US965358A

US965358A - System of concrete construction.

Info

Publication number: US965358A
Application number: US39923507A
Authority: US
Inventors: Philip Aylett
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1907-10-26
Filing date: 1907-10-26
Publication date: 1910-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 1927-07-26

Description

l P. AYLBTT. SYSTEM OP CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLIUATIO-N FILED 00T. 2B, 1907.

965,358.. A Patented Ju1y26,.191o.

BSHEETS-SHEET l.

l wma/Joao wu c w tofl P. AYLETT. SYSTEM 0F GONQRETB CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 26, 1907.

Patented July 26, 1910.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H T .n /f O HHHHHM'.. m Hmmm' L Illllilllldllllllllllllllllllll... l I. 4 .|lu 4/ muli.. L 2.--L F# \\L ..1|l\||ll WLF/neogeo, MM

y 1). mzL'xftlL SYSTEM 0F CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLTCATION FILED v00T. 26, 1997.

Patented July ,26, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET s.

rianne AYLETT, or PORTSMOUTH, vrncnvra.

. SYSTEM F CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIN.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

ltatented July 26, lglll.

Application :tiled October 26, 1907. Serial No. l399235. I l

To all .whom t 'may concern; y

Be it known`that I,"PHiLiP. AYLi-irr, a citizen of the United States, residing at Portsmouth, in the county of Norfolk and Statev of Virginia, having invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems ofv Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification.

Numerous methods, some more or less.

satisfactory, have been employed by engineers in the erection of concrete structures. For certain purposes, however, all the systems of construction with which I am familiar possess disadvantages which militate very strongly against their success. For example, a system which is convenient and otherwise satisfactory yt'or erecting small 'structures may become extremely complicated and costly when applied to structures ofv greater magnitude, so that the usual econlomy of concrete construction may be greatly reduced, if not entirely eliminated. An instance of this -kind is the erection of concrete arches, for bridges and other purposes. With small arches the false Work necessary to support the unfinished arch may be simple Aand inexpensive, but for an arch `of long s an sa a hundred and -ift or two hun- P a Y Y dred feet in length and ot corresponding height, the falsework is, as will be readily seen, extremely complicated, and is expensive not only in materials employed but also in the labor and time involved in erection. In fact, the cost of the temporary support increases out of all proportion to the increase in size of the structure to be erected thereon.

I have therefore been led to devise my present invention, which has for its chief object, to provide a system of-construction of the simplest character and of low cost,

by which concrete structures of any size can ,be erected with marked economy.

' A Briefly stated, the essential feature of my lane, or at any angle'to the horizontal, or" inthe form of an arch of any desired curvature, merelyv by lengthening 'or shortening,

Aas the case may require, the rods orequinaeA lent devices which support the same on the cable or cables. A

I o those skilled in the art it will be apparent from the above that the invention can be used in the erection of structures of widely different kinds.

` In the annexed drawings I have shown the invention employed in the construction of a concrete arch, using a bridge arch as an example.

Referring now to the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation, somewhat diagrammatic in character, of an application of my invention to the construction of an arched bridge. Fig. 2 is a detail view in side elevationof a section ofthe temporary supporting structure or centering. Fig. 3 is` a det-ail plan view of Fig. 2. "Fig 4 is a detail cross section on line IV-IV of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a 'detail`view, partly in section, of the preferred type o hinge or pivot joint between supporting sections. Fig.' 6 is a detail view of another form of hinge joint. Fig. 7 is a detail side elevation illustrating a convenient method of keyingtogether the sections of the arch, and'Fig. S-is a sectional plan View of the same. Fig. 9 is a sectional plan view showing an arrangement of molds for forming a cross member between concrete arches. Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the completed bridge, taken at or near the center of the spanl. Fig. 1l is a side view of a portion of a so-called hinged arch, a type orn arch which may be constructed by means of my system.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the cables, one of which is indicated at l, are hung from suitable elevated supports, such as the towers, 2, 3, located preferably at or near the

abutments

4, 5 of the arch or other structure which is to be erected. The cables are anchored in any convenient. and suitable manner, not shown. Depending from the cables are the hangers 6, carrying cross members which .f

in turn carry the longitudinal supports 7. The latter are hinged to Veach other at the cross members, so that by lengthening or shortening the han e'rs 6 the series of supports 7 can be ma e to assume any desired curvature, according to the arch which is to be erected. In practice the lengths ofthe hangersv are preferablydetermined in .ad- Vance, so that when 'the'cables and. flexible centering are: in place the latter will have ,the desired curvature; but to permit adgust- A nal supports.

ment at any time the hangers may be provided with turnbuckles, 8, or equivalent means, whereby they may be radily let out or taken up as desired, so as to correct the curvature of the centering whenever necessary. Hanging from the ends o'f the hinged sections is a row of targets 9, on cords of such lengths, easily determined in advance by calculation, that' when the .curvature of the flexible centering is correct the targets will all be at the same level. Thus, under the direction of an engineer with an instrument on the bank of the stream, the sag of the cables and the lengths of the hangers can be varied until. the targets are all at the same level, whereupon it is known that the centering is in -proper form.

The cross members carried by the `hangers 6 consist preferably of a pair of angle irons 10, fastened together with their flanges uppermost and with the hangers extending between them at the ends, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 5. At the ends of the cross members are bearing blocks 1l, securely fastened to theflanges of the angle irons, affording bearings for the pivots l2 of the longitudi- The latter consist of a pair of side members 13, across which is a suitable number of joists 14, and above the latter a flooring 15- if desired,- -see Fig. 4. Each side member consists of a pair of cha-nnel irons securely fastened by bolts, or otherwise, to a filling member 16. Since the channel irons are preferably straight, the fillers 16 have their upper edges curved to the arcs of which their respective channel irons are chords, thereby making t-he complete centering conform to the curvature of the arch which is to be erected. By substituting differently curved fillers, and altering the lengths'of the hangers 6, as pre viously mentioned, any curvature of arch may be provided for. The fillers terminate short of the ends of the side members, and in alternate sections the projecting ends of the channel irons constitute gussets, to receive filling blocks 17, fastened between the channel irons of the adjacent sections. The pivots 12 extend through the gnssets and filling blocks. The pivot bearings in the gussets (and in the adjacent section also) may, if desired, bc formed by upwardly extending s'lots, as shown at 18, Fig. G, so that theI sections can be assembled merely dropping them in place on the pivots. This figure alsoshows side members formed by single elements, for example simple wooden beams 19, one of which has gussets 2O secured to it.

As previously stated, the longitudinal seetions are preferably constructed and arranged as above described, but it is to be understood that numerous other constructions and arrangements can be employed Vwith satisfactory results. The scheme seone/or more molds 21in whichmay be cast the corresponding sections of the arch, the

vvnumber of moldson each centering section being determined by the width of thelatter, the number of arches to be constructed, the distance between the same, etc. The molds are shorter than the supporting sections, as shown in Figs. l and `7, and extending through the vmolds lengthwise, into the spaces between the same, are reinforcing bars 22, of suitablenumber and character. Similar bars extend fromthe abutments into the spaces between the same andthe adja'.- cent arch molds. Themolds being in place, they are now lled with concrete. Of course the molds may be filled in any order, but to keep the arch well balanced and minimize the tendency to distortionthe center mold or molds should be filled first; next the end molds are filled simultaneously; then the molds midway between the center and the ends, and so on until all are filled. W hen the concrete has set, the ends of the molds are broken out or otherwise removed and the spaces between sections inclosed in any convenient and suitable manner, 'as by means of bottom pieces 23 and sidepieces 21, Figs. and S. The key-molds thus formed are now filled with concrete, embedding the overlapping reinforcements and keying the arch sections together. XVhere two or more arches are constructed side by side, as in Fig. 10, they may be connected by cross beams, as shown at 25, cast in molds l extending between thearch molds at suitable points. Such a cross mold is shown at 26, Fig. 9, and, as will be seen, is in communication with its arch molds, so that the three can be cast integral with each other. teinforcing bars 27 may be provided, extending through the cross molds into the adjoining arch molds. The arch beams being now completed, the cables and centering are taken down and the roadway, of any desired kind, is constructed on the-arches.

In Fig. 10, which shows a railway bridge, the track is laid on a bed 28 of reinforced concrete.

One or more of the spaces between the arch sections can be readilyutilized for the construction of so-called hinged arches. Thus, instead of filling all the spaces with concrete,'one, two,or more as may be desired, may have hinges, say of the type shown in Fig. 11. As shown in this figure, the

hinge members 29 are provided with 'dowels A ceases bedded therein in the 4operation of casting the latter. i,

To tliose skilled in the art itlWill be apparent that the system above described proyides an exceedingly inexpensive method of construction.' The temporary structure, consisting .ofthe cables and flexible i'loor or centering, is notonly inexpensive in itself but being adaptable to Widely Varying conditions, merely by adding or omitting sec tions and by Varying the lengtlis oi the hangers, is capable of repeated use, thus still further reducing the cost of erecting concrete structures, Furthermore, less labor' is required, botli in the erection of the centering and in the construction ot the concrete Worlr, than in any system With which I am familiar.

Other advantages might be mentioned, but those referred to are sufcientto show the marked .d nity of the invention.

As previously stated, the embodiment leci-in specifically illustratedand describedis merely the preferred Way of carrying .out the invention and may be modified Widely Without departing from the spirit of the invention, which I believe to be defined by the following claims.

1. 1n a system ot concrete construction, the combination oflsupports arranged on opposite sides of a space to be spanned by a concrete structure; cables mounted on said supports and extending across the space to be spanned by the concrete structure; a centering comprising a plurality of flexibly jointed sections; and means Vfor supporting 'the centering on thecables.

2. In a system of concrete construction, the combination of supporting cables 'arranged over a space to be spanned, a centering comprising a plurality of flexibly jointed sections, and hangers suspending the said sections from the cables.

3. In a system ofconcr'ete construction, the combination of supporting cables arranged over a space to be spanned, a centerend, carried on the cross. supports.

ing comprising a plurality of i'lexibly joint- -ed sections, and hangers, adjustable in length, suspending the said sections from the cables.

l lfln a 'system of concrete construction, the -combination of supporting cable's arvranged over a space to be spanned, hangers depending romthe cables, cross supports carried by the hangers and a series of longitudinal supports, tlexibly jointed .end to ln a system of concrete construction, the combination otelevate'd supportsU yar-v ranged on opposite sides of a space to be spanned by .a concrete structure; cables mounted on said supports and extending acrosstlie space to be spanned by. the concrete structure', a centering'composed of a plurality er sexibiy jointed Sections; and

means 4 itor suspending the saidV `centering from the cables.

6. In a system of concrete constructiom.

the combination of a series of ysupporting sections liexibly jointed end to end to constitute a centering voft variable form, means comprising cables extending over the centen ing and hangers depending Jfrom the cables and connectedl to the centering sections at the ends thereof.

7. In' a system of concrete construction, the combination with a plurality of sections arranged end to end, to constitute a centering; of a plurality of transverse supports,

located at the adjoining ends of the said centering sections; means carried by the transverse supports for pivotally connecting the centering sections; and means connected with the transverse supports for supporting the structure over a space to be spanned.

8. In a system of concrete constructioi'i, the combination of a series of supporting Sections flexibly jointed end toend, means ttor suspending-the series of sections as a centering over a space to be spanned and in predetermined form, and aseries of molds on the 4said supporting members, arranged in alinement but spaced apart at their ends.

9.' In a system of concrete construction, the combination of a plurality of centering sections liexibly jointedtogether, molds on the said sections, spacedapart at their ends,

,reinforcing bars extending from the ends of the molds into the spaces between the same, and means for molding concretekeys in the i said spaces.

10. In a system of concrete construction, the combination of a centering,l a series 'of spaced molds for casting sections oit a concrete structure on the centering, .reinforcing bars extending through the respective molds the combination of a centering, a series of.

spaced molds for casting sections oa concrete structure thereon, and molds for casting keys between the structural sections.

- 12. In a system of concrete construction,

'the combination of centering, a series of spaced sections of a concrete struct-ure on the centering, and molds inclosing the spaces between lthe sections for casting keys between the saine. l

13. ln an apparatus :tor erecting structurall elements by arranging sections of the elements in the positions which they are to occupy in the finished structure and subsequentlylreyiiig the sections together, in 'comsoV assess bination, supporting cables extending across the space to be s a-nned by the structural element, means or suspending from the cables the sections of the element in pivotal .relation to each other end to end, and adjusting devices associated with said means for effecting pivotal adjustment of the Sec` tions relative to each other to bring the same into desired alinement before keying them together.

let. In an apparatus for erecting structural elements by arranging sections of the elements in the positions W'liich they are to occupy 1n the inished structure and subsequently keying the sections together, in com-4 bination, supporting cables extending across the space to be spanned by the structural e1ei ers to eti-'ect pivotal adjustment-of the se'c-f tions relative to each other to bring the same into desired alinement before keying them together.

l5. In an apparatus for yerecting structural elements by arrangin sections of the elements in the positions W ich they are to occupy in the nished structure and subsequently keyinr the sections together, in combination, cables extending across the space to be spanned by the structural element, supports for the sections of the structural element suspended from the cables and pivotally connected together, and means for effecting pivotal adjustment of the supports .to bring the sections into desired alinement with each` other before keying them together.

. PHILIP AYLETT. Witnesses: G. TAYLoE GWATHMEY,

M. A. LAWLER.