US973929A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

G. BNGIsoH.

l 'TUBBINR s APPLICATION FILED IAB.. 7, 1910.

Pnaoct. v25, 1910.

2 SHEETS- SHEET 1.

- Figi G. ENG'ISGH.

TUBBINB. APPLIUTION FILED M AB. 7, i910.

:Famed 0011.25, 1910.

2 SHEETS-annu..

GUs'rAv ENGIscH, or BERLIN, GERMANY.V

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

Application filed March 7, 1910. Serial No. 547,845.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUsTAv ENGIsoH, a subject of the German Emperor, and resident of Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to a reversible turbine of that kind wherein channels, which are helicoidally or obliquely directed with reference to the longitudinal direction, cross themselves in the distributing body and in the rotor and which are driven by a liquid or gaseous driving fluid.

The essential feature of this turbine consists in that the channels inthe distributing body and in the rotor, instead of being extended right from one side to the other of the said bodies, are all stopped in the same annular plane, while fromthe same annular plane start new channels in the same direction as the other ones in such a manner that the extreme points of the first named rows of channels do not register with the starting points of the beginning rows of channels, but are shifted to each other in the same annular plane. It is possible in this manner to provide behind each other any desired number of rows of channels, the last rows of channels opening out at the end of the body. The annular plane, in which the channels of one row open out, or wherefrom starts a new row of channels, may be covered in the rotor by a tightening ring provided with holes in which the channels open out or from which they start.

The ends of the rotor and distributing bodies are covered by rotary slides provided with openings 7c adapted to register alternately with the rotor channels and the distributing channels, and which may be controlled, for the purpose of reversing the engine, by means of levers 0. The relative positions of said openings is such that whenever the intake ports at one end of the rotor are open, those at the opposite end are closed, and that the exhaust ports are closed at the end in which the intake ports are open, whereby the driving fluid is caused to act rst in the rst set of rotor and distributing channels and thereafter flows through the following set. Owing to this arrangement, the driving medium is very favorably utilized and a slowly rotating turbine is obtained.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a longitudinal section of a turbine provided with two sets of distributing and rotor channels. Fig. 2 is an end elevation view of the distributing body and the rotor; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the distributing body of the turbine shown by Fig. 1. Fig. 4t is a longitudinal section of a turbine provided with four sets of distributing and rotor channels.

'Ihe turbine compris-es the distributing body and the drum a, which is rigidly secured to the shaft b being connected therewith at each end by means of a cone shaped connecting member c. Provided on the periphery of the drum are channels Z having any desired section and any desired curvature. These channels instead of being extended rightY over the entire drum a only extend in the construction shown by Fig. 1 to the middle of the drum and in the construction shown by Fig. l only up to the fourth part thereof, while from the same annular plane in which end the channels of the first set, the channels Z of the next set begin, the two sets of channels being angularly shifted with reference to each other. The distributing body (cylindrical casing l) is also yprovided with a plurality of wound channels p which are also shifted with reference to each other and start from the saine annular plane, these channels being oppositely directed to the channels d of the drum a. The number and length of the channels may be chosen at will.

As shown by the figures of the drawings a tightening ring e has been provided about the rotor channels Z so that these channels open out in holes f of this tightening ring. The tightening ring e is lixed on rotor a and rotates within the casing Z. The openings f extend through the ring c. The ring c has for its object to prevent the direct passage of steam, or other actuating fluid from one side of the rotor to the other side. Consequently ring e must be applied tightly within the casing Z. The steam enters the channels 29 within the turbine casing Z, and penetrates through the rotor channels d, which are disposed obliquely relatively to the channels p. Channels Z as seen from the drawings, extend under the ring e. where they open into apertures f of the ring e, whence the steam flows against casing wall Z; and, the rotor being in motion, it enters the succeeding channel p of casing lZ, owing to the extremities of channels p being located above the apertures f of the tightening ring e which turns with rotor a. From channels y), steam passes into channel (l of the corresponding rotor side and escapes laterally from the latter. Thus a direct communication between the different channels does not exist. rlhe apertures f of the tightening ring e passing, when the rotor turns, over the extremities of channels p and the steam being able to enter the latter whereby the repulsive action of steam is made use of in a very important measure.

The driving medium for instance steam is admitted from a reversible admitting place c either from the right or from the left through the channel it to the drum a. Provided between the drum and the cylindrical casing Z is a slide z' which is provided with passagers 7c corresponding to the section of the distributing channels or of the rotor channels, this slide z' being connected by means of guide rods m with a ring n. The latter is rotatably mounted on shaft Z) and may be adjusted by means of the lever 0. The slide z' is always adjusted in such a manner that on the side where the steam is admitted, the passages la always leave free the distributing channels while on that side where the driving medium escapes the passages q always leave the rotor channels free.

The construction shown by Fig. 4: only differs from that shown by Fig. l in that the driving medimn instead of passing through two sets of channels must pass through four sets of same.

Any desired number of sets of channels may be arranged behind each other.

lThe function of the turbine is as follows: The driving medium entering the turbine casing through the passages it after having passed through the suitably adjusted valve o, arrives in the annular space e, passes through the openings 7c into the distributing channels 79 and thereafter acts upon the rotor channels (Z of the drum a whereby thc latter is rotated. The driving medium escaping from the rotor channels d enters through the openings f of the tightening ring c into the distributing and rotor channels of the other side or of the other set. The driving medium may then escape at the ends of the set of channels (Z through the openings (I of the slide i and through the valve w which has been adjusted accordingly. To reverse the direction of the rotor, it is only necessary to properly adjust the intake and exhaust ports by means of the levers 0, and to reverse the flow of steam through the three-way valve r.

Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is r* 1. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality of helicoidally arranged crossing channels provided in the said distributing body and rotor in such a manner that they do not extend over the entire length of the distributing body and rotor but are all stopped at an annular plane, another set of similar channels beginning in the same annular plane at other points than those where the first set opens out, the channels of the last set opening out at the ends of the distributing body and of the rotor body, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. n a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality of crossing channels obliquely arranged with reference to the longitudinal direction of the turbine and provided in the said distributing body and rotor in such a manner that they do not extend over the entire length of the said distributing body and rotor but are stopped all at an annular plane, another set of 'similar channels beginning in the same annular plane at other points than those where the first set opens out, the channels of the last set opening out at the ends of the said distributing body and rotor, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality of crossing helicoidally or obliquely arranged channels provided in the said distributing body and rotor, and opening out in one annular' plane, another similar set of channels beginning in the same plane, a tightening ring surrounding said annular plane of the rotor and having openings wherein open out the channels of one set and openings wherefrom start channels of the next set, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4t. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality of sets of crossing channels helicoidally or obliquely arranged in the distributing body and the rotor, the channels of the first set ending in one annular plane and those of the following set starting from the same annular plane but at other places thereof, the first set of channels beginning at one end of the distributing and rotor body while the last set opens out at the other side of the said distributing and rotorbodies, means for covering on the inlet side of the driving medium the channels of the rotor and on the escape side the channels of said distributing body, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality of sets of crossing channels provided obliquely or helicoidally in the said distributing body and rotor the channels of one set opening out in one annular plane and the channels of the next set beginning in the same annular plane but atI other places distributing body at the escape side and 10 means for actuating said slides, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two Witnesses.

GUSTAV ENGISCH.

thereof, a rotary slide arranged in front of the admission end and another in front of the escape end of said distributing body and rotor, both slides being provided with openings corresponding to the channels of the said distributing body and rotor and being adapted to respectively cover the channels of lVitnesses: the rotor at the inlet side of the driving WOLDEMAR HAUPT,

HENRY HASPER.

medium and to cover the channels of the f

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