US9359875B2 - Artificial lift tool - Google Patents

Artificial lift tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US9359875B2
US9359875B2 US13/977,054 US201113977054A US9359875B2 US 9359875 B2 US9359875 B2 US 9359875B2 US 201113977054 A US201113977054 A US 201113977054A US 9359875 B2 US9359875 B2 US 9359875B2
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Prior art keywords
artificial lift
pump
lift tool
well
main bearing
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US13/977,054
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US20130277065A1 (en
Inventor
Jørgen Hallundbæk
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Welltec AS
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Welltec AS
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Assigned to WELLTEC A/S reassignment WELLTEC A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HALLUNDBAEK, JORGEN
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/128Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an artificial lift tool for being introduced in a wellbore or a casing and submerged in well fluid.
  • the artificial lift tool extends in a longitudinal direction from a top end adapted to be connected to a wireline to a bottom end.
  • the tool comprises a motor unit and a pump unit.
  • the invention relates to a production well wherein the artificial lift tool is submerged in a well fluid; to the use of the artificial lift tool for providing artificial lift in a well; and to a method for providing artificial lift in a well.
  • a tool may be used to lift the well fluid to the upper part of the well. Such tools are often referred to as artificial lift tools.
  • the pump By submerging a pump tool in a well, the pump may be used to boost the pressure or perhaps restart a dead well.
  • the pump tool forms a plug or seal in the well and pumps well fluid from one side of the plug to the other.
  • the pump tool has to provide the necessary pressure to overcome the static pressure of the well fluid above the pump.
  • An artificial lift tool operates in a harsh or “dirty” environment and pumps well fluid containing contaminants and aggressive fluids.
  • an artificial lift tool for being introduced in a wellbore or a casing and submerged in well fluid, the artificial lift tool extending in a longitudinal direction from a top end adapted to be connected to a wireline to a bottom end, and the tool comprising:
  • a pump unit comprising a pump shaft which does not need to be supported in the lower section of the pump unit. Supporting a shaft induces the risk of the shaft being bended, which results in more wear in the bearing. Furthermore, a simpler artificial tool design is provided.
  • the circumferential seal may divide the wellbore or casing into an upper section and a lower, sealed-off section.
  • the well fluid is forced to enter only through the pump unit of the artificial tool.
  • the pump stage may be connected with the pump shaft and suspended from the first main bearing via the pump shaft.
  • the artificial lift tool may further comprise a compensator pump fluidly connected to the first main bearing in order to pressurise the first main bearing to obtain a pressure at least substantially equal to a pressure of the well fluid.
  • the compensator pump may be arranged above the pump unit in relation to the top end.
  • the compensator pump may be arranged above the motor unit to compensate both the motor unit and the main bearing and obtain a pressure in the motor unit at least substantially equal to a pressure of the well fluid.
  • the pump stage may comprise a flow guide mounted on the rotor and/or stator to provide an optimised flow.
  • the flow guide and vanes of the rotor may form a number of cavities.
  • the flow guide may be welded on the rotor and/or stator.
  • the flow guide prevents accumulation of contaminants, residues, scales, etc. from the well fluid in the pump unit as well as subsequent clogging, thereby increasing the efficiency of the pump unit. Further, mounting the flow guide on the rotor and/or stator allows for reduction of the tolerances of the pump components.
  • the pump unit may comprise a multiple stage centrifugal pump.
  • the pump unit may comprise eight pump stages.
  • the artificial lift tool may further comprise a second main bearing positioned in the lower section of the pump unit and being adapted to mainly absorb radial forces, the pump shaft being connected to the second bearing.
  • the second bearing may a plain bearing.
  • the second bearing may be a roller bearing.
  • the first main bearing may be a ceramic bearing.
  • the pump shaft may have a hollow bore extending in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
  • the compensator pump may be fluidly connected to the second main bearing in order to pressurise the second main bearing to obtain a pressure at least substantially equal to the pressure in the well.
  • the tool may comprise pressure means for pressurizing the packer unit during sealing of the annulus.
  • the tool may comprise a mechanical system for activating the packer unit during sealing of the annulus.
  • the artificial lift tool as described above may comprise a compensator unit fluidly connected to the second main bearing in order to supply the second main bearing with fluid and to obtain a pressure at least substantially equal to a pressure of the well fluid.
  • Said compensator unit may comprise a piston member and a spring member pushing the piston member in the longitudinal direction, the piston member being adapted to pressurise a fluid inside the second main bearing.
  • one or more bearings may be compressed by a spring member.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a production well wherein an artificial lift tool as described above is submerged in a well fluid, the artificial lift tool being adapted to pump the well fluid from a lower sealed-off section of the well below the artificial lift tool to an upper section of the well above the artificial lift tool in order to create artificial lift in the production well.
  • the invention relates to the use of an artificial lift tool as described above for providing artificial lift in a well by pumping a well fluid from a lower sealed-off section of the well below the artificial lift tool to an upper section of the well above the artificial lift tool.
  • the invention relates to a method for providing artificial lift in a well, comprising the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 shows a principal drawing of an artificial lift tool comprising a pump unit, a motor unit and a compensator pump,
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a cased wellbore with an artificial lift tool provided inside the casing
  • FIG. 3 a shows a cross-section of a pump unit comprising a plurality of pumping stages
  • FIG. 3 b shows a detailed section of the pumping stages of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 4 a shows a rotor
  • FIG. 4 b shows a rotor with a flow guide mounted on top
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a pump unit comprising a hollow pump shaft and a second main bearing
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of another embodiment of the pump unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows an artificial lift tool 1 for being submerged in a well fluid in a wellbore 60 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the artificial lift tool 1 provides artificial lift of well fluid in a non-producing well by pumping the well fluid from a lower sealed-off section 60 b of the well below a packer unit 13 surrounding the artificial lift tool to an upper section 60 a of the well above the artificial lift tool.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 extends in a longitudinal direction 50 from a top end 6 a , adapted to be connected to a wireline 65 , to a bottom end 6 b comprising an inlet 7 a .
  • the artificial lift tool 1 comprises a number of functional units which will be described in further detail below.
  • Reference number 10 depicts a pump unit positioned adjacent to the bottom end 6 b of the artificial lift tool 1 .
  • the pump unit 10 comprises a housing 5 extending in the longitudinal direction, and the pump unit 10 comprises an upper section 10 a and a lower section 10 b .
  • a number of pump stages 20 are mounted on a pump shaft 40 extending from the upper section 10 a of the pump unit 10 and into the lower section 10 b .
  • Each pump stage 20 comprises a rotor 21 for providing the required pumping effect and a stator 24 for directing the flow of well fluid between rotors in subsequent pump stages.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 does not comprise a feed pump, but only one main pump, and thus, the artificial lift tool is a more efficient and simple tool than the known prior art tools.
  • FIG. 1 shows a packer unit 13 positioned on an outer surface 5 a of the pump unit housing 5 .
  • the packer unit 13 extends in a periphery of the housing 5 in order to provide a circumferential seal 13 a between the artificial lift tool 1 and a side of the wellbore 60 or casing 61 when the artificial lift tool 1 is positioned in a well.
  • the seal divides the wellbore 60 or casing 61 into an upper section 60 a and a lower sealed-off section 60 b .
  • FIG. 2 shows the packer unit 13 in an activated state, where a seal 13 a is provided in the annulus 66 surrounding the artificial lift tool 1 by the seal 13 a extending in a radial direction from the housing 5 .
  • the seal may be expanded by pumping well fluid into it.
  • the pump unit 10 further comprises a first main bearing 30 positioned in the upper section 10 a of the pump unit 10 as shown in FIG. 3 a .
  • the first main bearing 30 is a combined axial and radial ball bearing adapted to absorb both radial and axial forces.
  • the first main bearing 30 comprises a bearing seat 31 and a seat ring 32 with a plurality of balls 32 a positioned between them.
  • the seat ring 31 is connected to the pump shaft 40 via a shaft sleeve 36 .
  • the pump unit 10 comprises a number of additional bearings 33 , 35 a , 35 b , 35 c . These bearings mainly absorb radial forces to prevent deflections in the pump shaft 40 .
  • a second bearing 33 is positioned in the lower section of the pump unit 10 and is designed as a plain bearing or journal bearing. The second bearing 33 has to operate in a harsh environment and is exposed to well fluid containing contaminants, residues, scales, etc.
  • the functionality of the second main bearing 33 being capable of absorbing the majority of axial forces acting on the pump shaft, renders possible a simple second bearing design suitable for operation in such a harsh environment.
  • the bearings 35 a , 35 b are ball bearings connected to the pump shaft 40 in the upper section 10 a of the pump unit 10 above the first main bearing 30 . It will be evident for a person skilled in the art that the functionality of the bearings described above may be obtained using various other types of bearings, such as, but not limited to, tapered or spherical roller bearings.
  • the shaft 40 When the pump shaft 40 , and thus the main weight of the pump shaft 40 and the pump stages 20 , is merely suspended from the first main bearing 30 in the upper section 10 a of the pump unit 10 , the shaft is not bended unintentionally in a second bearing 33 as the second bearing arranged in the lower section 10 b of the pump unit mainly supports the shaft at its sides.
  • the lower bearing supports the shaft, resulting in the shaft being somewhat bended, thereby increasing the risk of wear in the tool 1 .
  • a motor unit 11 is arranged for providing the required input power to drive the pump unit.
  • the motor unit 11 comprises an electrical motor having a torque element integrally connected to the pump shaft 40 .
  • the artificial lift tool 1 and the motor unit 11 are powered from the surface via an electrical conductor integrated in the wireline 65 .
  • the artificial lift tool 1 may comprise an onboard power source, such as, but not limited to, a battery.
  • the electrical motor rotates the pump shaft 40 and pump stages 20 to create a pumping effect.
  • the motor unit 11 may be integrated in the pump unit 10 or be otherwise positioned. Further, the motor unit 11 may comprise a drive shaft extending into the pump unit 10 , partly or fully replacing the pump shaft 40 .
  • the motor unit 11 may also comprise other types of motors.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a flow guide 22 mounted on the rotor 21 in order to increase the efficiency of the pump unit 10 .
  • the flow guide 22 and vanes 21 a on the rotor 21 form a number of cavities 22 a through which the well fluid is guided.
  • the pump shaft 40 extends through a centre bore 40 a of the rotor 21 .
  • the well fluid enters each pump stage 20 close to the centre bore 40 a .
  • the vanes 21 a force the well fluid away from the centre and towards an outer periphery 21 b of the rotor.
  • the flow guide 22 is mounted on the rotor 21 as an alternative to integrating the flow guide 22 in the housing 5 .
  • This design reduces the precision and tolerances by which the housing 5 has to be manufactured since there are fewer contact points between the rotor 21 and the housing 5 . Further, by providing a smooth flow path, the flow guide 22 prevents, or at least limits, accumulation of contaminants, residues, scales, etc. from the well fluid in each pump stage 20 .
  • the flow guides 22 are mounted onto the vanes 21 a by means of welding, but another suitable mounting process could also be applied.
  • Well fluid leaving the outer periphery of the rotor 21 enters a flow channel 25 a formed partly by a housing element 25 , as shown in FIG. 3 b .
  • the well fluid is guided into the part of the pump stage 20 comprising the stator 24 .
  • the stator 24 is rigidly mounted in the pump unit 10 and has a second flow guide 23 mounted on top of it.
  • the stator 24 and the second flow guide 23 creates a flow path 24 a guiding the well fluid from the outer periphery of the pump unit 10 towards the centre and into the next pump stage 20 /rotor 21 .
  • the well fluid from the well enters the lower section 10 b of the pump unit 10 through one or more inlets 7 a provided in the housing 5 .
  • the well fluid is then drawn into the first pump stage 20 and is pumped through the plurality of pump stages into the upper section 10 a of the pump unit 10 .
  • the well fluid is ejected into the well via outlets 7 b provided in the housing 5 above the packer unit 13 and thus provides artificial lift of the well fluid in a non-producing well.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 further comprises a compensator pump 12 for controlling the pressure within specific parts of the artificial lift tool.
  • the compensator pump 12 is fluidly connected to the first main bearing 30 in order to pressurise a fluid inside that bearing and provide a pressure at least substantially equal to the hydro-static pressure in the well.
  • the compensator pump 12 may be arranged above the pump unit 10 and thus closer to the top of the well.
  • the compensator pump 12 may also be arranged in a way that enables it to compensate the motor unit 11 so that the pressure in the motor unit is maintained at least at the same level as the pressure of the well fluid, and thus, the compensator pump 12 may be arranged above the motor unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a pump unit 10 comprising a hollow pump shaft and a second main bearing 33 a arranged in the lower section 10 b of the pump unit 10 .
  • the second main bearing 33 a is a combined axial and radial ball bearing adapted to absorb both radial and axial forces.
  • the hollow pump shaft provides a fluid connection between the compensator pump 12 and the second main bearing 33 in order to pressurise a fluid inside the second main bearing.
  • FIG. 6 shows another pump unit 10 comprising a second main bearing 33 a and a radial bearing 35 c arranged in the lower section 10 b of the pump unit 10 .
  • a fluid inside the second main bearing 33 a and the radial bearing 35 c are supplied by a compensator 45 a provided in the lower section 10 b .
  • the compensator maintains a certain overpressure in the bearing section in comparison to the wellbore pressure so that fluid inside the tool is leaking out of the tool and preventing dirty well fluid from entering the pump unit and the bearings.
  • the compensator comprises a displacable piston 46 under the influence of a spring member 47 .
  • the piston 46 pressurises a fluid inside a cavity 48 which is in fluid communication with the second main bearing 33 a and the radial bearing 35 c .
  • the compensator pump does not have to compensate the bearings in the lower section. Compensating both the upper and the lower section using the same system may be unsuitable in certain situations due to large variations in pressure inside the pump unit. If only one system is used, the excess pressure in some sections of the pump unit may have to be very high for the excess pressure in all sections to be above a certain threshold. A too high excess pressure inside the pump unit may result in undesirable wear and tear of components, such as gaskets, sealings, etc.
  • the bearings 35 a and 35 c are both influenced by spring members 37 a , 37 b , in this case a helical spring. It is recognised by the skilled person that other bearings in the pump unit 10 may also be provided with any kind of spring member in a similar manner. By providing a spring slightly compressing the bearing, the operation of the bearing is improved and the lifetime prolonged.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 is connected to a wireline 65 and lowered into a wellbore 60 .
  • the packer unit 13 is activated to provide a seal 13 a in the annulus 66 surrounding the artificial lift tool 1 .
  • the seal 13 a divides the well into a sealed-off section 60 b below the artificial lift tool 1 and an upper section 60 a above the artificial lift tool.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 is activated to pump the well fluid below the seal 13 a to the upper section 10 b of the well.
  • the fluid column of well fluid in the upper section 10 b of the well creates a hydro-static pressure on the outlet side of the pump unit 10 .
  • the outlet pressure of the pump unit 10 has to supersede this hydro-static pressure. Pumping well fluid from a lower side of the seal 13 a to the upper side results in lifting of the well fluid towards the surface of the well.
  • the artificial lift tool 1 has different uses and may be deployed in a well for shorter or longer periods of time. If the well is at some point self-propelled or self-producing due to an increase in the well pressure and no longer needs the artificial lift provided by the artificial lift tool 1 , the tool is removed from the well. The tool 1 may also be moved to a different position in the wellbore 60 or be redeployed in another well.
  • fluid or well fluid any kind of fluid that may be present in oil or gas wells downhole, such as natural gas, oil, oil mud, crude oil, water, etc.
  • gas is meant any kind of gas composition present in a well, completion, or open hole
  • oil is meant any kind of oil composition, such as crude oil, an oil-containing fluid, etc.
  • Gas, oil, and water fluids may thus all comprise other elements or substances than gas, oil, and/or water, respectively.
  • a casing any kind of pipe, tubing, tubular, liner, string etc. used downhole in relation to oil or natural gas production.
  • a downhole tractor can be used to push the tools all the way into position in the well.
  • a downhole tractor is any kind of driving tool capable of pushing or pulling tools in a well downhole, such as a Well Tractor®.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US13/977,054 2010-12-30 2011-12-29 Artificial lift tool Active 2032-11-10 US9359875B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10197360.0 2010-12-30
EP10197360 2010-12-30
EP10197360.0A EP2472055B1 (en) 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 Artificial lift tool
PCT/EP2011/074214 WO2012089802A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-29 Artificial lift tool

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US20130277065A1 US20130277065A1 (en) 2013-10-24
US9359875B2 true US9359875B2 (en) 2016-06-07

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US (1) US9359875B2 (da)
EP (1) EP2472055B1 (da)
CN (1) CN103299029B (da)
AU (1) AU2011351349B2 (da)
BR (1) BR112013016368A2 (da)
CA (1) CA2823475A1 (da)
DK (1) DK2472055T3 (da)
MX (1) MX2013007498A (da)
RU (1) RU2013134741A (da)
WO (1) WO2012089802A1 (da)

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SE535919C2 (sv) * 2011-06-30 2013-02-19 Atlas Copco Ind Tech Ab Elektriskt motordrivet verktyg
GB2515263B (en) * 2013-04-26 2015-09-09 Rotech Group Ltd Improved turbine
CN105814347A (zh) * 2014-01-14 2016-07-27 日本精工株式会社 旋转机构、机床以及半导体制造装置
CN104454024B (zh) * 2014-10-22 2016-02-24 西南石油大学 一种多级向心透平式涡轮节
US10018021B2 (en) * 2015-06-09 2018-07-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Battery-powered pump for removing fluids from a subterranean well
TWI603815B (zh) * 2016-04-13 2017-11-01 優鋼機械股份有限公司 旋轉式緊固裝置
JP2020029770A (ja) * 2016-11-14 2020-02-27 株式会社日立製作所 圧縮機及び圧縮機を有するガス圧送システム

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CN101070857A (zh) 2007-06-08 2007-11-14 童国明 无堵塞、大流量、高扬程潜水泥砂泵
CN201180680Y (zh) 2007-08-09 2009-01-14 陈国良 不锈钢多级潜水泵
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CN103299029B (zh) 2016-09-21
BR112013016368A2 (pt) 2018-06-19
US20130277065A1 (en) 2013-10-24
CN103299029A (zh) 2013-09-11
AU2011351349B2 (en) 2015-06-18
MX2013007498A (es) 2013-08-01
AU2011351349A1 (en) 2013-05-02
DK2472055T3 (da) 2013-10-07
WO2012089802A1 (en) 2012-07-05
CA2823475A1 (en) 2012-07-05
EP2472055A1 (en) 2012-07-04
RU2013134741A (ru) 2015-02-10
EP2472055B1 (en) 2013-08-07

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