US782623A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

BEST AVMLABLE CW N0. 782,623. PATNTED PEB. 14, 1905. A. C. E. RATEAU & G. SAUTTER.

STEAM TURBINE.A APPLIoATIvoN FILED DB0.9.1903.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

BEST AVMLABLE CO?" No. 782,623. PATENTBD FEB. 14, 1905. A. C. E. BATEAU & G. SAUTTER.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED mc.9,19oa.

5 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

No. 782,623. PATENTED PEB. 1A, 1905. A. G. E. BATEAU L G. SAUTTER.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED DBG.Q,1903.

6 SHEETS-SHBET 3.

Wzcsses; Ede/0713: muy l l Abad a/L/j WST AvMLABLE C0?" No. 782,623. PATENTED FEB. 14, 1905. A. C. E. BATEAU & G. SAUTTER. STEAM TURBINE.

{A PPLIATIOQFILBD 1356.9, 1903.

BEST AVAILABLE CO?" No. 782,523. PATBNTBD PEB. 14, 1905. A. C. E. 11111111111 L 11. SAUTTER. STEAM 1311111111111.

APPLmATloN FILED 131119.11103.

WM 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

me BEST PN NLBLE C Patented February 14, 1905.

A UG

1STE C'LULLE l-DMOND BATEAU AND lAS'lON SAUIIICR, OF

lARlS, FRANCE.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,623, dated February 14, 1905.

Application tiled December 9, 1903. Serial No. 184,507.

Beit known that we, AUGUSTE CAMLLE En- Moxn RivrnAU and (is'roN SAU'rTnr., residing at Paris, France., have invented a. new and useful improvement in Steam-'1mrbines, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

The present invention has .for its object a turbine formed of two drums mounted upon a. common shaft for the purpose of employing either simultaneousiv or successively lowpressure steam derived from a primary engine of an)v tvpe and high-pressure steam derived direct from the boiler, the working being so conducted that there is no appreciable loss of energy. Each of the said drums constitutes a. turbine-one a high-pressure turbine, the other a` low-pressure turbine. The turbines are mounted upon a common shaft,

from which it results that the assemblageforms a single. appzn'atus. The low-pressure turbine or drum receives exhaust-steam from a primary engine., which steam then passes to a condenser. '1`he other high-pressure turbine or drum receives live steam derived from a boiler through an automatically -governed steam-inlet', the said steam being then exhausted into the lo\\'pressure turbine. ln order to allow the assemblage to worlt satisfactorily. the following dillicnlties must be overcome: First, the admission of live steam to the highpressure turbinemustbe completelvautomatic and without the irnerventirm of the engineer; second, the speed-governor must' be able to act upon the assemblage as'it acts in ordinary cases without it being possible for anyv racing to take place; third` and lastly, in order that the. high-pressure turbine shall not be a cause of lossofencrgv when the low-pressu re turbine is alone being driven-thafis to sav, when the motive force is derived from exhaust-steam from a primary engine passing' to the low-pressure turbine aloneit is necessariv to arrange that the high-pressure turbine shall rotate in a modification of an automatically-governcd inlet for the passage of steam to the high-pressure turbine. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a valve. Figs. 6 and 7 are enlarged details of thecon nection between the governor and th rottle-valve. Fig. 8 is a general view showing the relation to a boiler and engine.

1 is the low-pressure turbine, which receives steam through the pipe 2 and which exhausts to the condenser through the pipe 3.

4 is the high-pressure turbine, arranged, as shown, upon the shaft 5, common also to the first turbine, the two turbine-drums having placed between them the centrifugal governor (i. 'lhe high-pressure turbine 1 receives live steam' through the end 7 and exhausts th rough the tube 8 and the pipe 9, which pipe leads the steam to the pipe 2, leading into the lowprcssure turbine 1. Situated between the exhaust-pipe 8 and the inlet-pipe 2 are, moreover, a check-valve 10 and a throttle-valve 11. '.lhe exhaust-steam derived from the primar)7 engine passes through the pipe 12 into the chamber 13 containing the throttle f valve; but prior to the inlet into the chamber 13 there is placed a double-seated valve 14. The said valve is mounted on a spring 15, which must be overcome by the steam before it is able to pass into the turbine. The valve 14, usuali)` free upon the spring 15, can nevertheless be kept fast upon its seat by means of the hand-wheel 16 when it is desired to 'stop the machine.

'lhe throttle-valve l1 consists of a cylindrical piston which moves in the interior of the shell 17, which is provided with a circular oriiice 18. The rod of the said piston is connected through the crank 19 and the connecting-rod 20 to thc` governor-sleeve in such a manner that the latter can open or close the circular orilice 18 through which the steam is forced to pass to arrive at the inlet-pipe 2 of the low-pressure turbine 1. The pipe 9 from the high-pressure turbine L1 leads, as does the pipe 12, into the chamber 13 containing the throttle-valve.

The check-valve 10 rests on its seat b v reason of its own weight, and it is. moreover, thrust down b'v a spring 21. -The steam is forced to litt the. valve to pass out l'rom the high-pressure turbine. A handle 2;) allows the valve itl to be kept open when desired. 'lfhis may be useful when after closing the double-seated valve ist by the handwheel iti the engine i being worked b v means of live steam only.

The automaticinletl'orsteam is seen on the left-hand portion oiE the drawings above the cylinder et. it consists o l' a pist-ou and a shell 23, exactlyY analogous to the main throttlevalve acted on b v the governor. rl`he rod 2-1. of the obturating-piston is governed in this case by a iiexible rubber diaphragm placed in a Jflat circular box. The lower portion ot' the box is submitted to atmospheric pressure, while the upper portion is pu t into communication with the pipe 9 and the chamber .l-3 containing the tln'ottle-valve b v means oi. the pipe 26. The diaphragm is also sulunitted to an upward stress or at times to a downward stress by means'ot' a lever 27. acted upon by an adjustable springQS. The chamber which contains the shell or' the obturator is placed in communication with the boiler by the pipe 29, and, on the other hand. the interior ot' the shell is placed in con'nnunication with the chamber-30, provided in the end 7 of the highpressure turbine 4. rlhe chamber 30 precedes the lirst stean'i-inlet to the turbine. ,lt will be seen in the arrangemei'itoii automatic inlet that the rubber dial'ihragm 25 falls and closes the obturator when Athe pressure in the pipe 9, transmitted through the pipe Qt, exceeds a given limit and that. on the contrary. the diaphragm rises and opens the obturator when the pressure ialls below the limit.

ln the lower portion ot the drawings an arrangen'ient is shown by which a vacuum is formed in the high-pressure turbine when the automatic steam-inlet is closed. lhis arrangement comprises a piston-valve31` placed at the end ot' the pipe 32. the said pipe being connected to the lower portion ol the highpressure-turbine cylinder. This piston is acted upon by a spring which tends to thrust it downward. and consequently to open communication between the pipe 32 and the small chamber 33, which in its turn communicates with the condenser through the tube 3% VVhGn, therefore.v the high-pressure turbine 4 receives no live steam` the piston 3l is 'l'orced downward and a vacuum is lornied 'throughout the turbine '-1 througli the intermediary oi' the pipe 2A and the pipe but so soon as live steam passes into the turbine the pressure rises in the admission-(diamber Et), which communicatr-is through the pipe 35 with the lower end of the piston 31. and so soon as the pressure is sutiicient the piston 31 again rises i in compressing its spring and closes the pipe 32, consequently closing communication between the high-pressure turbine and the condenser. The converse takes place whfn the l inlet oi live steam ceasing' equilibrium ol' l esst avAitAetE con-l to of itself feed the lo\v-1.nessu re turbine l, the

pressure of the pipe i2 in theehainber l?, and in the pipe t) is sullicient to maintain the obturator oi' the auton'iatie inlet for live steam closed. No steam then passing to the highpressure turbine, the check-valve it) remains closed. and. on the other hand, the turbine 4t is made to connect with a vacuum by means oi: the automatic piston 3l and does not consume energy by friction of the wheels in inert fl uid. '.lhe governor 6 acts upon the throttle-val ve l] in the ordinary way.

Second. no soon as the low-{nessure steam noA longer suliices for the demands ot' the lowpressure turbine l the pressure in the chamber i3 "alls,and then the automatic inlet opens, allowing a certain quantity of live steam to pass into the high-pressure turbine. This quantity is self-regulated and is that which is necessary to maintain the pressure in the admission-chamber i3 constant. The working pressure can be modilied as desired by changing the tension of the spring 28, whicbacts upon the diaphragm ot' theautomatic inlet. Moreover. as has been above explained, so soon as the automatic inlet opens the piston 31 closes communication between the highpressure turbine and the condenser. 1n this case the action of the governor is the same as that hereinafter described.

Third. ,1f the supply otA low-pressure steam ceases completely, the live steam sutiices to alone feed the two turbines; but it is then necessary to prevent the steam fiowing through the pipe l?. It is mainly for this that the (huilde-seated check-valve is provided.

Lastly, it will be seen that by acting upon the throttle-valve 11 the governor 6 can, morel over, govern the speed of the group ot' turbines. 'lhethrottle-valve onelosinglessens the quai'itity olisteain delivered to the low-pressu re turbine. and at the same time causes the pressure in the chamber 13 to rise, (owing to the check-valve ist.) and consequently causes the automatic inlet for live steam to be partially or completely closed. Strictly speaking, when the governor completely closes the valve 11 a vacuum can prevail throughout the low-pressure turbine, while, on the contrary, ill the automatic inlet does not happen to work, in consequence of abnormal friction in its movements. the boiler-pressure may establish itself not only in the high-pressure turbine 4, but also in the pipe 9 and in the chamber 13 to as iar as the valve ii.

.ln order to guard against the evils which a bnornial l'riction ot' the automatic inlet might give rise to, a small piston-dist-ributer acted upon by the governor may be arranged in conlOO IIO

. phere or with the pipe supplying boiler-steam. I

,ation with the pipe Q6, which places the l cation through the .pipe 56-with the condenserl pipe 26 into communication either with t'he condenser' when the governor' arrives at the end of its movement for opening or with the boiler when the governor arrives at the end of its movement for closing. ln this manner the automatic inlet is placed to a certain degree under the control of the governor itself;

and for -the small forces 'corresponding to the variations of pressure inthe pipe 9 there is substituted the great forces due to the difference of pressurebetween the boiler and the condenser.

ln place ofthe automatic inlet shown in'Fig.

v1 the arrangement hereinafter described, and shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, may be used. The latter figure is a section,l to a larger scale, on the line a L of Fig. rlheobturator instead of being on the steam-inlet pipe situated infront of the cylinder of the high-pressure turbine is arranged on t'he cylinder epd itself, at the inlet to the first distributor, insuch a. manner that the first distributer. The advantage is that the total expansion of the steam is then in all cases utilized, while withthe arrangement described vlabove and shown in Fig. 1 when the automatic inlet is partiallyo'pen a certain portion of the energy of the steam is lost by expansion at the orifice uncovered bythe obturator.-

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 show thedetails of the obturat-or and the method of sroverning it automatically. Steam passes through the pipe 36 into the circular chamber-37, inV which the circular obturator 38 is arranged. `The obtu rator is cylindrical at its periphery and moves with little friction in the .interior of a cylinder. In the wall of said cylinder at certain spots and symmetrically 'arranged over its surface there open out the channels of the primary distributer 39, which lead steam into' the paddle 4.0 of the first moving wheel. Fig. 3 shows at 41 openings formed in the obturator 38 opposite the partitions 42 of the distributer. lt will be seen that by turning the obturator more or less one, two, three, or more channels lin each group of the distributor 39 will be closed by the edge of the openings. The obturating-valve is moved by means of a toothed sector 43, Fig. 3, and of a pinion 44, mounted at the end of a rod 45, Fig. 2, which may be moved by hand b v means of an outside wheel 46 or automatically by means of the pinion 47 and rack 48, Fig. 4. The rack 48 is in one piece, with the pistons 49 and 50, which are of dierent diameter and which move in pressure-turbine th rottlewalve, and the cylin-i der52 is placed Vinto communication through:

thelpipef 54 either with the outside atmos- Gn the other'hand, the space 55 comprised between the two pistons is put into'communiin such a manner as to lower the pressure in the chamber 55 as much as possible. 57 is a grease-box for lubricating the pinion 47 and the rack 48. Owingr to the arrangement of the dili'erential pistons 49 and 50, it will be seen that a constant relation is automatically established between'the pressure acting upon the piston 49-that is tosay, the pressure of the steam before its inlet into the low-preseesr Avait/rete Coi-"8 sure turbine-and atmospheric pressure act-4. 4

ing upon the piston'O, or Pit may be the pressure in the boiler, according as the cylinder 52 is putinl'o communication with the outside atmosphere or with the boiler. When the pressure of the steam admitted to the low-pressure turbine rises above the figure correspondingto this relation, the piston 49 moves to the left,

moving with it the rack andclosing the throttlc-valve 38. Theconverse takesl pla'ce if the pressure falls. .It may be remarked that'this Iarrangement of throttle-valve upon the first the obtnrator closes more or less the channels of distributor is applicable to a turbine of any type. It merely requires that the cylinder 51 shall beconnected through the pipe 53 with the chamber 37containingthetln'ottle-valve, while the cylinder 520i-smaller diameter than the .other shall be placed in communication through the pipe 54 witlithe inlet-pi pe for steam derived from the boiler. Under these conditions this arrangementwill close or open the throttle valve 38. in such a manner that there is a constant relation between the pressure in the chamber 37, Fig. 2v, and the boiler-pressure. The centrifugal governor acting upon a throt'- tlc-valve placed in front of the chamber 37 as the throttle-valve 11 in-Fig. 1 is arranged in front of the low-pressure turbine the move;V ments of the obturating-valve placed in the chamber 37 will follow those othe throttlevalve exactly as if it were subjected to it.

T he hub 58 of the valve 14, to which is fixed the valve-rod 59, has depending from it a tu- `bular extension 60, passing with mild friction through a guide-piece 61. On the other hand, the end 62 of the rod 59 enters freely in a recess 63 of the upper valve-seat 64, which is made of a diameter slightly larger than that "of theend 62. The lower end of the rod 59 is provided .with an expansion 65` incased in loo a tubular casing 66 in which it can slide freely` such movement being limited only when said expansion reaches either end of the casing 66. Casing '66 is supported on the upper end of a screw-threaded rod 67, provided with a hand wheel 16, and may thus be -moved vertically. On the rod 59 is arranged a spring 15, one end of which abuts either directly against the bottom of the recess in the tubular extension y6() or against a washer 68, preferably integral with the rod 59, while the other end of said spring abuts againstthe top of ,the casing 66,

thus tending to prese' valve 14 .on its seat against the pressureof the incoming steam. Should' it be desiredfto keepvalve 14 fast on In-Fig. 8 reference-numerals 68 and 69 in- `Irect steam, to the high-pressure drum-aud the tle-valve arranged in the passage between the 3S the exhaust from the motor, the other drum gine, the high-pressure drum receiving its mo'- tive fluid from the boiler, an inlet-valve controlling the'passage from the boiler to the vlive steam only, the vaive i0 being then pref- -so as to bring the bottom of casing 66 to bear on the end 65 of -rod 5 9. -Should the valve 14:, on the other hand, have a tendency to stick 4withdraw' the valve from its seat by a further` and engine are of any ordinary type, theeiiiits seat-for instance, for stopping or when it is desired to workthe engine by means of erably kept open by means of handle 22-it is only necessary to screw the rod1 67 upward,

to its seat after it has been relieved of the upwardpressure'of rod 67 .for-'starting the engine, the npperpart of thecasing 66 can by u'nscrewing'the rod 67 be broughtto bear on the expansion 65 of valve-rod 59 in order to downward movement of rod 67 andvhand-.l wheel 16.

dicate, respectively, the boiler. supplying diengine which' exhaus into the 'passage leading tothe low-:pressure drum. The boiler cient operation of .the invention notdepending in any way upon the specilic form of motor or motive-duid supply."

, Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what'manner the same is to be performed, we declare4 that what we claim isA 1. A turbine consisting of '.hgh -and low pressure drums mounted upon a common shaft, the low-pressure drum receiving 4the exhaust `from the high-pressure drum", athrot- -two drums, an inletvalve controlling the en. trance to the high-pressure drum, and meansoperating automatically to actuate the inletvalve as the pressure in the passage varies from a predetermined point.

-2. The combination, with a motor, and a source of motive/fluid, of a turbine comprisone drum arranged toreceive and to utilize receiving its motive fluid direct from the motive-fluid supply, aninlet-valve arranged in the passage from the source of vmotive fluid to the drum, and means operating automatically to open said valve when the pressure of the exhaust Afrom themotor falls below a pr e`= determined point.

3. The combination, with an engine, and a boiler, of a turbine comprising high and' low pressure drums mounted uponv a common' shaft, the low-pressure drum arranged to re-4 ceive and to utilize the exhaust from the euhigh-pressure drum, and means operating au-I tomatically to open said valve when the pressure of the exhaust from the engine ,fails helow a'predetermined point.

4. The combination, with an engine, and a Boiler, of a turbine comprising high and lowQ pon a common arranged to re-l' pressure drums mounted u shaft, the low-pressure drum ceive and to 4utilize the exhaust from the en.- ginel and from the high-pressure drum( the high-pressure drum receiving its motive iiuid from the boiler, a check-valve controlling the passage from .the boiler to the high-pressure drum, and 'means operating automatically to actuate said valv'e as the pressure inthepassage between the two drums varies from a predetermined point. 5. V The combination, with an'engine, and a boiler, of a turbine comprising high-and low pressure drums, 'mounted upon a common shaft, the low-pressure drum arranged .to re 'ceive andto utilize the exhaust from the engine and from thehigh-pressure drum, the high-pressure .drum receiving its motive fluid from the boiler, a check-valve controlling the exhaust from the engine, a second check-valve controlling the exhaust from the high-pressure drum, means for holding said checkvalves closed, a throttle-valve arranged in the passage between the check-valvesaud the lowpressure 'drum and controlled by a governor, an Ainlet-valve controlling the passage from the boiler .to the high-pressure drum, a diaphragm controlling said valve, a passage leading from. one side .of said diaphragm to the passage between hetwo drums, and a communication betweenthe other side of said diaphragm and" the atmosphere, whereby any variation of pressure in the passage between the two drums -will cause a movement of the diaphragm to open or close the inlet-valve.

6. A turbine comprising high and low pressure drumsmounted uponv a common shaft, means for supplying the low-pressure .drum with motive iiuid independent of the highprssure drum, and means for connecting the high-pressure drum with a condenser. Y

'7: A turbine comprising-high and low pres sure drums mounted upon a common shaft, means for supplying the low-pressure drum with motive iiuid. independent ofthe high- 'pressure drum, an inlet-.valve controlling the entrance of motive fluid to the high-pressure drum, a passage leading from the exhaust side of the higli-pressure drum to the condenser, a

valve within said passage, a piston .controlling BEST AVAlLABLE COF` IOC . IcS

said valve, a springtending to normally unseat said valve, and a passage leading from the inlet side of the high-pressure drum to the 'pressure side of saidpiston, whereby when the inlet-valve to the high-pressure drum 1sopen the pressure of the motive iiuid will hold the .piston up and the. valve closed and when the inlet-valve is closed the valve will be unseated by the spring and connection made by the passage between the Condenser and the high-i ressure drum to cause a vacuum therein` A turbine eomprising high and low presin'e drums mounted upon a common shaft, a "an-sage emnmnnieating between the exhaust of the high-pressure drum and the inlet of the low-pressure drum, means for supplying moti re Huid to said passage independent of the high-pressureI drum, a cheek-valve arranged in the exhaust from the high-pressure drum, an inlet-valve controlling the passage of motive ii uid to the high-pressure d rum,aud means operating automatieall)v to close t-he inlet-val Ve when the pressure in the passage exceeds a predetermined point and to open the inletralre when the pressure falls below sueh point, in combination with a passage leading from the high-pressure drum to a condenser, and means operating automatically to open said passage when the inlet-valve is closed and to close said passage when the inlet-Valve is open, wherebiY a comparative vacuum is formed in the high-pressure drum when the same is running idly.

.l. The combination, with an engine, and a boiler, oi a turbine comprising high and low pressure drums mounted upon a common shaft, the high-pressure drum receiving its motire Huid from the boiler, the low-pressure drum receiving and utilizing the exhaust from the high-pressure drum and also from the engine through a common passage, a Cheek-valve Controlling the exhaust from the engine.I a seeoud check-Valve controlling the exhaust from the high-pressure drum.y means for holding` the first cheek-valve seated, a throttle-valve controlling the inlet Jfrom the passage to `the low-pressure drum, a governor controlling said throttle, an inlet-valve controlling the passage of motive Jduid from the boiler to the high-pressure drum, a diaphragm operativel)Y connected with the inlet-valve, a passage leading from one side of said diaphragm tothe passage between the two drums whereby a Variation in the pressure within said passage will affect the diaphragm and serve to aetuate the inlet-valve, a passage between the highpressure drum and a Condenser, means for closing said passage when the inlet-valve is open, and means for opening said passage when the inlet-valve is closed, whereby a compara-tive vacuum is formed within the highpressure drum when the same is running idly,

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two su bseribing witnesses. v

AUGUSTE CAMILLE lllLllONll liA'lllAl', GASTON SAUT'IER. \Vit1iesses:

JEAN VAUei-inn, PAUL F. 'PQUE'L

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