US9271348B2 - Driver device and driving method for driving a load, in particular an LED unit - Google Patents

Driver device and driving method for driving a load, in particular an LED unit Download PDF

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US9271348B2
US9271348B2 US13/980,061 US201213980061A US9271348B2 US 9271348 B2 US9271348 B2 US 9271348B2 US 201213980061 A US201213980061 A US 201213980061A US 9271348 B2 US9271348 B2 US 9271348B2
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Prior art keywords
voltage
led unit
resistor
controllable
frequency filter
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US20130307428A1 (en
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Christian Hattrup
Georg Sauerländer
Carsten Deppe
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Signify Holding BV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H05B33/0815—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B33/0812—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/395—Linear regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y02B20/343—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a driver device and a corresponding driving method for driving a load, in particular an LED unit comprising one or more LEDs. Further, the present invention relates to a light apparatus. The present invention relates further to a driver device comprising a modulator to modulate the output of an LED unit.
  • the LED units known from the prior art are usually designed to be connected to a DC-voltage supply.
  • An LED unit including a driver circuit designed to be connectable to a DC-voltage supply is e.g. known from JP 5136461A.
  • the LEDs and the driver circuits should be designed to be connectable to the mains input and should transform the mains energy into the form required by the LEDs while keeping compliance with present and future power mains regulations. It is of critical importance to guarantee a high efficiency of the LEDs even if the supply voltage of the mains input is a voltage having a variation of up to ⁇ 10%.
  • a rectifier bridge is used to connect the LEDs to the mains input to provide a DC voltage, which is necessary to drive the LED unit.
  • the rectified voltage usually still comprises an AC component and the efficiency normally decreases considerably in the case of variations of the input voltage.
  • the driving circuits to modulate the light output are usually complex and include a large amount of components.
  • a driver device for driving a load, in particular an LED unit including one or more LEDs, comprising:
  • a corresponding driving method is provided.
  • a driver device comprising a modulator, which is coupled in series to an LED unit for modulating a drive current driving the LED unit and for modulating the light output emitted from the LED unit, the modulator including a resistor and a controllable switch coupled in parallel to each other to provide at least two different drive current levels.
  • a light apparatus comprising a light assembly comprising one or more light units, in particular an LED unit comprising one or more LEDs, and a driver device for driving said light assembly as provided according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is based on the idea to provide a driver circuit by which a substantially constant electrical power is applied to the load by providing a DC component (constant voltage or constant current) to the load, in particular to the LED unit, and wherein an AC component of the rectified voltage is cut off by means of the frequency filter and the controllable resistor.
  • a substantially constant electrical power is applied to the load by providing a DC component (constant voltage or constant current) to the load, in particular to the LED unit, and wherein an AC component of the rectified voltage is cut off by means of the frequency filter and the controllable resistor.
  • This is achieved by deriving a nearly constant voltage from the rectified voltage by means of the frequency filter, wherein the AC component of the rectified voltage is applied to the controllable resistor which is controlled by means of the frequency filter.
  • the AC component is not applied to the load; in particular it is not applied to the LED unit.
  • the electrical power applied to the load does not comprise significant AC components, which would lead to a decreased efficiency and unwanted AC components in the light output (flicker).
  • This driving circuit reduces the driver losses and increases the system efficiency compared to state of the art solutions. Further, it automatically adapts the LED power even if the input voltage changes.
  • the frequency filter is partially coupled in parallel to the load, i.e. at least one component of the frequency filter is connected in parallel to the load, wherein the voltage provided by the frequency filter component drops at least partially across the load and, if applicable, partially across additional devices connected in series to the load.
  • the second aspect of the present invention relates to a driver device comprising a modulator to modulate the drive current and to modulate the light output emitted from an LED unit.
  • This modulator can be used in combination with the driver device according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the driver device according to the first aspect of the present invention and the driver device comprising the modulator according to the second aspect of the present invention can be used independently of each other in different circuits.
  • the driver device including the modulator is based upon the idea that the light output emitted from the LED unit corresponds to the current driving the LED units.
  • the modulator comprises a resistor and, parallel thereto, a controllable switch, which is controlled, e.g. by a controller.
  • This provides a cheap and simple solution to provide two drive current levels by switching the controllable switch. If the switch is closed, the current is at a high level, while the current is at a lower level if the switch is opened and the current is passed through the resistor.
  • This driving circuit provides a simple possibility to modulate the light output up to the MHz range. Thus, an easy and simple circuit to modulate the drive current of the LED unit can be provided.
  • the frequency filter comprises a capacitor coupled to the controllable resistor, so that a voltage dropping across the capacitor is at least partially applied as a control voltage to a control input of the controllable resistor to drive the controllable resistor. That is to say, the voltage is at least partially applied to the control input of the controllable resistor, and, if applicable, partially applied to additional devices connected in series to the control input of the controllable resistor.
  • This embodiment provides a load current to the load without significant AC-components and with low technical effort.
  • the frequency filter is connected to the power input unit to derive a voltage, in particular a substantially constant voltage, from the rectified supply voltage, wherein the voltage is at least partially applied to a series connection of the control side of the controllable resistor and the load.
  • the frequency filter is a low-pass filter comprising a capacitor and a resistor, wherein the resistor is coupled to the controllable resistor, in particular connected to an input contact and a control contact of the controllable resistor, wherein a substantially constant voltage drops across the capacitor and a second voltage including an AC component of the rectified supply voltage drops across the resistor.
  • a control contact of the controllable resistor is connected to a node between the resistor and the capacitor.
  • a voltage limiting device is coupled to the controllable resistor, in particular to limit the second voltage dropping across the resistor.
  • This voltage limiting device which is preferably formed of a Zener diode, e.g. having a forward voltage of 20 to 30 V, provides quick charging of the capacitor of the frequency filter when the driver device is connected to the mains. Further, the Zener diode provides a load current while the capacitor of the frequency filter is charged, so that electrical power is provided to the load very quickly after connection to the mains. Therefore, the specified output of the load, in particular the light emission of the LED unit, can be reached more quickly.
  • controllable resistor comprises a transistor.
  • This embodiment is a simple solution enabling a controllable resistor to provide the load current and to cut off the AC components of the rectified voltage.
  • the transistor can be formed of a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET.
  • controllable resistor comprises a Darlington stage.
  • This circuit provides a low current consumption at the control input because of the typically high current gain of a Darlington configuration.
  • the value of the resistor of the frequency filter can be rather large, reducing the losses in the frequency filter.
  • the capacitor is coupled in parallel to the load, in particular the LED unit, and the control input of the controllable resistor.
  • a resistor is connected in parallel to the capacitor to decrease a voltage dropping across the capacitor. This increases the voltage drop across the controllable resistor and decreases the voltage drop across the capacitor. Thus, an offset is provided for the voltage applied to the controllable resistor, so that a small voltage drop of the supply voltage does not result in a drop of the load current.
  • the load is an LED unit and a modulator is coupled in series to the LED unit, wherein a substantially constant voltage is applied to the LED unit and the modulator by means of the frequency filter to modulate the drive current and to modulate the emitted light output.
  • a substantially constant voltage is applied to the LED unit and the modulator by means of the frequency filter to modulate the drive current and to modulate the emitted light output.
  • the controllable switch comprises a transistor controlled by a control unit. This embodiment provides a simple solution to modulate the load current and provides a high switching speed of the controllable switch.
  • the modulator comprises a second controllable switch controlled by the controller and coupled in series to a second resistor, wherein the second controllable switch and the second resistor are coupled in parallel to the first controllable switch to provide three different drive current levels.
  • This embodiment provides a possibility to provide three different current levels symmetrically around the DC level which does not provide visible flicker of the LED units and which does not influence the efficiency of the LED unit.
  • more than three parallel paths are connected to the load to provide more than three different current levels. Hence, a high switching speed between the current levels can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a known driver circuit for an LED unit including a current source to modulate the load current
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a Manchester code
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a driver device for driving an LED according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a driver device to modulate the load current of an LED unit and to modulate the light output
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the driver device according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the load current, the rectified supply voltage and the constant voltage of the device according to FIG. 5 ,
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the load current, the rectified supply voltage and the constant voltage provided by the embodiment according to FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a known driver device 10 for driving an LED unit is schematically shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the driver device 10 comprises an input unit 14 coupled to terminals 16 for connection to mains power supply 18 .
  • the input unit 14 is connected in parallel to the LED unit 12 .
  • the LED unit 12 is connected in series to a modulator unit 20 , which comprises a programmable current source 22 to modulate a load current I L of the LED unit 12 .
  • the light modulation according to this embodiment is provided for LED units, wherein the light output of the LEDs follows rather quickly the electric current I L driven by the current source 22 .
  • the current source 22 provides in this particular case a Manchester pulse of the load current I L , as described below.
  • the LED unit 12 comprises a plurality of LEDs connected in series. These LEDs can be low or high voltage LEDs or series-connected LEDs, wherein the forward voltage drop is less than the minimum of the rectified and smoothened input voltage supplied from the mains.
  • the input unit 14 comprises a plurality of components including capacitors, diodes and resistors. To adapt the mains voltage to the LED voltage without power loss, the capacitor C 1 is provided in the input unit. The change of this capacitor C 1 determines the average DC voltage of a capacitor C 2 , which is provided in parallel to the output of the input unit 14 .
  • the modulator 20 comprises the programmable current source 22 .
  • the current source 22 is connected to a resistance R 4 and a resistance R 6 to control the load current I L of the LED unit.
  • a controller connected to the current source 22 is provided to switch a series connection of a diode D 8 and a resistance R 7 to ground or to a supply voltage and to switch a series connection of a diode D 9 and a resistance R 8 to ground or a supply voltage.
  • a supply voltage V CC is provided to the controller and the resistance R 6 , wherein a voltage source providing the supply voltage V CC is not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the controller is able to provide three different levels of the load current I L to provide a symmetrical modulation around the DC level of the load current I L . If more different levels of the load current I L and the respective light emission are required, more control paths need to be implemented in the modulator 20 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a clock signal 26 , a data signal 28 of the data to be transmitted, a first Manchester code 30 and an inverse Manchester code 32 (according to IEEE 802.3).
  • the Manchester codes 30 , 32 are formed of a signal alteration around the DC level of the respective value, e.g. a voltage or a current.
  • the data signal 28 is transformed to the Manchester code, wherein a high level data signal corresponds to a change in the Manchester code 30 from high level to low level or in the inverse Manchester code 32 from low level to high level.
  • a modulation of the load current I L is realized with three different levels, wherein the light signal has a constant average value and no visible flicker of the light output is produced if the modulation frequency is high enough.
  • the driver device 40 comprises the input unit 14 comprising the terminals 16 for connection to the mains 18 .
  • the input unit 14 preferably comprises a rectifier bridge, such as a known full-bridge or half-bridge rectifier, for rectifying an AC input voltage V 10 provided from mains voltage supply 18 into a rectified voltage V 12 .
  • the input unit 14 is connected in parallel to a frequency filter 42 to apply or provide the rectified voltage V 12 to the frequency filter 42 .
  • the frequency filter 42 is formed of a capacitor 44 and a resistor 46 .
  • the frequency filter is designed in such a way that a substantially constant voltage V 14 drops across the capacitor 44 and a filter voltage V 16 drops across the resistor 46 .
  • the rectified voltage V 12 is divided into the substantially constant voltage V 14 and the filter voltage V 16 .
  • the filter voltage V 16 comprises remaining AC components (ripple) of the rectified voltage V 12 .
  • the driver device 40 further comprises a controllable resistor 48 having three electrical contacts 49 .
  • An input contact 49 a of the controllable resistor 48 is connected to the power input unit 14 .
  • An output contact 49 b of the controllable resistor 48 is connected to the load 12 .
  • a control contact 49 c is connected to a node 45 between the resistor 46 and the capacitor 44 .
  • a control side or a control input of the controllable resistor 48 is formed between the output contact 49 b and the control contact 49 c .
  • the resistor 46 of the frequency filter 42 is connected to the input contact 49 a and the control contact 49 c of the controllable resistor 48 .
  • the controllable resistor 48 provides the load current I L to the LED unit 12 .
  • the constant voltage V 14 is applied to the LED unit 12 and the control side of the controllable resistor 48 connected in parallel to the capacitor 44 .
  • the controllable resistor 48 is driven by a drive current I D , which is controlled by the control voltage V 20 .
  • the LED unit 12 Because of the parallel connection of the resistor 46 to the controllable resistor 48 , the remaining AC components of the rectified voltage V 12 are cut off, while the load current I L provided to the LED unit 12 is a substantially constant DC current depending on the load voltage V 18 and the resistance of the load 12 . Since the substantially constant supply voltage V 14 dropping across the capacitor 44 is supplied to the LED unit 12 and the control side of the controllable resistor 48 , the LED unit 12 is powered by the substantially constant load voltage V 18 and the load current I L .
  • a diode (not shown in FIG. 3 ) is connected forward-biased in parallel to the control side of the controllable resistor 48 to limit the voltage V 14 , which is slightly larger than V 18 .
  • a diode e.g. a Zener diode, is connected reverse-biased in parallel to the resistor 46 to limit the voltage V 14 .
  • the controllable resistor 48 is preferably formed by a transistor, wherein the input contact 49 a corresponds to the collector or the source contact, the output contact 49 b corresponds to the emitter or drain contact and the control contact 49 c corresponds to the gate or base contact, respectively.
  • the controllable resistor 48 is a bipolar transistor, the diode parallel to the control side is formed by the base-emitter path.
  • the controllable resistor 48 is a MOSFET, the diode (not shown in FIG. 3 ) is preferably connected in parallel to the gate-drain path.
  • FIG. 4 A further alternative embodiment of a driver device 50 is shown in FIG. 4 . wherein identical elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, and only the differences are explained in detail.
  • the input unit 14 is connected in parallel to the LED unit 12 , which is connected in series to a modulator 52 .
  • the modulator 52 comprises in parallel a resistor 54 and a controllable switch 56 , which is preferably formed of a transistor.
  • the controllable switch 56 is controlled via a control input 58 , which is preferably connected to a controller unit.
  • a modulator voltage V 22 drops across the modulator 52 .
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a driving device 60 according to a further embodiment of the present invention, wherein identical elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, and only the differences are explained in detail.
  • the rectified supply voltage V 12 is applied to the frequency filter 42 .
  • the frequency filter 42 comprises the resistor 46 and the capacitor 44 .
  • the substantially constant voltage V 14 drops across the capacitor 44 and the filter voltage V 16 drops across the resistor 46 .
  • the resistor 46 is connected in parallel to the input contact 49 a and the control contact 49 c of the controllable resistor 48 , which is formed of a Darlington stage 48 .
  • the Darlington stage 48 comprises a first transistor 62 and a second transistor 64 connected to each other in a Darlington configuration.
  • the filter voltage V 16 dropping across the resistor 46 is applied to the Darlington stage 48 and forms in this particular case the collector-base voltage of the first transistor 62 .
  • the control voltage V 20 is applied to the control side or control input of the Darlington stage 48 , and forms in this particular case the base-emitter voltage of the Darlington stage 48 , and controls the drive current I D , which drives the Darlington stage 48 .
  • the Darlington stage 48 provides the load current I L .
  • a Zener diode 66 is connected in parallel to the collector-base path of the Darlington stage 48 to limit the voltage V 16 . Further, the Zener diode 66 is provided to charge the capacitor 44 when the input unit 14 is initially connected to the mains 18 .
  • Zener diode 66 in this configuration is that the load current I L rises quickly after connection to the mains 18 while the capacitor 44 is charged. Hence, the LED unit 12 is powered quickly after the driving device 60 is connected to the mains 18 . Further, a resistor 68 is connected to the control contact 49 c of the Darlington stage 48 to deliver the drive current I D to the control contact 49 c of the Darlington stage 48 from the voltage V 14 and to limit the charging current of the filter capacitor 44 when the system is initially connected to the mains 18 .
  • the constant voltage V 14 is a smoothed representation of the minimum rectified supply voltage V 12 .
  • the substantially constant voltage V 14 is applied to the control input of the Darlington stage 48 , the LED unit 12 and the modulator 52 , wherein remaining AC components of the rectified supply voltage V 12 are cut off by means of the Darlington stage 48 .
  • the LED unit 12 is powered by the substantially constant load voltage V 18 and the load current I L .
  • the load voltage V 18 and the load current I L form a substantially constant electrical power provided to the load 12 . Therefore, the efficiency of the system is nearly independent of variations of the mains voltage V 10 .
  • the modulator 52 is connected in series to the LED unit 12 .
  • the modulator voltage V 22 drops across the modulator 52 .
  • the modulator comprises the resistor 54 and the controllable switch 56 connected in parallel to each other.
  • the modulator 52 further comprises a second resistor 70 and a second controllable switch 72 connected in series to each other.
  • the second resistor 70 and the second switch 72 are connected in parallel to the switch 56 and the resistor 54 .
  • the second switch 72 is controlled via a control input 74 preferably connected to a controller.
  • the modulator 52 can provide the load current I L at three different levels by switching the switches 56 , 72 . If the second switch 72 is closed, the load current I L passes through the resistor 54 and the second resistor 70 and provides a medium-load current level. If the switches 56 , 72 are opened, the current I L passes through the resistor 54 , whereby a low level of the load current I L is provided. If the switch 56 is closed, the load current I L passes through the switch 56 to ground, whereby a high level of the load current I L is provided. In this case, the modulator voltage V 22 is at the lowest level, i.e. almost zero. Thus, the modulator 52 can provide three different levels of the load current I L . In an embodiment of the driving device 60 , the modulator 52 comprises more than three parallel switchable paths to provide more different current levels. In that embodiment, the modulator 52 can provide as many current levels as the number of parallel paths implemented.
  • the driving device 60 provides a high efficiency for the LED unit and the possibility of modulating the light output of the LED unit 12 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the load current I L , the constant supply voltage V 14 and the rectified supply voltage V 12 provided by the driving device 60 according to FIG. 5 .
  • the load current I L is rather constant and provided with a modulated portion 76 . Further, the load current I L shows negative peaks or dips shown at 78 .
  • the constant supply voltage V 14 shows a constant behavior over time.
  • the rectified supply voltage V 12 comprising an AC component is also shown in FIG. 6 . At certain times, denoted by 80 , the rectified supply voltage V 12 equals or falls below the constant voltage V 14 . At this time the voltage drop across the controllable resistor 48 is at its minimum. Then, also the load voltage V 18 across the LED unit 12 drops, resulting in a current dip.
  • the filter voltage V 16 needs to be increased such that the filter voltage V 16 does not fall to the level of the constant supply voltage V 14 or even below this voltage V 14 .
  • FIG. 7 a further embodiment of the drive device 60 is shown, wherein identical elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, and only the differences are explained in detail.
  • a further resistor 82 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 44 . This resistor 82 lowers the voltage V 14 dropping across the capacitor 44 and increases the filter voltage V 16 dropping across the resistance 46 . Thus, the filter voltage V 16 applied to the Darlington stage 48 is increased and does not fall to or below the constant supply voltage V 14 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a time diagram of the load current I L , the constant supply voltage V 14 and the rectified supply voltage V 12 according to the drive device 60 of FIG. 7 including the resistance 82 .
  • the load current I L comprises the modulated portion 76 .
  • the constant supply voltage V 14 is a constant signal and the rectified supply voltage V 12 is identical to the signal shown in FIG. 6 having an offset with respect to the constant supply voltage V 14 .
  • the rectified supply voltage V 16 does not drop to or below the constant supply voltage V 14 .
  • the load current I L is constant over time without any negative peaks or dips as shown at 78 in FIG. 6 .
  • the driving device 60 provides a substantially constant load voltage V 18 applied to the LED unit 12 and a constant load current I L passing through the LED units. Hence, the efficiency of the LED unit 12 is increased even if the mains voltage 18 varies. Further, the driving device 60 provides a possibility to modulate the light output by modulating the load current I L as shown in FIG. 8 by means of the modulated portion 76 of the load current I L .

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US13/980,061 2011-01-17 2012-01-13 Driver device and driving method for driving a load, in particular an LED unit Active 2032-09-17 US9271348B2 (en)

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PCT/IB2012/050173 WO2012098486A1 (fr) 2011-01-17 2012-01-13 Dispositif actionneur et procédé d'actionnement pour actionner une charge, notamment une unité de del

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US20160143105A1 (en) * 2011-01-17 2016-05-19 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Driver device and driving method for driving a load, in particular an led unit
US10645767B2 (en) * 2018-04-26 2020-05-05 Qatar University Linear regulated dimmable LED driver for DC distributed lighting system

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CN104219817A (zh) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 红外发光二极管驱动电路及遥控器
CN104754812B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2018-08-17 深圳市菱奇半导体有限公司 一种led驱动电路
FR3020908B1 (fr) * 2014-05-07 2017-09-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique Optimisation du debit dans un systeme li-fi
WO2017093170A1 (fr) 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Agencement de modulation de lumière codée
US9794995B1 (en) * 2016-09-09 2017-10-17 Analog Integrations Corporation LED lamp arrangement adapted to replace fluorescent lamp in luminaire with ballast
TWI817993B (zh) * 2018-03-14 2023-10-11 晶元光電股份有限公司 一種發光裝置

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US20160143105A1 (en) 2016-05-19
CN103314641A (zh) 2013-09-18
EP2666336B1 (fr) 2017-10-25
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RU2013138415A (ru) 2015-02-27
US20130307428A1 (en) 2013-11-21
JP2014502790A (ja) 2014-02-03
BR112013017899A2 (pt) 2016-10-11
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BR112013017899A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
RU2596850C2 (ru) 2016-09-10

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