US972908A

US972908A - Fluid-pressure turbine.

Info

Publication number: US972908A
Application number: US53374709A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles Algernon Parsons
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1909-12-18
Filing date: 1909-12-18
Publication date: 1910-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 1927-10-18

Description

G. A. PARSONS. FLUID PRESSURETURBINE. APPLICATION FILED 1330.18, 1909 Patented Oct. 18,1910.

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0. A. PARSONS. FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18, 1909.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

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in a number of segmental jets formed .by' radially restricting the space between the which blades are adapted to convey the.

" TED STATES PTENT O T cHAnLEs ALGERNON PARSONS, or, NEwcAsfrLE-Uron-Tirnn ENGLAND.-

Specification of Letters iatent. Application filed December 18, 1909. Serial No.- 533 ,747.

rnuin-rnnssunn TURBINE.

' Patented-0011.18, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ALGERNON.

PARSONS, a Subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Heaton Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,- in the county of Northumberland, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Re:

lating to. Fluid-Pressure Turbines, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to turbines of the type in which the working fluid is expanded turbine rotor and easing at intervals along the length of the .turbine, the kinetic energy. of the fluid being subsequently absorbed in moving blades carried by the rotor and placed between adjacent sets of restrictions. The invention consists in providingin a turbine of the above type a plurality ofguide blades placed in said restrictions,

steam in an axial direction while'imparting velocity to it, the steam being then given circumferential direction without substantial change of velocity before delivery toblading of the velocity absorption typewhereby the energy of the steam is abstracted.

It is desirable that the space between the rotating and fixed member shall be restricted 1 on about the mean diameter of the space to form such an annular jet or such segmental jets at several intervals in the length so as to divide the turbine into a series offpr'essure stages each stage having one or more rows of guide audrotating blades upon which the steam from the preceding restriction impinges. In order to obtain the best results the number of rows of blades per stage should be small; The restriction is made such that thewidth of the jet delivered by it is less than the height of the blades following said restriction by which means very little or no clearance losses can occur.

' Inthe accompanying drawings whic illustrate diagrammatically. several" ways of carrying out the invention. Figures 1 and 2 are part elevation and plan respectively of one arrangement of the restrictions and guide blades in a turbine. according to the presentinvention. Figs; 3 and 4 are views ofia similar turbine in which the. working fluid after -passingguides in the barrier flows through two rin of rotating blades with a row ofguide lades between, them. Figs. 5 and 6 are views correspond-.

ing to- Figs. 3 and 4 showing a slightly modified configuration ofbarrier, and with the height of the blades increasing gradually through each stage.

In carrying the invention: into efiect according to the construction shown diagrammatically in the above figures a series of annular restrictions, (1, a, (2 are provided in the turbine, Each restriction may be formed by a barrier strip, 03, secured to the which may consist' of fixed and moving blades, this action being repeated 'as many timesasdesired through the turbine.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the first row of guide blades 6 have their leading edges extending through the annular jet, theguide blades, b, being formed with extensions, h,

passing through the barrierbut formed with a clearance space at y, in order to avoid undue resistance the front. edges of the blades cutting the fluid issuing from the vbarrier. The extensions, k, may be formed with sharpened or narrowed leading edges, is, as shown at the barriers, a and a in the plan view otFig. 2. It will be understood of course that the arrangements of theblades, although only a. single row of rotating blades, 0, is shown, when the guides extend through the barrier may .be of any convenient'numberand character. For example more than two rows of blades may be placed abaft the annular jet restrictions the first row being rotating blades of the Parsons type then a row of crescent shaped blading which directs the fluid into another row ofinoving blades of crescent form.

strips, the portions, it,

If the. form of the barrier strips is such that the desired expansion of the steam is not. effected until the steam has passed nearly to the right hand side of'the barrier some cases however, the barrier may be first part of t of the barrier; The

formed so that the full expansion for the chosen difference of pressure between the pressure on the left of the barrier and that on the right thereof shall take place in the he barrier and that no expansion shall occur in the remaining part of it. The guide blades are secured to the barrier strip, (Z, the parts of the blades in the expansion part of the barrier or jet bein formed parallel or substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, the curved guiding portion of the blade being in the remaining part of the barrier. The free ends of; these guide blades are formed to follow with the usual clearance the curved contour of the rotating barrier strip. By this means loss by spilling is further reduced. Two forms of turbine in which this formation is adopted areshown in Figs. 3-6. I

In Figs. 3 and 4 the desired nozzle formation is obtained mainly by the curvature of the rotating part of Figs. 5 and 6by the curvature of both arts of the whole width of the fixed barrier part extend close to the opposite rotating part of the barrier. The parts of the u-ide blades to the left of a line BB in ig. 4 (which marks approximately the part of the jet where expansion for the chosen pressure drop is complete) are formedv so that the mean direction of the fluid is kept in a straight path but the parts to the right of that line where the pressure, cross section and velocity are approximately constantare much more curved or bent to guidethe fluid 1n the proper direction for the working blades 0. As the'ends of the blades follow the curvature of the rotating part of the barrier any fluid that may spill from one blade at the clearance space over the barrier part, f, is caught by the next blade and properly directed. The ends of theblades should correspond as closely as possible to the contour of the barrier, only the usual working clearances being rovided.

It is intended that in a forms the height of the blades shall be greater than the width of the jet delivered by the restriction, and to allow for the widenin of the jet after leaving the barrier, the height of the blades may be gradually increased through each stage as shown in Fig. 5.

of the guide blades,

the barrier; or as in guide blades whic, Q are It will be obvious that the invention may be embodied in many forms; inall forms the ressure drop is confined mainly or wholly to the annular openings or barriers between the fixed and moving members of the turbine, and the annular or segmental openings are on a circle of ap roximately the mean diameter of the space between the rotor and casing.

When the jets are of segmental form the part of the circumference between the jet is occupied by suitable battles.

If the turbine be of the single flow type the usual dummy piston but if bines with working fluid flowingin o posite' directions practically no leakage Wlll occur, because the dummies may be dispensed with, V It is obvious that in the above described arrangements'the functions of the cylinder and s indle blading are generally speaking interchangeable.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A turbine having fixed and rotating "parts, the'space between which is restricted radially to form 'ets at intervals along-the len h of the tur inc and. guide blades exten ing through said restrictions.

'2. A turbine having fixed and rotating parts, the space between which is restricted radially to form jets at a plurality ofintervals along the length of the turbine and guide blades extending through said restrictions, these guide blades giving a circumleakage will occur it be constructed with two equal tur-- ferential direction to the working fluid after I having been expanded in saidi'restrictions. v 3. A turbine having fixed and rotating parts the space between which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along the length .of the y one of said parts whereby the steamis expanded in flowing axially through said restrictions and is then tial direction by said b ades.

4. A turbine having in combination fixed and movin parts, the space between which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along, the length of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried by one of said parts, said blades being arran ed to convey the workingfluid axially uring expansion of the same and then acting to give a circumferential direction thereto, and means carried by said turbine parts for abiven a circumferenturbine and guide blades placed within said restrictions and carried sorbing the velocity of theworking fluid.

thus generated when passing through said restrictions.

5.- A turbine having in combination fixed and movin parts, the space between which is r'estricte radiallyvto form jetsat intervals along the length of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried by one of said parts, said blades being arranged to convey the working fluid axially during expansion of the same and then acting to give a circumferential direction thereto, and means carried by said turbine parts for absorbing the velocity of the working fluid thus generated when passing through said working fluid axially during expansion ofthe same and then acting to given circuin ferential direction thereto, alternating rows of rotating and guide-blades following said restrictions whereby the velocity of the fluid generated in passingthrough said restrictions is absorbed.

7. A turbine having in combination fixed and moving parts, the space between which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guide blades in said restriction carried by one of said parts, said blades being arranged to convey the working fluid axially during expansion of the same and then acting to give a circumferential direction thereto, alternating rows of rotating and guide blades following said restrictions whereby the velocity of the fluid generated in passing through said restrictions is absorbed, said blades giving a gradually enlarging cross sectional area for the passage of the working fluid between adjacentrestrictions.

8. A turbine having fixed and moving parts, the space between which is restricted radially to form jets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guide blades placed in said restriction and carried by the fixed turbine part, alternate rows of moving and fixedblades following said restriction so that velocity is imparted to the moving turbine part.

9. A turbine having fixed and moving parts. the space between which is restricted radially to form jetsat intervals along the length of the turbine, guide blades placed in said restriction and carried by the fixed turbine part, alternate rows ofmoving and fixed blades following said restriction so that velocity is imparted to the moving turbine-part, said fluid and moving blades giving a gradually increasing cross sectional area for the passage of fluid between the adjacent restrictions.

10. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, a casing and rotor moving therein, the

space between the rotor and easing being restricted radially so as vto form ets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guiding means placed within said restriction and imparting angular direction to the working fluid only after it has been expanded in said restrictions and means intermediate between said restrictions for absorbing the velocity of the expanded fluid.

p 11. In combination inan elastic fluid turbine a casing and a rotor moving therein, the space between the rotor and casing being restricted radially so as to form jets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guiding means placed within said restriction and imparting angular direction to the working fluid and means intermediate between said restrictions for absorbing the velocity of the expanded fluid, said means giving a gradually increasing cross sectional area for the passage of the working fluid.

12. A turbine having moving and fixed parts the space between which is radiallyv restricted to form. jets at intervals along the length of the turbine, guide blades carried by the fixed turbine part and extending within said restrictions while having the contour ofthe restriction formingpart of the moving turbine part.

13. A turbine having moving and fixed parts the space between which is radially restricted to form jets at intervals along the length of the turbine,guide blades extending through said restriction, the blades and parts forming the restrictions being formed so as to provide passages which give a circumferential direction of flow to the work ing fluid without any change of cross section in theguide blade passages following the restriction.

14. A turbine'having moving and fixed parts. a barrier strip carried by the former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbine part. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip andfollowing the contour of the moving barrier strip.

15. A turbine having moving and fixed parts, a barrier strip carried by the former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbine part. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip and following the contour of the moving barrier strip. said uide blades giving circumferential direction to the working fluid without any change in the v'elocitvthereof.

16. A turbine having moving and fixed parts, a barrier strip carried by the former and a barrier strip removablv attached to the fixed turbine part. guide blades attached to the fixed barrier strip and following the contour of the moving barrier strip. said guide blades giving circumferential direction to the working fluid without any changein the velocity thereof, two rows of In testimony whereof, I afiix my signa- Persons blades carried by the moving turture in presence of two wltnesses. bine part and a row of crescent guide blades between the two rows of moving blades CHARLES ALGERNONPARSONS. 5 whereby the Working fluid leaving said-restrictions has thevelooity which it has gen- Witnesses:

erated therein absorbed in the rotating FREDERICK GORDON HAY BEDFORD,

blades before passing to the next restriction. ALBERT WILLIAM PARR-