US927416A - Hydrocarbon-burner. - Google Patents

Description

H` LEMP. HYDROGARBON BURNER. APPLICATION FILED DE. 1B, 1901.

Patented July 6, 1909.

WiC'neSseS;

the flame therefrom, and while it is shown as vbeing horizontal it may be otherwise arstraight, but they need notI be mathematically so, since the essential features are to have them near enough to the baffle plate to be acted upon by the flames in a manner to automatically vary the heating surface in accordance with the demand and cause the liquid fuel to be kept in its propel` place.

Mounted in a support carried by the base is a tubular support 8; this support is provided at its upper end with a soc et 9 for receiving the end of the horizontally extending portion of the vaporizing tube 5, and also with a removable plug or nozzle 10 having a central fuel opening through which the needle 11 is adapted to project. It will be observed that the cross-section of the bore of the nozzle is very small compared to that of the vaporizer. By reason of this arrangement a large supply of vapor is always on hand to feed the burner, and there is no dan-r ger of liquid fuel being entrained therewith.

Betweenl the body of oil in the vaprizing tube 2 and the burner there is always maintained a body of vapor which is `gradually superheated as it passes through the head and the tube 5. Accordingly when the temperature of kerosene is gradually raised to the (point of vaporization and then superheated there is less dangerdue to cracking or earbonization, as would be the case if the oil were suddenly brought into contact 'with redhot metal. `Thus the drainage receptacles commonly used with burners of this class may be dispensed with. The wall surrounding the nozzle opening should be long enough to impart a. definite direction to the vapor stream, since this will improve the operation of the burner by causing the vapor to mingle with the proper amount of air at all times. It is to be remembered that this burner is intended to operate over wide ranges in pressure, hence the size of the nozzle opening with respect to the cross-sectional area of the vaporizer, andespeeially the relation of the nozzle to the baille plate, is of great importance. Owing to the use of a single opening with a high velocity vapor jet and horizontal ballle plate of considerable area the tendency to back-fire is largely eliminated. The air dees not mix with the vapor until after it strikes the ballleplate, and in this manner my invention is differentiated from the Bunsen type of burner wherein the air is entrained with the vapor as it passes through a tube.

The portion of the tube 5`whieh enters the socket 9 extends horizontally for some little distance over the trays and asbestos 7 3 this is to insure the proper heating of the vaporizing tube for starting, and the tube as a Whole insures that the fuel vapor shall be raised to a high temperature before it passes into the nozzle. y

The needle 11 is carried by a spindle which makes a working fit with the bore of the tubular support 8. On the lower end of the supportfisa stuffing box 12 to prevent leaking of the vapor at that point. actuating the needle from a point below the nozzle opening, and being careful that the needle itself does not extend above it the desired character of the flame can be preserved. Carried by the tubular support is a nut llthat supports the tray. Situated directly over the needle and 1nount ed on the tube 5is an adjustable baflling plate 14 havingr a horizontal baHling surface which is circular` or disk-shaped to distribute the flames from the burner. The baffle plate must resent a smooth under surface of con-- sidera )le area and be situated in close proximity to the end of the nozzle, so that the vapor et issuing under high velocity will strike it and be deflected laterally in a manf ner to pickup'the proper amount of air. If

, the baffle plate is too near or too far from the end of the nozzle the flame will be yellow and give off lots of smoke. lf too far away, when the velocity of the vapor is very high, the flame is liable to go out. The baffle plate is preferably, although not necessarily, supported by one of the va orizing tubes. T he vapor is deflected into t 1e space surrounding the baffle plate and according to vthe processes that take place in'this space it may be divided into zones, viz: that area from the center ol' the baffle plate to a distance somewhat be# yond its periphery in which the vapor combines with oxygen, and the area next beyond and concentric therewith in which combustion occurs, and these for convenience may .be termed the vaporrearbureting zone and the combustion zone respectively. It is irnperativethat the earbureting zone be en- 119 tirely free from ol'istructions, for the reason that an obstruction may act as' an impediment to ther deflected vapor, diminishing the force to such an extent that the vapor failsto incorporate enough air, and it ignites in the space around the obstruction, if the latter be of sufficient size, and burns withv a yellow smoky flame. For successful o eration, the vapor after being once baffle( must meet with no interference between the time it 123 leaves the baffle plate and the time it ignites, as any interference prevents the vapor from picking up sufficient air to enable combustion with the blue flame. Aceordinglv the position of the vaporizing tubes relatively `to the V35 baflle plate is of particular importance. These are located so that suflieient space is afforded around the baffle plate to insure complete carlnn'eting of the vapor and also its ignition before the burning vapor reaches 13C 'Il Il li lfllpolizlllgg t'dllllfl. :lll otlllel' wordt Lilo porilllllggg' tulle@ illust llo tuitnllly l'omolo lildm th@ pei'ipllol'y on tile lm'llle plato and loolltod in tlm mono ol" oomluttion. lll owwtilzle the llltllle bond over the platte in Such ll llll'tllllol' that they strlso tlm head 4l :lull koop l'lefl llot Willi@ ill ol'vic. ,ll lutvo .Found it l'lllllel'atllle to llllllio tlllr lllllllo platte l'olmll smal pol'mt it 'to project lloyollll the plano ol tl'll-l "Votum-lining ttllm, orgulloso it Will than diei-- tl'lllofto tlm ,f'lflllol' tlfoll amd moo@ it to piola up tlm llolxoflml'mlf ltlllollllt ol lil to lll/tolli conm plot@ ooll'llallsatloll, lily ollpol'ilnvnt l llfwo lllatul'-lllllloll tht-t lll@ .tomaia litllfool'l tlll` (md ol tlllu Bottle und tllo lltllllo llllltl-l tlllo'llld not llo .l l'o tllllll ont lod on@ llllll illolllllaa ol' loos than tlll'o-lml'tlls ol :tu :llllzll 'to :lttz'lill tlm llwlt l'l-vsllltl'l.

Ello moodle ll not quito so lm'g'e t; tho l'llol opleiding in tlm plug lll, sind So dol-ligllod tllllt Wlllell illsol'tod tllol'lein it will pol'lllt :l lm'tllill lllnollllt ol Vapor to @lampo ll'om tllo volpol'lwel' doll llo lolll'lloll, tllo ulootlllt ol millor tllus lrollsulllod loting sull'lcient to lcoop tho pulls lult, lzllorolly installing tllllt tlw` lmz'll/l' will be jnolllptly stlll'tod into opal',- lltioll, :Llull tlli :tllollt olljootiolllllllo ollol'. .lllllY lmedl umlttltllta@ :1 slluondzll'y l'ofefjllltltol'Y Mld it; not illtolldod to regulate tlllr` .supply ol' l'lllll to tlm llul'uel' milder o'rlllmll'y conditions; ol' tunning, tllill lmillgf tltllln com olE by a suit- :llllo sylltelll ol l'oglllzltiou. lflllclu'od to tlm lowofl' mill ol'" tllo 'llolllllllay is l laval' l5 lol' lois@ img' lllll'l. loll/@ling it; this lover cm1 lo@l lllltlltltld il.'l :my desired minimi', titille? lor' @looming lello lllll'llol' ol' l'lastl'llztlllg tllle. l'uol optelling'. lll llllelitlon to tol'vlllg als l medios lol' lwlul-,illg' 'the llamo to tl, point bdlow 'that du@ to tilt out m :ntic l'ogulatlng ayt-tolli, tlm nood l@ ltlso towel; to koop 'tlm opolllng ill tlm nosmlo lll' ololoi.

lt will llo Sleen that lijf' the all:` ,mont dolmilmd :l lllll'llel' is pitovldd which nl Clipo blo ol furnishing' the neusszm'y limit to moet tlm gil/on. changes in collllitimls, md ov ll,

simple `lll-witze Suc/ll its 2l needl tlm llame slm lm l'oduced to :lut'll o, point that 'it will lmao tlm parts llot,m1d boing Witllill at Sllitalllo leasing is .not allotted by gdatei ol wind.

' The burin-ll' is intended lillol'l, ospmrilllly l'ol' kerosene, md opl'lites mllvoossll'llly modul' wille variations in pressure. The, humm' is mom espciltlly intended lol' um on fallido/3,'

:lud good pme/tice dictate@ that the Vapor pressure m1 the nozzle Sllllll Ilot lie lost tlnlll about lil/le, pounds per Squaw lus-ll when tlm vehicle is standing idle, or greater tllzm lil'ty to sixty pounds `when the velliclo it in :lull operation.

By reason ol tlm parts boing lll'l'llllg'ed u@ specified, the immer il; mlptllilo of lllullillg; itl-blossom undol' :l 'wille nung@ ol prost-mm] :tml with. :l lllulo lllllllln wllloll ,gallos llo odol'. lllo llrl'lllggolllollt ol till: plll'tfs also litem-off: good. ltllllllstloll ltlld l'l'lnodom li 'olli toot. 'lfllo lim dll@ to tlm mmol- 'lll' l ll'olll tllll Bottle lllll'lcl ploslllll'c, @trikot tlm llll'l'llo pluto lllll'l lspl'llulrl llxtm'ully; tlxio www.; tlm l'lnlullt to onvolo'i'l lllo 'lfnpol'lzillg lulwnl il und ."3 to at gl'lmltfl' ol' loss extent :md lunl tlllm to smell o. tcrllpol'lltul'u als will mllintzllin the lfllol in vapor lol-n1. ils lille pl'ossuro on tlml humm' is incloalsod du@ to :l suitable lvgulnting' lllocllllllirsm to colupmlslllo lol' on inl'l'oflswd dolllzmd iol' stozlm, tlm llltmos will vnvtlop lllol'o ol tlm?v valpol'lzol' tllllosl, lill f-l inlrlla'lsiog -tlloll' oztpzuaity lol' vorpol'izaillg' loolA lo otllm' words, :lll tllo bui'lml' pl'osesm'o colmillos, more ol' loss ol' tlm tubos 1will llo lu'oug'llt into 1li-- 1('ontzlfftwith tlm llllmol; mld `tlwii' moo lullig' olllot will lio ontol'ool'il'nlly und corroslpolldiliglg." clmllgtd, ll'lloll tllo pl'osllsdl'o is low tlmy pol-tions ol tlloltullus directly' in, lille willi. tlmr bolliti pluto will llo tlll, hottest, lint :ts tho pl'oflaurl, oli] tlmA lml'lwl' is inmoaxsvd lly :l leuitallllo l'l-egullltol', the llontld ozll't oi' zooo will extend ovol' ll ggl'olttlli' nien. 'lllill lust duo to tlml illcf'ozlflod ztlllount ol Vapor tllltt is ooulllllnoll lll@ tulle :l boing iol'liood, l gleotol' llmolmt ol luol is ollpollod 'to tlm alf'tlon ol tlzo llnluo :it :my giver; point tlmll will-:ro tllo vlpol'izel is vol'tiicltl. 'lllis is ovl-- dont wllllll it il; tomidw'od tlmt il' tllo tlllw. 13 Wmo out :lo :t horizontal plxmo tllo and would popoli? lo; all elliot@ ,ln r-ltltl'ting `tile lml'nol' into o'llol'lltion, lillel attllostos 'l is; Sastul'llrtoll, with liol'oosmlu ol' Solido otllol' illllltmnutllll ll'mtol'iltl, :md :L .ligllltod lllzltli lo applied to tlm lowvl' mld ol' tllu domiwlll'dIgnoxtoodlng violi lli. 'lllo llltllio lollmlfs tlw 'wink up to tlm tl'zty, ltod they lll'o spreads owl' tlw :tslmlltofs and lloaltf-l tlm lll'll'izolltftl portion ol tlml 'vflpol'izcoi' tulle 5. As :moll its; tllo vlpol'iftm' is lll-lita! to tlw propol' tomiloratll'o, any lool wllioll passes through tlm tllllo into tlm tubo will llo converted into vapor, mld as tlm lloat in- (vl'oltlsos So will the tnmpol'lttul'e ol tlm tulws. lt is pl'ofol'ltlllo to milko tlm tulle 5 of smell :t simo mld ol suoli material that it is allotted .fl little mom quickly than it the tulle 2. By tllis; moans tlm proper :wlount ollv heated 'vzlpol' il; allwltys inslul'ed, :ind when the tem,- 'loxtttul'o msttol'idlly' inlll'olttoa, duo to tlm argo amount ol l'llcl consumed, tho ll'll'eot of till@r vltpolifam's is; ilml'ozlsod.

lll tllo lfollstluction of llul'nol's olf the class to 'Wllioll this .invention relates, tllenozzle should llo placed lollttively naar the lnll'lle plate, :md tllo volooity 0l the escaping Vapor lOl) 1. In a jet burner, the combination of a supporting base plate, a vaporizing tube which rises from the base and is inclined at an angle thereto, a second vaporizinev tube which is smaller than the lirst and is also inelined to the base, the two tubes forming substantially a triangle, a head for uniting the adjacent ends of the tubes, a baille plate, a nozzle situated under the baille plate and in proximity thereto, a support for the nozzle, and a connection for conveying vapor from the vaporizers to the nozzle.

2. In a jet burner, the combination of a supporting base plate, a vaporizingr tube which rises from the base and is inclined at an angle thereto, a means for supplying; oil to the vaporizer from the under side of the base plate, a nozzle, a second tube smaller than the first, comprising` an inclined portion and a part extendmg at an angle thereto which is connected to the nozzle, and a baille plate having,T a smooth under surface for causing the flames to spread laterally and embrace the inclined tubes to a greater or less extent.

3. In a jet burner, the combination. of a supporting` base plate, a vaporizing tube rising from thebase and inclined at an angle thereto, a socket in Whichthe tube lis seated, a means for supplying oil to the coolest point in the tube, a nozzle, va second tube smaller than the tiret, comprisingr one portion that is inclined to the base and a second portion that connects the flrst with the nozzle, a heatingT device that is operatively arranged with respect to said second portion, a baffle plate, provided with a smooth under surface arranged to spread the vapor, and a support for the nozzle that is carried by the base plate.,

4. In a jet burner, the combination of a base, a vaporizing tube which rises from the Vbase and is inclined at an angle thereto, a

connection that is attached to the vaporizer at a point under the base" for supplying liquid fuel thereto, ay horizontal disk-shaped baille plate which. extends beyond the plane of the vaporizinf.; tubes and is situated in close proximity to the nozzle for spreadingl the vapor and causing' it to pick up the proper amount. of air, a nozzle having an opening` for dischargingr vapor against-the baille plate, a second inclined vaporizing tube, the said tubes forming a triangle, and a head for receiving the ends ol the lul'es and maintaining,r them in a dclinite angular relation, the said head beingy situated in line with the nozzle opening'.

5. ln a jet burner, the combination of a base plate, a vaporizingr tube mounted thereon which extends vertically at right angles to the plate for a short distance and lhcn inclines toward the center ol'thc burner, a second vaporizcr lul-,e which is sinallcr than the Iirst and is inclined lo the base plate l'or a certain portion ol its length and parallel therewith for a certain other portion, a nozzle, a head which unites the tubes land forms the apex of a triangle, and a starting or auxiliary l-urner operatively loq-ated with respect to the horizontal portion of the vaporizer. I

In a jet burner, ,the combination of' a base, a vaporizing,` tube. mounted thereon at an angle, a tubular support mounted on the base and provided with a socket having two openings, a head which is attached to the vaporizer, a second vaporizing tube which is secured to the head at one end and enters one opening in the socket at the other, and a detachable nozzle which is seated in the second opening and contains a straight bored fuel opening. y 'i 7. In a jet burner, the combination of a base plate, a vertically extending tubular support having a socket, a detachable nozzle mounted in the socket, needle mounted on a stein and located in the support, the needle and nozzle opening making a loose nt so. that the supply ol vapor eannotbe entirely shut oil', a V-shaped vaporiz/.ingT tube having a longl and short leg, a starting' or auxiliary burner for heating one of said legs, a second inclined vaporizing tube larger than the one lirst mentioned, and a baffle plate which is adjustably mounted on the inclined portion vof one of the vaporizing tubes.

S. As an article of manufacture, a jet burner con'iprising a base pate 1, a pair of vaporizing tubes 2 and 5 one of which is more easily heated than the other and which rise from the base and are inclined toward each other at their upper ends, a head 4 hav-` in;` openings to receive the overlappingr ends of the tubes, the head being so arranged that the tubes extend into it at an angle and are held in an overlappingr position so as to prevent pulsation, a baille plate 14, a nozzle 10 having ananaen'ing,r situated in close proximity to the baille plate, and a needle l1 which is arranged tov reduce the amount of vapor delivered bythe nozzle but notto interrupt it.

9. A burner yconnarising;lr an inverted V- shaped vapolf-carrying conduit which passes through the combustion zone ol the burner and is lorlned ot' two portions inclined outwardly from the center ol the burner, a pipe l'or supplying; liquid fuel to one portion olE the conduit, a centrally located head uniting the tu'o portions, mea-ns in the head which serves to prevent liquid l'uel lrom passing l'rom one. portion of the conduit to the other duringr normal operation, a nozzle connected to the discharge end ol the conduit and arranged beneath the head which discharges a stream ol fuel vapor at relatively high velocity, and a baille-plate located a short dis` tance above the nozzle and between it and the head so that the stream ol vapor strikes the plate and 1s dellected outward y to cause eemie .combustion to occur in the zone surrounding l of large bore, a nozzle at the end of the hori` the periphery of the plate.

10. A burner adapted to worlr under relatively high. pressure, which comprises a vapor-carrying conduit having symmetrically inclined portions of differential bore, a nozzle attached to the portion of smaller bore and discharging a sti-earn of Avapor un der relatively high velocity, a baille plate arranged intermediate the inclined portions' of the conduit which receives and spreads the vapor from thenozzle prior to ignition and detlects it toward the conduit after which ignition takes place, a base upon which the burner is mounted, the said base being subjected to diilerent temperatures on opposite sides, and a connection for supplying fuel to the conduit from the cooler side of the base.

11. A burner comprising a liquid fuel receiving tube of large bore for vaporizing tho fuel, a superheating tube of relatively small bore whose receiving end projects into the other tube and tends to prevent liquid i'uel l'roin passing into the superheatinpr tube, a

nozzle to which the vaporized fuel is delivered bysaid superheating tube, and a baille #plate arranged in cooperative relation to the nozzle and intcrniec late both tubes with its periphery entirely separated therefrom to afford an annular zone of combustion around the plate. L

12. A burner, comprising a conduit having two `inclined portions of large and small bores and a l'iorizontal portion terminating at a line bisecting the angle between the inclined portions, the receiving end ol" the portion of small here extending into the portion Zontal portion adapted to deliver a jet of fuel vapor substantially inthe direction of the juncture of the two inclined portions of the conduit, and a baille plate disposed centrally above the nozzle for receiving the jet therefrom and arranged between the inclincd portions of the conduit Vwith 'its periphery separated therefrom.

13. ln a burner, the combination of a base, an inverted V-shaped fuel vaporizing con duit which passes through the combustion zone of the burner, comprising portions in clincd toward each other and forming an` apen centrally located above the burner, and in which the fuel is vaporized by the heat of said zone, one of said portions being supported on the base receiving liquid fuel at its lower end and adapted to Contain vapi orized incl at its upper end, the other vportion receiving vapor from the first portion and further heating it, a baille-plate supA ported below the apex of the conduit and surrounded by a space forming carbureting and combustion zones into which 'it deilccts the fuel varier, a nozzle located in closefproxiinity to the baflle-plate containing an oriiice, which discharges va deflected laterally thereby, and means for leerling liquid fuel. from a source of supply to the vaporizing conduit. l

In Witness whereof l have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of December, lUUL HEltlvlANN LEMP.

' Witnesses:

DUGALD MCK. lvloKn-ALW,` JonN J. WALKER.

or at :relatively i high velocity against the aille-plate to-he 1

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