US9334560B2 - Application of metallic glass and metallic glass thin film coating on the sharpness enhancement of cutting tools - Google Patents

Application of metallic glass and metallic glass thin film coating on the sharpness enhancement of cutting tools Download PDF

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US9334560B2
US9334560B2 US13/605,688 US201213605688A US9334560B2 US 9334560 B2 US9334560 B2 US 9334560B2 US 201213605688 A US201213605688 A US 201213605688A US 9334560 B2 US9334560 B2 US 9334560B2
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metallic glass
cutting tool
cutting
thin film
formula
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US20130108888A1 (en
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Jason Shiang Ching JANG
Pei Hua Tsai
Jia Bin LI
Yu Ze Lin
Chih Chiang Fu
Jinn P. Chu
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National Central University
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National Central University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • C22C1/002—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9372—Rotatable type
    • Y10T83/9403—Disc type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon, a metallic glass cutting tool, and methods of fabricating the same and, more particularly, to a cutting tool having an MGTF and a metallic glass cutting tool which can be used independently as, for example, knives, saws, blades, or cutter wheels; and methods of fabricating the same.
  • MGTF metallic glass thin film
  • Cutting tools such as knives or saws are used as equipment such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws.
  • Those cutting tools are usually made of stainless steel, ceramic, high-carbon steel, tungsten steel, or etc. Martensitic stainless steel is the most used material to manufacture medical knives and other equipment due to the advantages of being, for example, easy to obtain, easy to process, and low cost.
  • key requirements are to have enough hardness, sharpness, chemical-resistance, corrosion resistance, and less adhesive property. Also, for commercial purposes, it is desired to be easily produced, and have a low-manufacturing cost.
  • a Blade Sharpness Index (BSI) can be used with tests and calculations (C. T. McCarthy, M. Hussey, M. D. Gilchrist. “On the sharpness of straight edge blades in cutting soft solids: Part I—indentation experiments”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, p. 2205-2224, 2007).
  • the sharpness represents efficiency of cutting. For example, the better the sharpness (a lower Blade Sharpness Index) the more efficient the cut, which can help realize a short recovery time for patients following surgery.
  • the present invention provides a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon, which comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, and the cutting element is made of metal; and a metallic glass thin film which is coated on the cutting element, and a composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2, (Zr a Cu b Ni c Al d ) 100-x Si x , [formula 1]
  • MGTF metallic glass thin film
  • the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
  • a metallic glass means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement. In other words, the atomic arrangement in metallic glass is very different from that in metal with long-term continuous regular arrangement.
  • Metallic glass has advantages such as high thermo-stability, high tensile strength, high elasticity, high impact toughness, excellent anti-corrosion ability, and excellent magnetic properties (e.g. Fe, Co-based alloy). For example, a tensile strength and a Vickers hardness of a zirconium-based metallic glass are 1600 to 1800 MPa and 500 to 650 respectively, while the density thereof is only 5.9 to 6.7 kg/l.
  • Metallic glass thin film can be used to increase the anti-corrosion ability for medical tools. Corrosion is usually starting from defects such as grain boundaries, because chemical activity in grain boundaries is stronger. However, metallic glass has no grain boundaries or dislocation, and therefore has better anti-corrosion ability.
  • the cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film coated thereon of the present invention has a higher sharpness (lower Blade Sharpness Index of about 30%) than commercially available surgical knives, and therefore the cutting tool of the present invention is an improved medical cutting tool.
  • a cutting element is coated with a metallic glass thin film and therefore the sharpness of the cutting element can be improved.
  • the technique of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film of the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced, which is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has an excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
  • a cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon can increase the sharpness about 30% more than that of a commercial surgical knife, e.g. a BSI of the cutting tool of the present invention is about 0.2 to 0.28.
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 1 (i.e. zirconium-based metallic glass thin film), the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is preferably 0.23 to 0.28 (e.g. 0.25).
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 2 (i.e. zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film), the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is preferably 0.2 to 0.25 (e.g. 0.23).
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm (e.g. 200 nm).
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon of the present invention further comprises a buffering layer locating between the cutting element and the metallic glass thin film.
  • the buffering layer can be used to increase the adhesive force between the metallic glass thin film and the cutting element.
  • the thickness of the buffering layer is preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, e.g. 50 nm.
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the buffering layer is preferably made of titanium.
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon can preferably be a surgical knife, bone saw, or other applied equipment.
  • Cutting tools of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tools or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, or metal-cutting saws.
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon the hardness of the cutting tool is preferably 700 Hv to 800 Hv; more preferably 700 Hv to 750 Hv, e.g. 725 Hv or 740 Hv.
  • the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr 42 Cu 42 Al 8 Ag 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5.
  • the present invention further provides a method of forming a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) on a cutting element, which comprises steps: (A) providing a metallic glass target, and a composition of the metallic glass target is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2; and (B) sputtering to form the metallic glass thin film on a surface of the cutting element by using the metallic glass target as a cathode; (Zr a Cu b Ni c Al d ) 100-x Si x , [formula 1]
  • the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
  • a metallic glass thin film can be formed on a cutting element to improve the sharpness (i.e. decrease the blade sharpness index) of the cutting element.
  • the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
  • the metallic glass target can preferably be provided by the following steps: (A1) melting (such as arc melting) and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 1 or the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture; (A2) vacuum suction casting the ingot and cooling (such as water cooling) to form a sheet; and (A3) reprocessing the sheet to form the metallic glass target.
  • the cooling in the step (A2) is preferably rapid cooling.
  • the method is preferably used to improve (i.e. decrease) the blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting element.
  • the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, e.g. 200 nm.
  • the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element may further comprise a step (B0): forming a buffering layer on surface of the cutting element, in which the buffering layer can be made of titanium, and the thickness of the buffering layer can be 10 nm to 100 nm, e.g. 50 nm.
  • the cutting element can be pre-treated at the surface.
  • the surface of the cutting element can be grinding polished, electro-polished, or other treatments as known to the art.
  • the sputtering may be preferably performed with a gas pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa.
  • the sputtering may be preferably performed in an inert gas (such as He, Ne, Ar) or nitrogen gas atmosphere.
  • the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr 42 Cu 42 Al 8 Ag 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5.
  • the present invention also provides for a metallic glass cutting tool, which comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, the cutting element is made of a metallic glass, and a composition of the metallic glass is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2; (Zr a Cu b Ni c Al d ) 100-x Si x , [formula 1]
  • the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass), and a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • a metallic glass either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass
  • a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • a metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention is not coated with a metallic glass thin film, an excellent sharpness (low blade sharpness index) is realized.
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is made of metallic glass according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient.
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tools or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.
  • daily life-use cutting tools or military tools such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.
  • a metallic glass means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement. In other words, the atomic arrangement in metallic glass is very different from that in metal with long-term continuous regular arrangement.
  • Metallic glass has advantages such as high thermo-stability, high tensile strength, high elasticity, high impact toughness, excellent anti-corrosion ability, and excellent magnetic properties (e.g. Fe, Co-based alloy).
  • the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of zirconium-based metallic glass are 1600 to 1800 MPa and 500 to 650 respectively, while the density thereof is only 5.9 to 6.7 kg/l.
  • Metallic glass thin film can be used to increase the ability of anti-corrosion for medical tools. Corrosion is usually growing starting from defects such as grain boundaries, because chemical activity in grain boundaries is stronger. However, metallic glass has no grain boundaries or dislocation, and therefore has better anti-corrosion ability
  • the metallic glass cutting tool, the hardness of the cutting element is preferably 500 Hv to 600 Hv, e.g. 550 Hv or 570 Hv.
  • the metallic glass cutting tool, a blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool is preferably 0.25 to 0.30.
  • the metallic glass cutting tool when the composition of the metallic glass is represented by the formula 1, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.25 to 0.30, e.g. 0.26.
  • the metallic glass cutting tool when the composition of the metallic glass is represented by the formula 2, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.25 to 0.30, e.g. 0.25.
  • the metallic glass cutting tool may preferably be a knife, a saw, a blade, or a cutter wheel.
  • the metallic glass cutting tool, the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr 42 Cu 42 Al 8 Ag 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5.
  • the present invention further provide a method of providing a metallic glass cutting tool, which comprises: (A) melting (such as arc melting) and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 1 or the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture; (B) vacuum suction casting the ingot and rapid cooling (such as water cooling) to form a metallic glass sheet; and (C) reprocessing the metallic glass sheet to provide a cutting element having a sharpened portion, (Zr a Cu b Ni c Al d ) 100-x Si x , [formula 1]
  • composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass
  • composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
  • the provided metallic glass cutting tool the whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass) sheet, and a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • a metallic glass either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass
  • a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • the method of providing a metallic glass cutting tool in the step (C) the metallic glass sheet may be reprocessed preferably by cutting to provide the cutting element.
  • the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr 42 Cu 42 Al 8 Ag 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5.
  • the rapid cooling is preferably performed by water-cooling (e.g. cooling in a water-cooled copper mold).
  • FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass cutting tool in example 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass cutting tool in example 4 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass thin film-coated cutting tool in example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass thin film-coated cutting tool in example 2 of the present invention.
  • Raw materials are prepared in a composition of Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 and are stirred to give a mixture. The mixture is then arc-casted (using Lincoln electric INVERTEC V450-PRO) to provide an ingot in a circular shape.
  • the surface of the ingot is cleaned by, for example, removing the oxide layer on the surface of the ingot using a shotblasting machine followed by placing the ingot in a beaker filled with alchohol and ultrasonic-cleaning of the surface of the ingot. After that, the cleaned ingot is placed in a vacuum suction casting furnace to be vacuum-cast under an argon-atmosphere with controlled temperature (by a constant temperature control system), and followed by rapid-cooling to obtain a metallic glass alloy plate.
  • the alloy plate is cut by a wire-cut EDM to provide several blocks of targets (i.e. the metallic glass target of the present example) about 2 inches in diameter.
  • a commercial surgical knife is plated with a buffering layer having a thickness of 50 nm, in which the main composition of the buffering layer is titanium.
  • the metallic glass target is served as a cathode and the plated surgical knife for sputtering is served as an anode, and a DC Magnetron Sputter machine is used to form the metallic glass thin film of the present example.
  • the chamber of the sputtering machine is vacuumed to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa, argon gas is directed into the chamber and a DC high voltage is used during the sputtering process so as to form a zirconium-based metallic glass thin film (in a composition of (Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ) having a thickness of 200 nm on the buffering layer. Therefore, a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon of the present example is obtained.
  • MGTF metallic glass thin film
  • the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass target is then used to form/sputter a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film on a commercial surgical knife. Therefore, a cutting tool having a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass ((Zr 42 Cu 42 Al 8 Ag 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 ) thin film coated thereon of the present example is thus obtained.
  • Raw materials are prepared in a composition of Zr 53 Cu 30 Ni 9 Al 8 ) 99.5 Si 0.5 and are stirred to give a mixture. The mixture is then arc-casted (using Lincoln electric INVERTEC V450-PRO) to provide an ingot in a circular shape.
  • the surface of the ingot is cleaned by, for example, removing the oxide layer on the surface of the ingot using a shotblasting machine following by placing the ingot in a beaker filled with alchohol and ultrasonic-cleaning of the surface of the ingot.
  • the cleaned ingot is placed in a vacuum suction casting furnace to be vacuum-casted under an argon-atmosphere with controlled temperature (by a constant temperature control system), and followed by rapid-cooling to obtain a metallic glass alloy plate.
  • the alloy plate is cut to have the shape of a knife, and is then polished to have a thickness of 0.38 mm followed by blade-process to sharpen the blade.
  • an aluminium oxide suspension (with diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m) solution is used to polish to obtain the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool (knife) of the present example.
  • EDS Energy Dispersive Spectrometry
  • the cutting tools having an MGTF coated thereon and the metallic glass cutting tools according to the examples 1 to 4 are taken for component analysis by an energy dispersive spectrometry method, and the results are shown in the table 1 below.
  • Example 3 Atom % Atom % Atom % zirconium-based Zr 52.735 48.59 51.83 metallic glass Cu 29.85 25.63 29.65 Al 8.955 12.62 11.38 Ni 7.96 13.17 7.13 Si 0.5 0 0 zirconium-copper- Zr 41.79 42.66 41.02 based metallic Cu 41.79 45.04 41.54 Al 7.96 6.03 8.6 Ag 7.96 6.27 8.84 Si 0.5 0 0 0
  • X-ray scattering is performed using Shimadzu XRD-6000 to estimate the crystalline structure and properties of the metallic glass, in which the scattering angle 2 ⁇ of the X-ray diffraction ranges from 20 degrees to 80 degrees, and the scanning speed is 4°/min.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are X-ray diffraction analysis results of the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool, the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool, zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool of examples 3, 4, 1, 2 respectively.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are X-ray diffraction analysis results of the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool of examples 1 and 2, respectively.
  • X-ray penetrates the metallic glass thin film and reaches the cutting element, and therefore a crystallite peak diffracted from the cutting element is detected.
  • no other peaks are shown, which proves the thin films from the examples 1 and 2 are metallic glass thin films.
  • Amorphous metal means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement.
  • Amorphous metals also can be called liquid metals or non-crystalline metals, or glassy metals or metallic glass due to their similar behavior to glass of lacking long-term continuous regular arrangement.
  • Long-term continuous regular arrangement of the metal atoms usually occurs when an alloy is cooled with a slow cooling-rate.
  • the present testing example uses X-ray diffraction analysis to prove that the metallic glass and metallic glass thin film from the examples 1 to 4 are all in a metallic glass state.
  • the cutting tool coated with zirconium-based metallic glass thin film and the cutting tool coated with zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film according to the examples 1 and 2 respectively are fixed to an aluminum block and taken for their adhesive force test by using a J&L Tech Scratch Tester.
  • the method for obtaining the adhesive force comprises steps: smoothing the curve from the graph obtained by scratching test, and taking the first differentiation. After the differentiation, the value corresponding to the maximum is the desired minimum force that can destroy the film (i.e. the critical loading (Lc)).
  • the adhesive force of the zirconium-based and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin films to the cutting element in the examples 1 and 2 respectively are 53 N and 60 N. It can be seen that the adhesive force of the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film to the cutting element is higher than that of the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film, in which a higher adhesive force means that the film is more strongly bound.
  • the cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon and a cutting tool having a zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon according to the examples 1 and 2, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a nano-indentation test.
  • a nanoindenter (TriboLab, Hysitron, USA) is used for the nano-indentation test in the present testing example.
  • the depth (about 30 nm) of the indentation during the measurement should not be more than 1/10 of the film thickness. Five uniformly distributed press-points on the film are measured, and an average value is obtained to evaluate the hardness of the film.
  • the hardness of the zirconium-based and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin films of the examples 1 and 2 are 724 ⁇ 8.2 Hv and 742.3 ⁇ 7.6 Hv respectively, and the hardness of the commercial surgical knife is 760.7 ⁇ 10.9 Hv.
  • the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool of the examples 3 and 4, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a Micro-Vickers Hardness test.
  • a micro-Vickers hardness tester is used, the load weight is 500 g, and the loading time is 12 seconds.
  • the results show that the hardness of the metallic glass cutting tools of the examples 3 and 4 are 538.9 ⁇ 14.5 Hv and 563.1 ⁇ 6.8 Hv respectively, and the hardness of the commercial surgical knife is 753.4 ⁇ 12.0 Hv.
  • the cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon, the cutting tool having an zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon, the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool according to the examples 1 to 4, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a cutting capacity test.
  • the cutting tools are fixed by a clamp, then a rubber pad is cut by the cutting tools, and the force that is used for cutting the rubber pad is recorded, in which a cutting depth is 10 mm, a cutting speed is 9 mm/min, a thickness (t) of the rubber pad is 5 mm.
  • the data collected after the cutting capacity test is then calculated to obtain a blade sharpness index (BSI) for the cutting tool.
  • the information about the blade sharpness index (BSI) can reference to C. T. McCarthy, M. Hussey, M. D. Gilchrist. “On the sharpness of straight edge blades in cutting soft solids: Part I—indentation experiments”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, p. 2205-2224, 2007.
  • the blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon, the cutting tool having an zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon, the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool according to the examples 1 to 4, and a commercial surgical knife are 0.25, 0.23, 0.26, 0.25, 0.335 respectively (as shown in table 2 below).
  • the cutting tools of the examples 1 to 4 have a better blade sharpness index than that of the commercial surgical knife, which means the edge of the cutting tools of the examples 1 to 4 of the present invention is sharper than that of the commercial surgical knife. Therefore, when the cutting tool of the present invention is used as a surgical knife, a friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery.
  • a cutting element is coated with a metallic glass thin film and therefore the sharpness of the cutting element can be improved.
  • the technique of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film of the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has an excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
  • the whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass), a sharp cutting edge can be obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • a metallic glass either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass
  • a sharp cutting edge can be obtained after polishing (without any coated film).
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention is not coated with a metallic glass thin film, an excellent sharpness (low blade sharpness index) is realized.
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is made of the metallic glass according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient.
  • the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tool or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.
  • daily life-use cutting tool or military tools such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.

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Abstract

A cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon, a metallic glass cutting tool, and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. The cutting tool having metallic glass thin film coated thereon comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, and the cutting element is made of metal; and a metallic glass thin film coated on the cutting element, and the metallic glass is represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2,
(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
    • wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,
      (ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
    • 35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
The metallic glass cutting tool of the present invention comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, and the cutting element is made of a metallic glass represented by the above formula 1 or formula 2.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefits of the Taiwan Patent Application Serial Number 100139977, filed on Nov. 2, 2011, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon, a metallic glass cutting tool, and methods of fabricating the same and, more particularly, to a cutting tool having an MGTF and a metallic glass cutting tool which can be used independently as, for example, knives, saws, blades, or cutter wheels; and methods of fabricating the same.
2. Description of Related Art
Cutting tools such as knives or saws are used as equipment such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws. Those cutting tools are usually made of stainless steel, ceramic, high-carbon steel, tungsten steel, or etc. Martensitic stainless steel is the most used material to manufacture medical knives and other equipment due to the advantages of being, for example, easy to obtain, easy to process, and low cost. For cutting tools, key requirements are to have enough hardness, sharpness, chemical-resistance, corrosion resistance, and less adhesive property. Also, for commercial purposes, it is desired to be easily produced, and have a low-manufacturing cost.
As for estimating the sharpness of a knife, a Blade Sharpness Index (BSI) can be used with tests and calculations (C. T. McCarthy, M. Hussey, M. D. Gilchrist. “On the sharpness of straight edge blades in cutting soft solids: Part I—indentation experiments”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, p. 2205-2224, 2007). The sharpness represents efficiency of cutting. For example, the better the sharpness (a lower Blade Sharpness Index) the more efficient the cut, which can help realize a short recovery time for patients following surgery.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide an improved material for providing cutting tools having high sharpness (low Blade Sharpness Index) with low manufacturing cost, which can be used for medical, daily life, and industrial purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hence, the present invention provides a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon, which comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, and the cutting element is made of metal; and a metallic glass thin film which is coated on the cutting element, and a composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2,
(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,
(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
In the present invention, the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
“A metallic glass” means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement. In other words, the atomic arrangement in metallic glass is very different from that in metal with long-term continuous regular arrangement. Metallic glass has advantages such as high thermo-stability, high tensile strength, high elasticity, high impact toughness, excellent anti-corrosion ability, and excellent magnetic properties (e.g. Fe, Co-based alloy). For example, a tensile strength and a Vickers hardness of a zirconium-based metallic glass are 1600 to 1800 MPa and 500 to 650 respectively, while the density thereof is only 5.9 to 6.7 kg/l. Metallic glass thin film can be used to increase the anti-corrosion ability for medical tools. Corrosion is usually starting from defects such as grain boundaries, because chemical activity in grain boundaries is stronger. However, metallic glass has no grain boundaries or dislocation, and therefore has better anti-corrosion ability.
When a surgical knife is coated with metallic glass thin film, the surface roughness can be decreased so the friction force can be reduced and thus is favorable for the recovery of surgery patients (e.g. following microsurgical repair of a nerve). Through experiments, it is proved that the cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film coated thereon of the present invention has a higher sharpness (lower Blade Sharpness Index of about 30%) than commercially available surgical knives, and therefore the cutting tool of the present invention is an improved medical cutting tool.
According to the present invention, a cutting element is coated with a metallic glass thin film and therefore the sharpness of the cutting element can be improved. The technique of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film of the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced, which is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has an excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
According to the present invention, a cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon can increase the sharpness about 30% more than that of a commercial surgical knife, e.g. a BSI of the cutting tool of the present invention is about 0.2 to 0.28.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 1 (i.e. zirconium-based metallic glass thin film), the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is preferably 0.23 to 0.28 (e.g. 0.25).
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 2 (i.e. zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film), the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is preferably 0.2 to 0.25 (e.g. 0.23).
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm (e.g. 200 nm).
Preferably, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon of the present invention further comprises a buffering layer locating between the cutting element and the metallic glass thin film. The buffering layer can be used to increase the adhesive force between the metallic glass thin film and the cutting element.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the thickness of the buffering layer is preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, e.g. 50 nm.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the buffering layer is preferably made of titanium.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the cutting tool can preferably be a surgical knife, bone saw, or other applied equipment. Cutting tools of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tools or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, or metal-cutting saws.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the hardness of the cutting tool is preferably 700 Hv to 800 Hv; more preferably 700 Hv to 750 Hv, e.g. 725 Hv or 740 Hv.
According to the present invention, the cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon, the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5.
The present invention further provides a method of forming a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) on a cutting element, which comprises steps: (A) providing a metallic glass target, and a composition of the metallic glass target is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2; and (B) sputtering to form the metallic glass thin film on a surface of the cutting element by using the metallic glass target as a cathode;
(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,
(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
In the present invention, the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass thin film according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, a metallic glass thin film can be formed on a cutting element to improve the sharpness (i.e. decrease the blade sharpness index) of the cutting element. The method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, the metallic glass target can preferably be provided by the following steps: (A1) melting (such as arc melting) and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 1 or the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture; (A2) vacuum suction casting the ingot and cooling (such as water cooling) to form a sheet; and (A3) reprocessing the sheet to form the metallic glass target.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, the cooling in the step (A2) is preferably rapid cooling.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, the method is preferably used to improve (i.e. decrease) the blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting element.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, in the step (B), the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, e.g. 200 nm.
Before the step (B), the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element may further comprise a step (B0): forming a buffering layer on surface of the cutting element, in which the buffering layer can be made of titanium, and the thickness of the buffering layer can be 10 nm to 100 nm, e.g. 50 nm.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, before the step (B), the cutting element can be pre-treated at the surface. For example, the surface of the cutting element can be grinding polished, electro-polished, or other treatments as known to the art.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, in the step (B), the sputtering may be preferably performed with a gas pressure of 1×10−4 Pa to 1×10−2 Pa.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, in the step (B), the sputtering may be preferably performed in an inert gas (such as He, Ne, Ar) or nitrogen gas atmosphere.
According to the method of the present invention for forming an MGTF on a cutting element, the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5.
The present invention also provides for a metallic glass cutting tool, which comprises: a cutting element having a sharpened portion, the cutting element is made of a metallic glass, and a composition of the metallic glass is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2;
(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,
(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
In the present invention, the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass-cutting tool whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass), and a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film). In detail, even though the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention is not coated with a metallic glass thin film, an excellent sharpness (low blade sharpness index) is realized. The metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is made of metallic glass according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient. The metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tools or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.
“A metallic glass” means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement. In other words, the atomic arrangement in metallic glass is very different from that in metal with long-term continuous regular arrangement. Metallic glass has advantages such as high thermo-stability, high tensile strength, high elasticity, high impact toughness, excellent anti-corrosion ability, and excellent magnetic properties (e.g. Fe, Co-based alloy). For example, the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of zirconium-based metallic glass are 1600 to 1800 MPa and 500 to 650 respectively, while the density thereof is only 5.9 to 6.7 kg/l. Metallic glass thin film can be used to increase the ability of anti-corrosion for medical tools. Corrosion is usually growing starting from defects such as grain boundaries, because chemical activity in grain boundaries is stronger. However, metallic glass has no grain boundaries or dislocation, and therefore has better anti-corrosion ability
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, the hardness of the cutting element is preferably 500 Hv to 600 Hv, e.g. 550 Hv or 570 Hv.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, a blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool is preferably 0.25 to 0.30.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, when the composition of the metallic glass is represented by the formula 1, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.25 to 0.30, e.g. 0.26.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, when the composition of the metallic glass is represented by the formula 2, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.25 to 0.30, e.g. 0.25.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, the cutting tool may preferably be a knife, a saw, a blade, or a cutter wheel.
According to the present invention, the metallic glass cutting tool, the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5.
The present invention further provide a method of providing a metallic glass cutting tool, which comprises: (A) melting (such as arc melting) and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 1 or the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture; (B) vacuum suction casting the ingot and rapid cooling (such as water cooling) to form a metallic glass sheet; and (C) reprocessing the metallic glass sheet to provide a cutting element having a sharpened portion,
(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,
(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
Herein, the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 1 is a composition of a zirconium-based metallic glass; and the composition of the metallic glass according to the formula 2 is a composition of a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass.
According to the present invention, the provided metallic glass cutting tool, the whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass) sheet, and a sharp cutting edge is obtained after polishing (without any coated film). In detail, even though the metallic glass-cutting tool made by the present invention is not coated with a metallic glass thin film, an excellent sharpness (low blade sharpness index) is realized. The metallic glass-cutting tool made by the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is made of a metallic glass according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient According to the present invention, the method of providing a metallic glass cutting tool in the step (C), the metallic glass sheet may be reprocessed preferably by cutting to provide the cutting element.
According to the present invention for providing a metallic glass cutting tool, the [formula 1] is preferably (Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5; and the [formula 2] is preferably (Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5.
According to the present invention for providing a metallic glass cutting tool, in the step (B), the rapid cooling is preferably performed by water-cooling (e.g. cooling in a water-cooled copper mold).
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass cutting tool in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass cutting tool in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass thin film-coated cutting tool in example 1 of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction analysis result of the metallic glass thin film-coated cutting tool in example 2 of the present invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. It is to be understood, however, that these examples are illustrative only and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
EXAMPLE 1 Forming of Cutting Tool Having a Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass ((Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5) Coated Thereon
1. Preparation of Target
Raw materials are prepared in a composition of Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5 and are stirred to give a mixture. The mixture is then arc-casted (using Lincoln electric INVERTEC V450-PRO) to provide an ingot in a circular shape.
The surface of the ingot is cleaned by, for example, removing the oxide layer on the surface of the ingot using a shotblasting machine followed by placing the ingot in a beaker filled with alchohol and ultrasonic-cleaning of the surface of the ingot. After that, the cleaned ingot is placed in a vacuum suction casting furnace to be vacuum-cast under an argon-atmosphere with controlled temperature (by a constant temperature control system), and followed by rapid-cooling to obtain a metallic glass alloy plate. The alloy plate is cut by a wire-cut EDM to provide several blocks of targets (i.e. the metallic glass target of the present example) about 2 inches in diameter.
2. Sputtering to Form Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass Thin Film
A commercial surgical knife is plated with a buffering layer having a thickness of 50 nm, in which the main composition of the buffering layer is titanium.
Then, the metallic glass target is served as a cathode and the plated surgical knife for sputtering is served as an anode, and a DC Magnetron Sputter machine is used to form the metallic glass thin film of the present example. The chamber of the sputtering machine is vacuumed to 1×10−4 Pa to 1×10−2 Pa, argon gas is directed into the chamber and a DC high voltage is used during the sputtering process so as to form a zirconium-based metallic glass thin film (in a composition of (Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5) having a thickness of 200 nm on the buffering layer. Therefore, a cutting tool having a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) coated thereon of the present example is obtained.
EXAMPLE 2 Formation of Cutting Tool Having a Zirconium-Copper-Based Metallic Glass ((Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5) Thin Film Coated Thereon
Except that the composition of the raw materials is changed into ((Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5), other conditions and materials used in the present example are the same as those shown in the example 1, so as to form the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass target of the present example.
The zirconium-copper-based metallic glass target is then used to form/sputter a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film on a commercial surgical knife. Therefore, a cutting tool having a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass ((Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5) thin film coated thereon of the present example is thus obtained.
EXAMPLE 3 Formation of Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass ((Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5) Cutting Tool
Raw materials are prepared in a composition of Zr53Cu30Ni9Al8)99.5Si0.5 and are stirred to give a mixture. The mixture is then arc-casted (using Lincoln electric INVERTEC V450-PRO) to provide an ingot in a circular shape.
The surface of the ingot is cleaned by, for example, removing the oxide layer on the surface of the ingot using a shotblasting machine following by placing the ingot in a beaker filled with alchohol and ultrasonic-cleaning of the surface of the ingot. After that, the cleaned ingot is placed in a vacuum suction casting furnace to be vacuum-casted under an argon-atmosphere with controlled temperature (by a constant temperature control system), and followed by rapid-cooling to obtain a metallic glass alloy plate. The alloy plate is cut to have the shape of a knife, and is then polished to have a thickness of 0.38 mm followed by blade-process to sharpen the blade. After that, an aluminium oxide suspension (with diameter of 0.05 μm) solution is used to polish to obtain the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool (knife) of the present example.
EXAMPLE 4 Formation of Zirconium-Copper-Based Metallic Glass ((Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5) Cutting Tool
Except that the composition of the raw materials is changed into ((Zr42Cu42Al8Ag8)99.5Si0.5), other conditions and materials used in the present example is the same as those shown in the example 3, so as to form the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool (knife) of the present example.
TESTING EXAMPLE 1 Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) Analysis
The cutting tools having an MGTF coated thereon and the metallic glass cutting tools according to the examples 1 to 4 are taken for component analysis by an energy dispersive spectrometry method, and the results are shown in the table 1 below.
As shown in the table 1, since the content of silicon is only 0.5 at. %, which is too rare to be detected, there is no silicon-relative peak being detected, but the detected peaks of zirconium, aluminum, copper, nickel, silver are revealed in a reasonable range.
TABLE 1
Theory Example 1 Example 3
Atom % Atom % Atom %
zirconium-based Zr 52.735 48.59 51.83
metallic glass Cu 29.85 25.63 29.65
Al 8.955 12.62 11.38
Ni 7.96 13.17 7.13
Si 0.5 0 0
zirconium-copper- Zr 41.79 42.66 41.02
based metallic Cu 41.79 45.04 41.54
Al 7.96 6.03 8.6
Ag 7.96 6.27 8.84
Si 0.5 0 0
TESTING EXAMPLE 2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
X-ray scattering is performed using Shimadzu XRD-6000 to estimate the crystalline structure and properties of the metallic glass, in which the scattering angle 2θ of the X-ray diffraction ranges from 20 degrees to 80 degrees, and the scanning speed is 4°/min.
FIGS. 1 to 4 are X-ray diffraction analysis results of the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool, the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool, zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool of examples 3, 4, 1, 2 respectively. According to the FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen that only a broad peak (at 2θ=30 to 50 degrees) is shown, no sharp peak appears in the figures, which means the cutting tools provided from the examples 3 and 4 are metallic glass cutting tools.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are X-ray diffraction analysis results of the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film cutting tool of examples 1 and 2, respectively. According to the FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that crystallite peaks (2θ=44.67°, 65.02°) are shown, which belong to peaks of the cutting element itself (confirmed by JPCDS CARD), instead of the metallic glass thin film. In detail, X-ray penetrates the metallic glass thin film and reaches the cutting element, and therefore a crystallite peak diffracted from the cutting element is detected. Thus, after the elimination of those crystallite peaks, no other peaks are shown, which proves the thin films from the examples 1 and 2 are metallic glass thin films.
“An amorphous metal” means that the metal atoms in the amorphous metal have no long-term continuous regular arrangement, but only short term-regular arrangement. Amorphous metals also can be called liquid metals or non-crystalline metals, or glassy metals or metallic glass due to their similar behavior to glass of lacking long-term continuous regular arrangement. Long-term continuous regular arrangement of the metal atoms usually occurs when an alloy is cooled with a slow cooling-rate. In contrast, metallic glass alloys are formed when the alloy is cooled with a very fast cooling-rate, e.g. 106 to 1010K/sec. Under an X-ray diffraction test, a broad band can be observed with the metallic glass alloys at a low diffraction angle (i.e. 2θ=30 to 50 degree), while a sharp peak is revealed with a crystalline metal alloy.
The present testing example uses X-ray diffraction analysis to prove that the metallic glass and metallic glass thin film from the examples 1 to 4 are all in a metallic glass state.
TESTING EXAMPLE 3 Thin Film Scratching Test
The cutting tool coated with zirconium-based metallic glass thin film and the cutting tool coated with zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film according to the examples 1 and 2 respectively are fixed to an aluminum block and taken for their adhesive force test by using a J&L Tech Scratch Tester.
The method for obtaining the adhesive force comprises steps: smoothing the curve from the graph obtained by scratching test, and taking the first differentiation. After the differentiation, the value corresponding to the maximum is the desired minimum force that can destroy the film (i.e. the critical loading (Lc)).
According to the present testing example, the adhesive force of the zirconium-based and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin films to the cutting element in the examples 1 and 2 respectively are 53 N and 60 N. It can be seen that the adhesive force of the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin film to the cutting element is higher than that of the zirconium-based metallic glass thin film, in which a higher adhesive force means that the film is more strongly bound.
TESTING EXAMPLE 4 Hardness Test
1. Nano-Indentation Test
The cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon and a cutting tool having a zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon according to the examples 1 and 2, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a nano-indentation test. A nanoindenter (TriboLab, Hysitron, USA) is used for the nano-indentation test in the present testing example. The depth (about 30 nm) of the indentation during the measurement should not be more than 1/10 of the film thickness. Five uniformly distributed press-points on the film are measured, and an average value is obtained to evaluate the hardness of the film. According to the result, the hardness of the zirconium-based and zirconium-copper-based metallic glass thin films of the examples 1 and 2 are 724±8.2 Hv and 742.3±7.6 Hv respectively, and the hardness of the commercial surgical knife is 760.7±10.9 Hv.
2. Micro-Vickers Hardness Test
The zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool of the examples 3 and 4, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a Micro-Vickers Hardness test. A micro-Vickers hardness tester is used, the load weight is 500 g, and the loading time is 12 seconds. The results show that the hardness of the metallic glass cutting tools of the examples 3 and 4 are 538.9±14.5 Hv and 563.1±6.8 Hv respectively, and the hardness of the commercial surgical knife is 753.4±12.0 Hv.
TESTING EXAMPLE 5 Cutting Capacity Test
The cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon, the cutting tool having an zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon, the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool according to the examples 1 to 4, and a commercial surgical knife are taken to a cutting capacity test. For the test, the cutting tools are fixed by a clamp, then a rubber pad is cut by the cutting tools, and the force that is used for cutting the rubber pad is recorded, in which a cutting depth is 10 mm, a cutting speed is 9 mm/min, a thickness (t) of the rubber pad is 5 mm. The data collected after the cutting capacity test is then calculated to obtain a blade sharpness index (BSI) for the cutting tool. The information about the blade sharpness index (BSI) can reference to C. T. McCarthy, M. Hussey, M. D. Gilchrist. “On the sharpness of straight edge blades in cutting soft solids: Part I—indentation experiments”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, p. 2205-2224, 2007.
After calculation, the blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool having a zirconium-based MGTF coated thereon, the cutting tool having an zirconium-copper-based MGTF coated thereon, the zirconium-based metallic glass cutting tool, and the zirconium-copper-based metallic glass cutting tool according to the examples 1 to 4, and a commercial surgical knife are 0.25, 0.23, 0.26, 0.25, 0.335 respectively (as shown in table 2 below).
TABLE 2
blade sharpness index (BSI)
Example 1 0.25
Example 2 0.23
Example 3 0.26
Example 4 0.25
commercial 0.335
surgical knife
From the above testing result, the cutting tools of the examples 1 to 4 have a better blade sharpness index than that of the commercial surgical knife, which means the edge of the cutting tools of the examples 1 to 4 of the present invention is sharper than that of the commercial surgical knife. Therefore, when the cutting tool of the present invention is used as a surgical knife, a friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery.
As mention above, according to the present invention, a cutting element is coated with a metallic glass thin film and therefore the sharpness of the cutting element can be improved. The technique of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is coated with a metallic glass thin film of the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient after the surgery. Also, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention has an excellent adhesive force so the metallic glass thin film is not easily peeled, which means the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can have a long lifespan. Furthermore, by experiment, it is proved that the metallic glass thin film of the present invention can improve the hardness of a cutting tool.
Moreover, according to the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention, since the whole cutting element is made from a metallic glass (either a zirconium-based metallic glass or a zirconium-copper-based metallic glass), a sharp cutting edge can be obtained after polishing (without any coated film). In detail, even though the metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention is not coated with a metallic glass thin film, an excellent sharpness (low blade sharpness index) is realized. The metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of cutting tools. For example, when a surgical knife is made of the metallic glass according to the present invention, surface roughness is decreased so the friction force during the surgical operation can be reduced and thus is favorable for shortening the recovery time for the patient. The metallic glass-cutting tool of the present invention may also be applied to daily life-use cutting tool or military tools, such as cooking knives, surgical knives, military knives, art tooling knives, industrial knives, carpentry saws, medical saws, and metal-cutting saws, with high cutting efficiency.
Although the present invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

Claims (21)

What is claimed is:
1. A cutting tool having a metallic glass (MGTF) coated thereon, which comprises:
a cutting element having a sharpened portion, and the cutting element is made of metal;
a metallic glass thin film which is coated on the cutting element, and a composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2; and
a buffering layer locating between the cutting element and the metallic glass thin film, and the thickness of the buffering layer is 10 nm to 100nm,

(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,

(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
2. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 1, wherein a blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool is 0.2 to 0.28.
3. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 1, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.23 to 0.28.
4. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the composition of the metallic glass thin film is represented by the formula 2, the blade sharpness index of the cutting tool is 0.2-0.25.
5. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is 100 nm to 500 nm.
6. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is a knife, a. saw, a blade, or a. cutter wheel.
7. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting tool has a hardness of 700 Hv to 800 Hv.
8. The cutting tool having an MGTF coated thereon as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cutting tool has a hardness of 700 Hv to 750 Hv.
9. A method of forming a metallic glass thin film (MGTF) on a cutting element, which comprises steps:
(A) providing a metallic glass target, and a composition of the metallic glass target is represented by a following formula 1 or formula 2; and
(B) sputtering to form the metallic glass thin film on a surface of the cutting ent by using the metallic glass target as a cathode;

(ZraCubNicAld)100-xSix,  [formula 1]
wherein 45=<a=<75, 25=<b=<35, 5=<c=<15, 5=<d=<15, 0.1=<x=<10,

(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
10. The method of forming an MGTF on a cutting element as claimed in claim 9, wherein the metallic glass target is provided by the following steps:
(A1) melting and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 1 or the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture;
(A2) vacuum suction casting the ingot and cooling to form a sheet; and
(A3) reprocessing the sheet to form the metallic glass target.
11. The method of forming an MGTF on a cutting element as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cooling in the step (A2) is rapid cooling.
12. The method of forming an MGTF on a cutting element as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step (B), the thickness of the metallic glass thin film is 100 nm to 500 nm.
13. The method of forming an MGTF on a cutting element as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step (B), the sputtering is performed with a gas pressure of 1×10−4 Pa to 1×10−2 Pa.
14. The method of forming an MGTF on a cutting element as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step (B), the sputtering is performed in an inert gas or nitrogen gas atmosphere.
15. A metallic glass cutting tool, which comprises:
a cutting element having a sharpened portion, the cutting element is made of a metallic glass, and a composition of the metallic glass is represented by a following formula 2;

(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
16. The metallic glass cutting tool as claimed in claim 15, wherein the hardness of the cutting element is 500 Hv to 600 Hv.
17. The metallic glass cutting tool as claimed in claim 16, wherein the hardness of the cutting element is 500 Hv to 550 Hv.
18. The metallic glass cutting tool as claim in claim 15, wherein the blade sharpness index (BSI) of the cutting tool is 0.25 to 0.30.
19. The metallic glass cutting tool as claimed in claim 15, wherein the cutting tool is a knife, a saw, a blade, or a cutter wheel.
20. A method of providing the metallic glass cutting tool of claim 15, which comprises:
(A) melting and mixing raw materials in a composition according to the formula 2 and forming an ingot from the mixture;
(B) vacuum suction casting the ingot and rapid cooling to form a metallic glass sheet; and
(C) reprocessing the metallic glass sheet to provide a cutting element having a sharpened portion,

(ZreCufAggAlh)100-ySiy,  [formula 2]
35=<e=<55, 35=<f=<55, 5=<g=<15, 5=<h=<15, 0.1=<y=<10.
21. The method of providing a metallic glass cutting tool as claimed, in claim 20, wherein in the step (C), the metallic glass sheet is reprocessed by cutting to provide the cutting element.
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