US9768669B2 - Electric machine stator cooling system - Google Patents

Electric machine stator cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US9768669B2
US9768669B2 US14/505,201 US201414505201A US9768669B2 US 9768669 B2 US9768669 B2 US 9768669B2 US 201414505201 A US201414505201 A US 201414505201A US 9768669 B2 US9768669 B2 US 9768669B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
channels
electrical machine
deflector
stator housing
portions
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US14/505,201
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US20150015096A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Huber
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Assigned to BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUBER, ANDREAS
Publication of US20150015096A1 publication Critical patent/US20150015096A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/14—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle
    • H02K9/18—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle wherein the external part of the closed circuit comprises a heat exchanger structurally associated with the machine casing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical machine, particularly an electrical machine for driving a motor vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify an electrical machine which can be effectively cooled while being economic to produce and requiring little maintenance in operation.
  • an electrical machine particularly for driving a motor vehicle, comprising a rotor having a rotor shaft extending in the axial direction. Furthermore, a stator encompassing the rotor and a stator housing which accommodates the stator are provided. A cooling duct is integrated in this stator housing.
  • the cooling duct is made up of a sequence of channels and deflector portions. A deflector portion is located between adjacent channels in each case. As a result, the cooling duct is formed in a meandering fashion along the circumference of the stator housing.
  • the cooling duct in the stator housing is preferably produced by appropriate recesses during the casting of the stator housing. Alternatively or in addition, the channels and deflector portions of the cooling duct can also be produced by machining.
  • the invention enables the cooling duct to nestle very closely against the radii to be cooled. Furthermore, the stator is very easy to construct, wherein the cooling duct can be integrated at the same time. For example, a multi-layer structure of the stator housing is not necessary to form the cooling duct; however, this is not excluded.
  • the directions on the electrical machine are defined as follows:
  • the rotor shaft extends in an axial direction. Perpendicular to the axial direction is a radial direction.
  • a circumferential direction is defined perpendicular to the radial direction and perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • a sleeve surface of the stator housing extends along the circumferential direction. The two face sides of the stator housing lie perpendicular to the axial direction and parallel to the radial direction.
  • the channels and deflector portions merge impermeably into one another, thus forming a closed cooling duct.
  • the coolant in particular a fluid coolant
  • the coolant can only flow along pre-defined paths through the cooling duct.
  • the coolant flows from one channel via a deflector portion into the next channel, and from this channel in turn via a further deflector portion into the next channel.
  • the individual channels therefore each have only two openings, next to which a deflector portion is arranged in each case.
  • a deflector portion connects only two channels to one another. This specifies a defined path for the coolant in the cooling duct.
  • a deflector portion can also combine the coolant flow from two or more channels and/or distribute it between two or more channels in any proportion.
  • the channels are rectangular. Furthermore, preferably, a channel width is defined in the circumferential direction and a channel height is defined in the radial direction. Particularly preferably, it is provided that a ratio of channel height to channel width lies between 1/10 and 1 ⁇ 2. As a result, relatively wide channels with relatively low height are provided. This results in a low thickness of the stator housing in the radial direction and, at the same time, enables the surface area for transferring heat between the coolant and the stator to be cooled or the stator housing to be cooled to be very wide.
  • the channels in the sleeve surface of the stator housing extend parallel to the axial direction.
  • the deflector portions enable a deflection through approximately 180 degrees.
  • a deviation from the axial direction by up to thirty degrees is also possible.
  • An arrangement of the channels in the motor housing in parallel open rings around the motor axis is also conceivable, wherein the individual rings are in each case connected to one another by deflector regions.
  • the deflector portions are designed in such a way that the coolant can be rerouted from one channel to another channel very effectively. In doing so, attention must be paid to the flow of the coolant in order to reduce the energy expended for a coolant pump. Furthermore, as few dead water zones as possible must form in the coolant flow, so that the coolant is always in motion and is able to dissipate as much heat as possible.
  • a ratio of the maximum cross-sectional area in the deflector portion to the mean cross-sectional area in the channel lies between 0.5 and 4.
  • this ratio lies between 1 and 2.
  • the deflector portions extend in the circumferential direction and the channels open out laterally into the deflector portions.
  • the deflector portions are formed, for example, from straight tubes. These tubes extend in the circumferential direction and the channels open out into the sleeve surface of the tubes.
  • the cross section of the tubes is in particular rectangular or round.
  • the tubes can be straight or slightly curved. The slightly curved tubes provide a very loss-optimized flow deflection from one channel to another channel.
  • the deflector portion is banana-shaped. If this banana shape is viewed along the circumferential direction, then the cross-sectional area in the deflector portion initially increases up to a maximum value. From this maximum value, the cross-sectional area in the deflector portion decreases once more. The two channels open out laterally into the sleeve surface of this banana shape.
  • the banana-shaped deflector portion has a convex curvature.
  • the convex curvature extends in the axial direction and/or in the radial direction.
  • the curved form of the banana is defined as follows: The banana shape is bounded on the axial side by a wall. This wall is curved in the axial direction and therefore has a “convex curvature in the axial direction”.
  • the banana shape is likewise bounded outwards or inwards, that is to say outwards or inwards in the radial direction, and can be curved.
  • the banana-shaped deflector portion has a convex curvature in the radial direction.
  • a radially innermost boundary of the channels is at the same distance from the rotor shaft as a radially innermost boundary of the deflector portions.
  • this design is preferably provided in conjunction with the banana-shaped deflector portions. The curvature of the banana-shaped deflector portion therefore extends exclusively outwards in the radial direction. On the one hand, this results in a flow-optimized deflection routing for the cooling medium. On the other, this design enables a very large surface area to be formed between the stator and the cooling duct.
  • the deflector portion is in the form of a sharply curved tube.
  • the tube is curved to the extent that the channels can open out into the tube on the face side. In the case of channels which are arranged in parallel, this means that the tube is curved through 180 degrees.
  • This curved tube can have a round, oval or rectangular cross section.
  • the rotor shaft is preferably mounted in the stator housing.
  • the cooling duct can therefore also be used simultaneously for cooling the bearing of the rotor shaft.
  • the cooling duct has a bearing cooling loop instead of a deflector portion at least one point.
  • the bearing cooling loop leads from the end of one channel, preferably around the bearing of the rotor shaft, to another channel.
  • the deflector portions are closer to the bearing and can be used better for cooling the bearing.
  • the channels have intermediate pieces curved through approximately 90 degrees for this purpose. These intermediate pieces are curved in the direction of the rotor shaft, so that the deflector portions are then arranged in the face side of the stator housing.
  • the deflector portions in the overall cooling duct do not all have to have the same design. It is therefore also provided that different deflector portions are arranged between the channels. It is equally possible to form a bearing cooling system for the bearing of the rotor shaft on only one side or on both sides.
  • the bearing cooling system can be different on both face sides; for example, a bearing cooling loop can be formed on one face side and the deflector portions can be relocated in the face side of the stator housing for cooling the bearing on the other face side.
  • the stator housing comprises a base body and a cover.
  • the cover substantially forms the one face side of the stator housing.
  • the deflector portions of one axial side and the channels are preferably formed in the base body.
  • the deflector portions of the other axial side are then located in the cover.
  • the two-part design of the stator housing results in easier production of the hollow spaces.
  • a design with a sleeve element and two face-side covers is likewise conceivable.
  • the cooling duct includes at least two connections for a coolant pump.
  • the electrical machine is used for driving a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical machine according to the invention according to all exemplary embodiments
  • FIG. 2 shows a cooling channel geometry of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIGS. 3 and 3 a shows a section of the cooling channel of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a cooling channel geometry of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a third exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the cooling channels of the electrical machines according to the invention according to the second and third exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows the exact design of the deflector region of the cooling channel of the electrical machines according to the invention according to the second and third exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a section of the cooling channel of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a fourth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a section of the cooling channel of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a fifth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a cooling channel geometry of the electrical machine according to the invention according to a sixth exemplary embodiment.
  • the electrical machine 1 comprises a stator housing 2 , a stator 5 and a rotor 6 .
  • the stator 5 is attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical stator housing 2 in a fixed rotational relationship.
  • the rotor 6 has a rotor shaft 7 . This rotor shaft 7 is mounted in the stator housing 2 so that the rotor 6 can be rotated with respect to the stator 5 .
  • the stator housing 2 comprises a cylindrical base body 3 and one or two covers 4 . Each cover 4 forms a face side of the stator housing 2 .
  • An axial direction 8 extends along the rotor shaft 7 .
  • a radial direction 10 is defined perpendicular to the axial direction 8 .
  • a circumferential direction is defined perpendicular to the axial direction 8 and perpendicular to the radial direction 10 .
  • the circumferential direction 9 extends along a sleeve surface of the stator housing 2 .
  • a cooling duct 11 for cooling the stator housing 2 or for cooling the stator 5 is formed in the stator housing 2 .
  • the form of the cooling duct 11 is shown purely by way of example in FIG. 1 . The exact design of the cooling duct 11 is explained in more detail in the following different exemplary embodiments.
  • the cooling duct 11 can also be formed partially in the cover 4 and not only in the base body 3 .
  • cooling duct 11 Only the cooling duct 11 is shown in the following figures. The same or functionally identical components are allocated the same references in all exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cooling duct 11 for a first exemplary embodiment of the electrical machine 1 .
  • the cooling duct 11 comprises channels 12 arranged in parallel.
  • the channels 12 extend in the axial direction 8 and are distributed along the circumferential direction 9 of the stator housing 2 .
  • two adjacent channels 12 are connected to one another by a deflector portion 13 .
  • a section of the cooling duct 11 is shown in detail in the right-hand part of FIG. 2 .
  • the channels 12 are rectangular in shape and have a channel height 15 and a channel width 16 .
  • the channel height 15 is less than the channel width 16 .
  • a spacing 17 is indicated between two channels.
  • a ratio of the spacing 17 to the channel width 16 lies between 1/10 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the design of a bearing cooling loop 14 .
  • Two of the channels 12 are connected to one another by the bearing cooling loop 14 instead of by a deflector portion 17 .
  • This bearing cooling loop 14 passes around a bearing point of the rotor shaft 7 and therefore also simultaneously cools this bearing point.
  • FIG. 3 shop s a section of the cooling duct 11 in three different views.
  • the deflector portions 13 are banana-shaped. As can be seen, this banana shape has a first curvature 21 , a second curvature 22 and a third curvature 23 .
  • the second curvature 22 and the third curvature 23 in each case extend in the radial direction 10 and thins form two opposing convex edges of the banana shape.
  • the first curvature 21 which presents a convexly curved edge of the banana shape in the axial direction 8 , is provided for a further flow-enhancing design of the deflector portion 13 .
  • FIG. 3 a shows a single banana-shaped deflector portion 13 by way of example.
  • the deflector region tapers from its maximum cross-sectional area 18 to the channel height.
  • the ratio of the maximum cross-sectional area 18 in the deflector portion 13 and the mean cross-sectional area 19 in the channel 12 should lie in the region between 0.5 and 4. Preferably, this ratio lies between 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the electrical machine.
  • the deflector portions 13 are likewise banana-shaped.
  • a bearing cooling loop 14 as has been shown in the first exemplary embodiment for example, can also be provided here.
  • FIG. 5 shows the design of the cooling duct 11 according to the third exemplary embodiment.
  • the cooling duct 11 according to the second embodiment is provided on the right-hand side.
  • the radially inner side of the channels 12 lies flush with the radially inner side of the deflector portions 13 .
  • the banana-shaped design of the deflector portions 13 in the second and third exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail below.
  • the two left-hand diagrams in FIG. 6 show two comparative examples 24 .
  • no curvature of any kind is provided in the one comparative example 24 .
  • a circular curvature is provided in the right-hand comparative example 24 . Tests have shown that the flow can be optimally deflected when, in particular, the first curvature 21 lies between these two extreme comparative examples 24 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the electrical machine 1 .
  • the deflector portions 13 are formed here by straight, round tubes. These tubes extend in the circumferential direction 9 .
  • the channels 12 open out into the sleeve surfaces of the tubular deflector portions 13 , wherein the contact point has been generously rounded.
  • FIG. 8 shows the design of the cooling duct 11 in three different views of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the electrical machine 1 .
  • the deflector portions are in the form of curved tubes.
  • these tubes are rectangular and curved through 180 degrees so that the channels 12 open out into the face sides of the curved deflector portions 13 . It is particularly provided here that a ratio of the indicated deflection height 27 to the indicated deflection width 26 lies between 1/7 and 7.
  • narrower sections 25 are preferably arranged between the deflector portions 13 and the channels 12 .
  • FIG. 9 shows the design of the cooling duct 11 in an electrical machine 1 according to a sixth exemplary embodiment.
  • the deflector portions 13 can be relocated in the face surface of the stator housing 3 .
  • the deflector portions 13 are closer to the bearing point of the rotor shaft 7 and can also be used for cooling the bearing point.
  • intermediate pieces 28 are provided between the channels 12 and deflector portions 13 .
  • these intermediate pieces 28 have a bend through approximately 90 degrees.
  • Different deflector portions 13 can also be used in all exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, different arrangements for cooling the bearing points of the rotor shaft 7 can be used in all exemplary embodiments. Examples of this design of the cooling system are the bearing cooling loop 16 or the relocation of the deflector portions 13 in the face side of the stator housing 2 .
  • the cross sections of the channels 12 or deflector portions 13 can also be circular, elliptical or rectangular. Furthermore, the deflector portions 13 do not necessarily have to be symmetrical.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
US14/505,201 2012-04-03 2014-10-02 Electric machine stator cooling system Active 2033-12-25 US9768669B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012205404A DE102012205404A1 (de) 2012-04-03 2012-04-03 Elektrische Maschine
DE102012205404 2012-04-03
DE102012205404.9 2012-04-03
PCT/EP2013/055890 WO2013149841A2 (de) 2012-04-03 2013-03-21 Elektrische maschine

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/055890 Continuation WO2013149841A2 (de) 2012-04-03 2013-03-21 Elektrische maschine

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US20150015096A1 US20150015096A1 (en) 2015-01-15
US9768669B2 true US9768669B2 (en) 2017-09-19

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US14/505,201 Active 2033-12-25 US9768669B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2014-10-02 Electric machine stator cooling system

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US (1) US9768669B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2834906B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104769817B (zh)
DE (1) DE102012205404A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013149841A2 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170033641A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2017-02-02 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Rotating electric machine

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KR102575713B1 (ko) * 2017-12-04 2023-09-07 현대자동차주식회사 모터 냉각구조
DE102018127665A1 (de) 2018-11-06 2020-05-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kühlvorrichtung für eine elektrische Antriebseinheit eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs, Antriebseinheit sowie Kraftfahrzeug
JP7088033B2 (ja) * 2019-01-08 2022-06-21 株式会社デンソー 回転電機
DE102019108436B4 (de) * 2019-04-01 2021-07-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kühlvorrichtung für einen Stator einer elektrischen Maschine, elektrische Maschine sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102019205762A1 (de) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektrische Maschine mit Drehmomentabstützung im Gehäuse
DE102019133548A1 (de) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-10 Valeo Siemens Eautomotive Germany Gmbh Statorgehäuse für eine elektrische Maschine, elektrische Maschine für ein Fahrzeug und Fahrzeug
DE102020208488A1 (de) 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Fluidkühlanordnung und elektrische Maschine mit einer Fluidkühlanordnung
DE102021111826A1 (de) 2021-05-06 2022-11-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kühlkörperteil für einen Kühlkörper einer elektrischen Antriebseinheit mit tropfenförmigen Pins, Kühlkörper, elektrische Antriebseinheit sowie Kraftfahrzeug

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DE19757605A1 (de) 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Siemens Ag Elektromotor mit Kühlung
US6179342B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2001-01-30 Hsin-Der Shen Bend conduit having low pressure loss coefficient
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US6909210B1 (en) 2004-02-06 2005-06-21 Emerson Electric Co. Cooling system for dynamoelectric machine
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DE102007035271A1 (de) 2007-07-27 2009-01-29 Continental Automotive Gmbh Elektromotor
EP2110931A2 (en) 2008-04-18 2009-10-21 ABB Oy Cooling element for an electrical machine
US20100001597A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2010-01-07 Michael Noll Electric Motor
US20100007227A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2010-01-14 Smith Mark C Cooling jacket for drive motor
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DE19757605A1 (de) 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Siemens Ag Elektromotor mit Kühlung
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170033641A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2017-02-02 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Rotating electric machine
US10298086B2 (en) * 2014-03-12 2019-05-21 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Rotating electric machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150015096A1 (en) 2015-01-15
DE102012205404A1 (de) 2013-10-10
CN104769817B (zh) 2018-07-10
WO2013149841A2 (de) 2013-10-10
EP2834906A2 (de) 2015-02-11
WO2013149841A3 (de) 2015-01-08
CN104769817A (zh) 2015-07-08
EP2834906B1 (de) 2018-02-28

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