US953521A

US953521A - Elastic-fluid turbine.

Info

Publication number: US953521A
Application number: US51996809A
Authority: US
Inventors: Raymond N Ehrhart
Original assignee: Westinghouse Machine Co
Current assignee: Westinghouse Machine Co
Priority date: 1909-09-28
Filing date: 1909-09-28
Publication date: 1910-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 1927-03-29

Description

R. N. EHRHART. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 31, 1906. RENEWED SEPT. 28, 1909.

953,521; Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

WITNESSES: I I /j g fZTTbRNEY R. N. EHRHART.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

urmoumn EILEE ME. 31, 1906. RENEWED sEPT. 28, mg.

953,521, Patented Man 29, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNES SES: V INVENTOR ATTORNEY "mar-ran sTArEs PATENT ora ion.

RAYMOND N. EHRHART, 0F .PI'I.'lIlSlBUIR/(ir, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTING- HOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ELASTIG'FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.- Patgnted Mai, 29, 1910.

Application filedMarch 31, 1906, Serial No; 309,152. Renewed September 28, 1909. Serial No. 519,968.

'I '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Riinroxo N. EH1:-

HART. a citizen of the United States, and

ing the flow of fluid from the turbine to the heating system so as to maintain therein a constant pressure.

A further object is the production of a heating system in which motive fluid discharged from a high-pressure stage of a turbine is delivered to the heating system.

and connected with which means are em- .ployed for delivering the excess fluid to a stage of lower pressure. p

The embodnnent of my invention herein described includes a multi-stage turbine,

which is divided into high-and low pressure sections, and a heating system which re-.

eeives steam from a'high pressure section. The arrangement issuch that all or a portionof the steam discharged from the high pressure section is 'deliveredto a valve, which communicates with the heating systeam, before it is delivered to the low pressure section. A special valve is utilized between the high and .low' pressure sections which is adapted to supply fluid from the high-pressure section in regulable amounts to the heating system so as to maintain therein a constant pressure.- The valve is arranged to automatically admit highpressure steam to the heating system when the fluid discharged from the high-pressure section ofthe turbine is insuflicient to main: tain a predetermined pressure therein, and is also arranged to bypass steam around the v heating system and .into theloW-pressure section of'the turbine when the'pressurein the heatmg systemexceeds a predetermined plication and forming a part thereof, Figure l is a side elevation illustrating a system of fluid passages which communicate with a heating system; and Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a valve forming a detail of my invention.

A turbine 2 is divided into high and low pressure sections which are inclosed within separate cylinders 3 and 4;. The'high-pressure section is provided with a motive fluid supply pipe 5 which is provided with a hand-operated throttle valve 6, an automatic cut-off valve 7 and a governor-controlled admission valve 8, which admits; motive fluid (hereinafter called steam, for the'sake of brevity) to the turbine. The cylinders 3 and 4 of the turbine are so arranged that-the steam entering the highpressuresection flows in one direction toward the exhaust and through suitable passages to the admission port of the lowpressure cylinder through which it flows in an opposite direction and is discharged into a condenser or the atmosphere. The steam discharged from the high-pressure cylinder of the turbine enters a conduit, or passage 9, which communicates with a casing 10-of an automatically-actuated valve through port 12. The casing 10 is provided with a port 13 which communicates with a heating system through a valved pipe 14: and with a conduit or passage 15, which communicates with the admission portof the low: pressure'section of the turbine, through a valve port 17. The valve 11 comprises a hollow piston and reciprocates within the casing 10 to control the flow of steam through the

ports

12 and 17. The valve stem 18 is rigidly secured to the valve 11 and extends through a suitable bush 1%),

located in the casing 10, and into a cylinr' within the chamber 20.

A pipe or passage 24-communicates with a port 25, formed within'the casing 10, and

is adaptedto admit high presSure steam to the interior passages of the casing 10. The

chamber 20 is provided withasteam'admisr sion port/26 and an exhaust port 27. The admission port is provided with a. valve 28 'which is adapted to periodically admit steam from a plpe 29 to the upper portion of the chamber 20. The exhaust port 27 is proyided with a needle valve 31, which is adapted to restrict and regulate the amount of steam-exhausted from the chamber 20. The valve 28 is pivotally-connected to a lever 32, which is fulcrumed at 33 and which is-periodically oscillated by an eccentric 34; through an eccentric rod 35. The eccentric 34 is driven by the shaft of the turbine and the eccentric rod 35 is provided with a sleeve nut 36, which may be utilized in adjusting its length.. The flow of steam from the chamber 20 is restricted by the valve exhaust port 27 and consequently the piston 23 is periodically subjected to fluid pressure admitted by the valve 28, which tends to.

close the

ports

12 and 17 by moving the valve 11 downwardly toward its seat,which' is formed on lugs 37, formed integrally with the valve casing 10. The lugs 37 are so located that the piston valve 11 will never entirely close the admission port 12 and'the valve 11 1S hollow and so constructed that when it is inits lowest position the port 17 is closed and the port '25 is open. The arrangement is such that the pressure in the heating system is transmitted through the port 13 and through the piston valve 11 to When the pressure in the heating system exceeds a predetermined amount, due to the valve 8 supplying extra amounts of steam to the high pressure portion of the turbine, or to the fact that the heating system is not condensing .all of the steam supplied, the piston 22 is raised, in opposition to the periodic pressure on the plston 23, and lifts-the valve-'11, thereby admitting steam from the port 12 to the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine through the port 17. The fluctuations of pressure in the chamber 20 cause the valve 11 to pulsate and to periodically open the port 17 amounts proportional to the eX- isting pressure in the heating system. As the pressure in the heating system continues toincrease, the valve 11 is raised to such positions that it will not close the

ports

12 and 17 during its reciprocations and steam is, therefore, admitted to the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine in a continuous and unthrottled stream. 1 When the pressure in the heating system falls below a predetermined pressure, the valve 11 is periodically forced by the pressure in the chamber 20 to such positions that the port closed, and the port 25 is periodically un- 17 is periodically covered andhighspressure steam is admitted in puffs through the hollow valve 11 to the heating system. As the pressure continues to fall in theheating system, the pulsations of the valve 11 decrease until, at a predetermined pressure, the valve is held by the pressure in the chamber 20 against the lugs 37 and high-pressure steam is admitted in a continuous stream in conjunction with the steam admitted through the partially closed port 12.

The pressure maintained in the heating" system may be varied by adjusting the throw of the valve 28, by lengthening or shortening the eccentric rod 35 or by adjusting the needle valve 31 with which the exhaust port 27 is provided.

When the heating system is not in use, a'

valve 39 in 'the plpe la is closed and the valve 11 in reciprocating. admits steam di rect to the low-pressure section of the turbine. Means may be utilized for securing the valve 11 in such a position that the port 17 is always open. A-valve 4:1 is provided in the, pipe 24' which admits high-pressure steam to the interior of the valve casing 10, that may be closed when the heating system is not in use, or-may be utilized in adjusting the flow of steam through the pipe during the operation of the heating system.

It is apparent that with such a construction the efficiency of the turbine will not be materially affected, since the low-pressure section will be operating in a vacuum it connected to a condenser, during light loads, or when the'heating system is making large demands for steam. It is apparent also that during the operation of the heating system the motive fluid will be delivered to the low-pressure section of the turbine in accordance with the load demand. As the load on the turbine increases, the valve 11 will respond to the variations of pressure admitted to the interior of the valve casing 10 by the valve 8 and periodically supply motive fluid to the low-pressure section of the turbine. As the loadon the turbine stillfurther increases, the valve 11 will increase the periodic supply of steam to the low-pressure section and, at some predetermined load, steam is admitted in a continuous stream. Under such conditions the turbine .at all times'will answer to the loaddemand' just as effectively as an ordinary.

turbine and the pressure in the heating sys tem will be maintained practically constant. The valve stem 18 is arranged project through the casing 10 to form' a signt rod,

which discloses the position of the piston 11 and, therefore, aids in the adjustment "of the needle valve 31' and the sleeve nuti36J.

The pressure in the chamber 20 proportioned that the valve pulsate" maybe so turbine,

pressure within said system and for proportioning the amount of fluid admitted to a low pressure stage ofsaid turbine.

lhIIl combination with a multi-stage said low-pressure stage inaccordance with,

the pressure existing in said system.

v 15. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, aheating system, a valve for delivering motive fluid discharged from a highpressure stage of said turbine to a low-pressure stage and to said heating system, means for proportioning the delivery of fluid to said low-pressure stage in accordance with the pressure ex sting .m said system andmeans for pulsating the fluid delivered thereto.

16. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, a heating system, a valve for deli'vering motive fluid from a higlvpressure,

- stage of said turbine and from a source other than said turbine to said heating system and means, dependent upon the pressure-existing within said system, for controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said low-pressure stage of the turbine.

17. In combination with a 'multi-stage turbine, a heating system, a valve for delivering .motive fluid from, a high pressure stage of said turbine and from a source other than said turbine to said heating system, means, dependent upon the pressure existing within said heating system, for

controlling the delivery of motive fluid to' said low-pressure stage and means for pulsating the fluid delivered to said low-pressure stage.

, 18. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, a heatingsystem', a valve between a high and a low-pressure stage of said turbine, and means whereby said valve is adapted to proportion the delivery of motive fluid to said low-pressure stage in accordance .with the pressure existing in said system and to p'ulsate the fluid passing it.

19. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, a heating syStem,-means between said heat-ing system and said stage for delivering motive fluid discharged from a high-pressure stage of said turbine to a lowpressure stage and to said heating system and means for proportioning the delivery of motive fluid to said low-pressure stage in accordance with pressure existing in said system.

20. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, a heating system, means for delivering motive fluid discharged from a highpressure stage of said turbine to. a lowpressure stage and to said heating system,

a heating system, avalve between pressure stage I means for proportioning the delivery of fluid to said low-pr'essure'stage in accordance with the pressure existing in said system and means for pulsating the fluid delivered thereto.

21. In combination with a multi-stage turbine, a heating system, means'for delivering motive fluid discharged from a'highof said turbine and from a source other than said turbine to said heating system and means, dependent upon the pressure within said heating system, for

controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said low-pressure stage of the turbine.

22. In combination with a multistage turbine, a heating system, means for delivering motive fluid discharged from a high pressure stage of said turbine and from a source other than said turbine to said heating system, means, dependent upon the pressure within said heating system, for controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said low-pressure stage of the turbine and means .for pulsating the fluid delivered: to said stage.

28. In combination, independentturbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in'series relation in performing useful work, means in termediate Said'turbines adapted to absorb energyf'of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series and mechanism for automatically bypassing said means whereby varying proportions of the exhaust motive fluid from the first turbine are delivered to the second turbine without passing through said means.

at. In combination, independent turbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing work, means adapted to absorb energy of a portion or all ofthe mo tigve fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series, a bypass around said means, a

valve in said by-pass and means for automatically controlling the operation of said valve.

25. In combination, independent turbines working at different pressures and through which the motive. fluid passes in series relation in performing useful work, means adapted to absorb the energy of aportion or all of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series, a by-pass around said means, a valve in said by' pass and means for automatically controlling the operation of said valve in accord ance with the pressure of the motive fluid iii-said means.

26. In combination, independent turbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing useful work, means adapted to absorb the energy of a portion or all of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series, a by-pass around said means for placing said turbines in direct communication one with the other and regulating means for automatically varying the effective area of said by-pass.

27. In combination, independent turbines working at diflerent pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing useful work, means adapted to absorb the energy of a portion or all of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series, a by-pass around saidmeans for placing said turbines in direct communication one with theother and regulating means for automatically shunting all or a portion of the exhaust motive fluid fronr said first turbine of the series around said means.

28. In combination, independentturbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing useful work, means adapted to absorb the energy of a portion or all of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series, a by-pass around said means for placing said turbines indirect communication one with the other and regulating means for automatically controlling the, delivery of all or a portion of the motive fluid exhausted from said first turbine to the second turbine of the series.

29. In combination, independent turbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing useful work, means adapted to absorb the energy of a portion orall of the motive fluid after it has passed through the first turbine of the series, a bypass for leading motive fluid exhaustedv from the first turbine of the series directly to the second turbine, a valve in said by-pass and an agent the operation of which is dependent upon the amount of energy absorbed by said means for automatically controlling the operation of said valve.

30. In combination, independent turbines working at different pressures and through which the motive fluid passes in series relation in performing work, means. for

utilizing a portion of the motive fluid exhausted from the first turbine of the series in performing useful work, a by-pass around said means and a device the operation of which depends upon the enfirgy alllr. or contro ing te stracted by said means effective area of said by-pass.

31. In combination, independent turbines RAYMOND N. EHRHART.

l'Vitnesses:

, CHARLES W. Mc-GHEE,

R. P. MOINTYRE.