US731009A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 16, 1903. G. ZAHIKJANZ.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED s111119, 1002.

4 SHEETS-#HEBT L N0 MODEL.

1H: Nonms Pneus co. now-umn.. wAsmNaTau. D. c.

PATBNTED JUNE 16, 1903.

G. ZAHIKJANZ.

TURBINE.

APP'LIOATION FILED sBP'r. 9, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 731,009. PATBNTED JUNE 16, 1903.

G. ZAHIKJANZ. 1

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. o, 1902.

No Manni.. 4 SHEETS-SHEET s.

2f-zj 17. y Fig. E.

PATENTED JUNE 16, 1903.

G. ZAHIKJ ANZ.

TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 9. 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No MODEL.

Norvenooe.

atentedidune 16, 1903.

UNITED STATES.` PATENT OFFICE.

GABRIEL zAr-IIKJANZ, on BERLIN, GERMANY, AssIeNoR To BERGMANN ELEKTRIcITTs WERKE, AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, onY BERLIN, GER- MANY, A CORPORATION.

v'fumeuse SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettefsliratent Ndsn'ooaua'ta June 1e, 1903.

Application flied september 9,1902. serai No. 122,675. (No modem To all whom, t may concern;v

Be it known thatI, GABRIEL ZAHIKJANZ, a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing in the city of Berlin, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful-Improvements in Turbines, of which the followingis a specification.

`My invention relates to turbines intended to be driven by steam, gases, vapors, or liquid under pressure, and has for its object to proi vide a construction enabling me to decrease the rotary speed, to better utilize the driving energy, and to reduce the size of the machine.

The invention will be fully described hereinafter and the features of novelty pointed out in the appended claims. 4

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure l is an axial section of the singlesystem form of my improved turbine. Fig. 2 is a side view thereof with parts in section. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the ilow of the steam or other driving medium. Fig.4 is an axial section of the double-system form of my invention. Fig: 5 is a side view there` of with parts in section. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the course of the driving medium. Fig. 47 is an axial section of the radial form of my invention. .Fig..8 is the corresponding diagram. Figi) is an axial section of the series system of` my turbine. the corresponding diagram, and Figs. ll and 2 illustrate an arrangement by means of which the two systems'of channelsin a doni ble-system yturbine maybe connected in par-V Y pressure, and flows out of its other orifice into allel or series.

My turbine, as all turbines, consists of two parts, one of which rotates, while the other is stationary or may also be arranged to rotate. In the examples illustrated by the drawings it has been assumed that only one part ofthe turbine rotates.

In Figsgl, 2, and 3, a indicates the stationary member or guide-casing ofthe turbine, and b the rotary member orw motor-wheel. c is the first guide channelorinlet. This channel ends at an acutaangle to the periphery of the wheel a-nd is adapted to discharge the steam into a U -shaped rotary channel d, which has its curvaturein the direction the nels.

Fig. l0 is wheel is to rotate and both its ends at 'an acute angle'to rthe periphery of the Wheel, and when one end of a channel d coincides with the end of the first guide-channel c the other end ofthe channel d coincides with one end of the second guide-channel e. This is likewise Uishaped andcoin'cides at its other extremity with one extremity of the following rotary channel, and so on. Thus a system of tubular windings is formed consisting each of a guide-channel and a rotary channel and having all their respective inlets in one circle and the outlets in another circle. It willbe observed, particularly with reference to Figs. 2 and 5, that the distance between'the ends of a channel d in the memvber b' is smaller than the distance between the ends of a channel e in the other member a. Thus when the outlet end of a channel d registers with the inlet end of a channel e the outlet end of said channel e registers with the inlet end of the next succeeding channel d, and thus the driving medium may pass successively'th'rough the several chan- The mode of operation of this turbine is-as follows: The steam or any other medium under pressure enters'through the inlet o into the coinciding orifice of the rotary channel traverses its curvature while exerting in the direction of rotation a certain pressure owing to its relative velocity, and flows out of the other orifice of the rotary .channel into the coinciding orifice of the guide-channele, in ,which the medium restoresjits loss of velocity from the available the coincidingorifIce of another rotary channel, and so goes on circulating throughout the Whole periphery of the turbine and escapes through the last guide channel or outlet f. Thus the driving agent is compelled to go a path in the nature of a coil or spiral tube, whereby its wholepressureis gradually transformed into kinetic energy 'andthe lat-- ter gradually utilized as motive power in the rotary channels.

The turbine above described having only a single system of windings may conveniently Vbe called a single-system turbine. Now by providing a turbine with two or more such systems of windings I form a two or multiple systemturbine, wherein the systems may be connected in parallel or in series. Thus Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show a double-system turbine in which the two systems, as shown by the diagram, are connected in series. The steam after flowing through one system of channels c cl e f passes over into the inlet g of the other system g d' e h and passes out at the exhaust h. The channels of thesecond system may be made wider than those of the first system in accordance with the expansion' to obtain compound action, or instead of one system with wide channels two or more systems with narrow channels may be used in parallel.

Figs. 7 and 8 show theradial disposition of my multiple-system turbine, the systems being arrangedv concentrically on eachl side of the turbine and on either side connected in series, as shown by the diagram Fig. 8.

In the systems above described each winding contains one pair of channelsa guide and a rotary channel. Now the windings may be made to contain each two or more pairs of channels. Thus I obtain a turbine with one or more systems of series windings. Figs. 9 and 10 show such a turbine with two systems of windings, each winding comprising two pairs ot' channels. The two systems may be connected in series or parallel.

When employing a turbine with two systems of windings, it may sometimes be advisable to have the driving agent pass through both systems in parallel, while at other times it may be desirable to cause the steam to flow through said systems successively. This may be done by means cf any suitable deviceas, for instance, by means of a cock or valve fi, Figs. 1l and 12, having a plurality of passages, which in one position, Fig. 11, will allow the steam to pass directly to both series of coils, while in the other position, Fig. 12, the steam will have direct access to one coil only and will pass to the other coil after escaping from the rst coil.

I desire it to be understood that my invention is not restricted to the particular con structions shown, but that various modifications may be made within the limits indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-Y 1. In a turbine, the combination of two members one rotatable relatively to the other, said members being formed with U-shaped channels, the distance between the orifices ot one channel being greater in one member than in the other,and said orifices being adapt= ed to register so that the Vchannels will form a spiral or coil path for the driving agent.

2. A turbine comprising two sections or members one rotatable relatively to the'other and each provided around its entire periphery with channels adapted to register with each other and forming together a spiral passage or coil in the nature of a complete ring surrounding the turbine-axis.

3. A turbine with two or more systems of tubular windings, each winding comprising one guide and one rotary channel, the systems forming independent spiral paths for the driving medium and being connected with each other.

4. A turbine with two or more systems of spiral channels,forming spiral tubular paths, the channels of one path being wider than those of another.

5. A turbine comprising two sections or members one rotatable relatively to the other .and each provided with-a series of channels,

the inlet and the outlet of the same channel being located not only'in diierent radial planes but in different transverse planes,rela tively to the axis of rotation, the channels of the two members being adapted to register with each other and to form together a spiral passage or coil.

6. In combination with a multiple-system turbine having a plurality ot' spiral paths for the driving agent, a controlling-valve which in one position connects the said paths in series, and in another position connects them in parallel.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GABRIEL ZAHIKJANZ.

Witnesses: l

HENRY HAsPnR, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

Images