US2404371A - Fluid turbine - Google Patents

Description

' July 23, 1946.

A. F. c; GLASER FLUID TURBINE Filed Jan. 7,'-1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 4

WINVENTOR GE GLASER FIG. 5

ALEX F ,EDERIK GEO 9% ATTORN 5Y6 July 23, 1946. A. F. G. GLASER FLUID TURBINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 7, 1941 FIG. 7

INVENTOR= ALEX FREDERIK GEORGE GLASER -BYj MZ w% a ATTORN 5Y5 7 July 23, 1946. A. F. G. GLASER' FLUID TURBINE I INVENTOR= ALEX FREDERIK GEORGE GLAJSER BY ,m fi WORNEYS July 23,1946. 'A.-F. G. GLASER 4 FLUID TURBINE Filed Jan. 7, 1941 Sheets- Sheet 5 FIGJO Patented July 1946 UNITED STATES PATENTgOFFlCE 1 1 2.404.371 FLUID TURBINE Alex Fre derik' George Glaser, Blimbing, Java,

Netherlands East Indies; vested in the Alien Property Justodian v Application January 7, 1941, Serial No. 373,481 .In the Netherlands January 31, 1940 the one end of the; rotor to obtain the right direction and speed. The steam jets then go through the blade rim of the runner that is located behind the blade rim toleaye that runner in nearly opposite direction. .When' the steam has still sufiicient velocity or pressure, it'can go through a second rim of guide blades (nozzles) to be led into the right direction, respectively to reassume its original velocity'by. its expansion, in which way this can again be led through the blade rim of a second runner that is locatedbehind the blade rim, which runner is placed, like the first one, immovably on thesame 'axle. I n that'way a great number of guideblade's and runners can be placed behind eachother if onlythe steam containssufiicient heat contents. The' pressure against theblades of the runners cause a great coupling thatsets the axle revolving. .The functionoi the guide, blades (nozzles) is evident, the steam every time escapes from the runners in the wrong direction, approximately opposite to theirl movement and the guide blades" (nozzles) alter the wrongdirection intothe right one.

,The disadvantages which are inherentin such types are the great losse'sof pow'er caused by the friction of the steam between the guide and running blades, the collisions; against theisharp edges of the blades, .the formation9f Whirlpools and whirls, the "so-called wheel friction caused by the turning of the turbine runners' in ,the "steam, While always the'ste'arn isilowing at the exterior round the runnersgwithout exerting any energy.

According to the inventipn these I disadvantages are whollyeliminate'd, so that an, important technical effect is obtained. "j

In the accompanying ,'drawings constructions according to the invention are schematically shown, by way of'example. r V I Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a turbine according to the invention, in whichthe steam goes in two directions through the'rotor.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line AB on Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows the steam pressure and velocity diagram.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a turbine in which the rotor has been constructed in a slightly different way.

Fig. 5 show a longitudinal section of a turbine according to the invention in which the steam passes in one directionthrough the rotor.

a device fOr starting Fig. 8.

i 2 Figs. 6, 7, and 8 show other constructions of theturbine. Fig. 9 i the steam pressure and steam velocity diagram of the turbine of Fig. 8. r I

Fig. 10 shows a section on the line C--D of Fig; 11 shows an outer circumference with a broad groove.

Fig. 12 shows a construction of the turbine with three jet pipes. I I r In Fig. 1 the frame is represented by I and the rotor by 2, which consists of a cylinder or drum, shrunk round an axle 3, that rests in bearings 4, and two sleeve 8 and 9. v

The drum of the rotor 2 has a peripheral groove in the middle, which groove is indicated by'numher 5. From this groove 5 grooves'fi run leftand right across each half of the drum,respectively, bordered by a small wire 1. .These grooves 6, which run to the ends of the drum, are gradually cut deeper. From each end. of the drum the sleeves 8 and 9, respectively, extend to'the'peripheral groove 5. In this way the grooves 6 become helicoidal steam passages which" begin at of a sleeve 5 and through which the steam can escape at the f ity. This resistance i greatly increasedincurves.

In the turbine according to the invention the passages area seriesof circular curves placed behind each other. Instead'of the ,helitioidal grooves in the drum of the rotor 2,"these grooves could be cut in the sleeves} and 9, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 or both 'the'drum and sleeves 8 and 9 could be provided with helicoidal groove 6 as shown in Fig. 8. In the last case care should be taken thatby the fitting the groovesofthe drum and those of the sleeves are put exactly opposite each other, so that on each half of the drum one steam passage is formed. By the construction of steam turbines of a greater axial length a greater number of adjoining steam passages, all with a similar bearing, can be fitted instead of one steam passage on each half of the drum. In this connection for larger units more rotors could be mounted on one axle (see Fig; 8). By

' jet pipes;

the construction of two rotors on one axle the escape of steam can take place at the ends and in the center of the turbine frame. The inlet is as with the first described, in the center of each rotor. Without any objection the steam 5 could be profitably ,used in a highrpressure and then in a lo'wj-pressui e turbine.: f 1

Th co'nstriictionbould be "simplified? by the system, by making one end of the drum thicker,

tight in the turbine frame as shown at I' l (see r Fig. ,5). At the inner side of the thick part the drum has a peripheral groove i; and from groove 5 the helicoidal groove 6 begins which, asis the case with theformer, is gradually cut deeper to its end. Over the drum a sleeve is fitted t'o' groove: 5, which sleeve is immovable on the drunil-- Also this rotor, shaped in this way, should revolve steam tight in the turbine frame; The steam is let into the groove 5"by meansof one or more The exhaust steam at the? ends" of the rotor must be mutually combined ,t'o'neutralise axial differences of pressure. Alfthesemdmbiiiations are, however, variants on thefirst-described systems and'under the same'principles;

The invented turbine system offers man"','ad

' vantages: the steam can be led 'th'rollglj" converging jet pipes witha certain velocit'yi andnnder a certain pressureintothe roove 5:. the I correctly defined mutualrelationsbetween" jet pipe's', the groove 5, the length'andithe diverging positions of the steam. passages; it is possible to make the steam liirodiiceener y in the steam passages by which the steam-variety through gradualexpansion to the final-pressure can be kept-constant. See the diagramcrth'e; steam pressure and the steam velocity (Fig; 3). In this figure the. line of st'e'arh ressure is shown" by Hthat of the Velocity by l2, While line'l3'lslio'w's .7 s,

the path of the coridensator'--pre.s'sure.v Expert'- 40 ments will have to show-in which way'the grooves inithe rotor-must. bemade. to allow the .greatest possible efiic'iencyl With regardto the question of; the steam tight; revolving Of the rotor in the 5 turbine frame i't may be observed that-fthi's' can be; effected. without much difliculty the case of small turbines by, providing. the sleeves at the.

outer circumference with =broad. groove's, while in;

big v j rotors the well known so-calleiil"v .laby'rinth paokingl-B (see Figclll would be suitable.

Especially because of its simplicity such a turbine offersgreatadvantages 'by keeping theip'roductiomcosts as low;as possible. Another advantage lies-in the fact that by the construction v according to the inventioirthe steamjet" is hard- 1y. subject to anyalter-ation of the direction of theflow,-asi s the case with the known types of turbines. v

Figs 4 shows 'a-construction-similarto the other, figures, with only this difference that the sleeves 8 and 9" are bentinwardly at: their endslfl with concentric openings I for the steam exhaust: I This will; result in the steam exhaust taking another direction. Dependentonthe-admissible:friction the bendingzisrgreater or smaller.- Ifhework-ihg development can also take place by allowing the steam to expand in diverging jet pipes from the initial pressure to the final pressure. Then the steam flows with the greatest possible velocity into the groove 5 and'into the steam passages ,6, in whichemission of energy takes place till 'theivelocity oithe steam i's sufiiciently." exhausted. When the sleeves" 8 and!) are shrunk iif the right way on the drum, leakage in thesteam passages which end should be able to move freely and steaiff'lo is prevented. By making use of a greater number ofijet pipes (Fig. 12) the groove 5 can be made smaller, so that the frictional loss at the small inneriwalfof the turbine frame can be reduced tea minimumic When the steam has come in the steam passages in which it can, gradually ans: without "shbck'; release kinetic energy, the

- fb'r'cewhicl'i is accumulated in it can be, with-' out'any loss, transferred to the rotor, which result cannot be produced in any other of the known steam turbinespin which the efiiciency is considerably reduced by losses caused by steam friction against-diag ams and" tnemov'in'g blades which must be polished with gr'e'alt c'areq'The causesof' the several lossesfof 'power, have been explained already 'in'fthe' beginning of" description'. In" the'xturbine'which isr des'cnted in this application, it is mer'elyfthe" friction of the steam the" steam passages which setstherotor revolving; By allYthesepropitious-conditions it i'sjpo'ssible to build, within normal scope'rhigh speed and lowsp'ee'd' steam turbines of high efliciency. Asa' result of the limited number OfSilbparts which can be" easilyproduc'edi the rotor can be' made" very light and yet very strong" and especially cheap. Where the weight of the rotor can be keptsmallthelos's'es caused bythe lbwer frictionare. consequentlyals'o vefry's'mall; is case of defects in the bearings the rotor" is not dam:- aged, because Ofth absence of blades. WTh'erO' tbr'is' substantially iIidsti'l'lci'iible"hy llse. r

The IOtdr forms: 3} Stable alld strcngunit" s0 that-- th'ecritical number of revouiticnseanbe, even at high speed; above the working By acceleration of the revolutions; t number of revolutions is" never exceedsv as the axle does not experience urfdiie'.

In conclusibri it maybe stated that, stead. of' steam, air or liquid" is for'c'e'd velocity through the passagesthe rotorfcarifalso beset revolving.

Th turbine needs'not be restricted to the scribedconstructions", butmay be altered inrnan'y ,ways-within the scopeof'theinvention. 1

WhatIclaimis: r H z v 'In a turbinethe combination of a hollow frame provided.with-bearings and fiiiidport's; a shaft I rotatable in saidbearings; two rotors mounted upon said shaft, and havinghspiral 'cha'nn'els extending thereabout and opening 'toward'. said ports; anda .sleeve coverounted? upon each rotor and, covering. said channels, the ends of the covers adjacent the ends of the frame'bei'n bent inwardly toward-said shaft; s

ALEX reso ant GEORGE" cea es:

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