  • the respective angle is particularly manually set and changed depending on the current wind speed and/or wind direction.
  • the angle is continuously adjusted in said range as the rotor blade moves to the locking position, in order to keep the desired rotational speed of the creeping rotation movement preferably substantially constant and below a maximum upper limit.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor during the creeping rotational movement is set by “pitching” the rotor blade or the rotor blades such that said rotation speed is less than 1 degree/s, and particularly between 0.00 and 0.15 degree/s.
  • wind tracking of the nacelle is preferably manually performed depending on the currently prevailing wind speed and/or wind direction
  • inserting the locking bolt into the receiving opening when the locking position is reached can be performed not only manually but also by a motorized drive, or by a spring-elastic force which acts on the bolt, for example a pretensioned compression spring which pushes the bolt in the direction of the receiving opening.
  • a wind turbine for carrying out the above-described method comprises a rotor which drives a generator and has at least one rotor blade which can be adjusted by an adjusting device from an operating position to a vane position, wherein the rotor can be blocked against rotation in a locking position by inserting a locking bolt into a rotor-side receiving opening.
  • the wind turbine is distinguished in that it has a short-circuiting switch, in particular in the form of a manually operable switch in the nacelle, it being possible for said short-circuiting switch to short-circuit the at least one stator winding, but preferably all of the stator windings of the generator in relation to one another, in order to set the rotor into a creeping rotational movement at a rotation speed which is so low that the locking bolt can be inserted into the rotor-side receiving opening while the rotor is rotating.
  • a short-circuiting switch in particular in the form of a manually operable switch in the nacelle, it being possible for said short-circuiting switch to short-circuit the at least one stator winding, but preferably all of the stator windings of the generator in relation to one another, in order to set the rotor into a creeping rotational movement at a rotation speed which is so low that the locking bolt can be inserted into the rotor-side receiving opening while the rotor is rotating.
  • the generator is preferably a directly driven synchronous generator with permanent-magnet excitation. Even though the permanent magnets are preferably seated radially outside the stator coils in order to increase the braking torque of the short-circuited generator during the creeping rotational movement, it is likewise feasible to arrange said permanent magnets radially inside the stator coils.
  • the generator advantageously has a large number of stator coils, the windings of said coils in this case preferably all being electrically conductively connected to one another jointly by means of the short-circuiting switch in order to permit the creeping rotation movement of the rotor.
  • the short-circuiting switch is in the form of, for example, a step switch and comprises a plurality of individual switches which are associated with the stator windings and which can be operated separately.
  • stator windings can each be short-circuited individually in order to generate braking torques of different intensities, wherein, in the case of a multi-step switch, for example, one stator winding is short-circuited in the 1 st stage, two stator windings are jointly short-circuited in the second stage, and all three stator windings are jointly short-circuited in the third stage.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram which shows the short-circuited generator during the creeping rotation movement.
  • a wind turbine 1 according to the invention comprises a tower 2 , only a detail of which is illustrated, having a nacelle 4 which can be pivoted about the tower longitudinal axis and on which a rotor 6 is held in a rotatable manner by means of schematically indicated bearings 8 .
  • the rotor 6 comprises two, three or more rotor blades 10 , of which at least one rotor blade 10 , but preferably all of the rotor blades, can be rotated about its rotor blade axis 14 by means of a schematically indicated adjusting device 12 in order to rotate said rotor blade out of the illustrated operating position to a position which is called the vane position in which the angle between an imaginary central center plane of the rotor blade 10 and the rotation plane which is spanned by the rotating rotor 6 is 90°.
  • the rotor 6 is drive-coupled to a generator 16 which, in the illustrated embodiment of the wind turbine 1 according to the invention, is designed as a directly driven external rotor synchronous generator of which the radially outer generator rotor 18 is fitted around its inner face with permanent magnets 20 which extend around the stator 22 , which is held on the nacelle 4 or on the tower 2 in a manner fixed to a frame, by way of their inner face with a small spacing.
  • a generator 16 which, in the illustrated embodiment of the wind turbine 1 according to the invention, is designed as a directly driven external rotor synchronous generator of which the radially outer generator rotor 18 is fitted around its inner face with permanent magnets 20 which extend around the stator 22 , which is held on the nacelle 4 or on the tower 2 in a manner fixed to a frame, by way of their inner face with a small spacing.
  • stator windings 24 are arranged opposite the permanent magnets on the stator 22 of the generator 16 , said stator windings being interconnected to one another in such a way that an alternating voltage is induced in the stator windings 24 when the rotor 6 rotates, said alternating voltage being tapped off at the three schematically indicated phases 26 a , 26 b and 26 c of the stator windings 24 and being fed to an electrical supply system in a known manner by means of an inverter, not shown, or the like.
  • a short-circuiting switch 28 is preferably arranged within the nacelle 4 , it being possible for said short-circuiting switch to be preferably manually operated by an operator, who is located in the nacelle 4 , in accordance with the double-headed arrow 30 in order to electrically short-circuit the three phases 26 a , 26 b and 26 c in relation to one another or to interrupt the short-circuited line connection.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the short-circuited generator 16 , wherein U p is the internal phase e.m.f. (voltage, which is generated by movement induction, in a phase), L h is the main inductance of a phase, L ⁇ is the stray inductance of a phase, and R S is the phase resistance of the stator winding 24 .
  • U p is the internal phase e.m.f. (voltage, which is generated by movement induction, in a phase)
  • L h is the main inductance of a phase
  • L ⁇ is the stray inductance of a phase
  • R S is the phase resistance of the stator winding 24 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
US14/777,815 2013-03-18 2014-03-11 Method for stopping and locking a wind turbine rotor by short-circuiting generator stator windings Active - Reinstated 2034-06-26 US9777710B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013004580 2013-03-18
DE102013004580.0 2013-03-18
DE102013004580.0A DE102013004580A1 (de) 2013-03-18 2013-03-18 Verfahren zum Arretieren einer Windturbine und Windturbine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
PCT/EP2014/000643 WO2014146764A1 (de) 2013-03-18 2014-03-11 Verfahren zum arretieren einer windturbine und windturbine zur durchführung des verfahrens

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US20160290318A1 US20160290318A1 (en) 2016-10-06
US9777710B2 true US9777710B2 (en) 2017-10-03

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Country Link
US (1) US9777710B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2981709B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102013004580A1 (de)
DK (1) DK2981709T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2715016T3 (de)
PT (1) PT2981709T (de)
WO (1) WO2014146764A1 (de)

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US20180234038A1 (en) * 2017-02-14 2018-08-16 Minebea Mitsumi Inc. Motor driving control device and motor driving control method
US11084582B2 (en) * 2017-03-13 2021-08-10 General Electric Company System and method for integrating flight path and site operating data
US11384740B2 (en) 2019-10-15 2022-07-12 General Electric Company System and method for locking of a rotor of a wind turbine during extended maintenance
US11668282B2 (en) 2020-07-03 2023-06-06 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service Gmbh Wind energy installation and a method of operating a wind energy installation

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US11396861B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2022-07-26 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Rotor restraining apparatus and method for wind turbines
GB2560911A (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-03 Bowman Power Group Ltd Turbogenerator Rotor Lock
US10801469B2 (en) * 2017-11-07 2020-10-13 General Electric Company Wind blade joints with floating connectors
DE102018003230B3 (de) 2018-04-21 2019-10-02 Rudolf Sprenger Überlastungsschutz für einen Windgenerator
US11716111B2 (en) 2021-05-06 2023-08-01 Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation Communication system and method
DE102018129867A1 (de) 2018-11-27 2020-05-28 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage
CN110925137A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-03-27 北京三力新能科技有限公司 一种大型风电机组出现叶片卡死故障的停机顺桨方法
US11958512B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2024-04-16 Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation Monitoring and communication device of a vehicle
DE102020004035A1 (de) 2020-07-03 2022-01-05 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service Gmbh Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage

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EP2981709A1 (de) 2016-02-10
DK2981709T3 (en) 2019-03-25
DE102013004580A1 (de) 2014-09-18
US20160290318A1 (en) 2016-10-06
ES2715016T3 (es) 2019-05-31
WO2014146764A1 (de) 2014-09-25
EP2981709B1 (de) 2018-12-12

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