US926732A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

R. FLEMING & GFA. B. HALVORSON, JR.

ARG LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 16,1903'.

Patented July 6, 1909.

8 SHE'ETBSHEET 2;

4 9 7 w m J .l 6/ 7 .F w m m m Witrfisses:

Inventors Rlchard Flew-1mg Cromw II )1 B.Halv rson,dr;.

. ranged that it will not be consumed by. the I heat of the arc, and

i trated an embodiment of our invention.

-- of the lamp viewed from a have invented certain new improvement of "arc amps.

- illumination comes all permanent gases, as 1s operation of the. lamp.

furnish the major portion of the terize our inventionwill be'pointed out with globein section to disclose sectional elevation showing the lamp mech- PATENT ornron.

TTNITED' STATES v I i m, or rynmnassaonusnrrs,

RICHARD FLEMING AND CROMWELL A.

COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL n'tnc'rnro ABC-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 6, 1909. Serial No. 181,332.

Application filed November 16, 1903.

Referring to the drawing, lamp cap or top on the upper side ofwhich suitable means are provided by which the lamp may be suspended. From the under side of the cap or top 1 an integrally'formed tubular boss 2. dep This boss is threaded interiorly per end of a short metal tube 3, as is early shown in Figs, 1, 2 an drawings. Theboss 2 has a series of-apertures 4 formed in it. The lower end'of the tube 3 is also threaded to engage the upper end of the interior-1y threaded cylinder 5 extending through and integrally connected to a circular memberv 6. The upper end of a section of metal tube 8 is threaded into the lower end of the cylinder 5., The section 8, which is similar to section 3., except that it is considerably longer, its lower ends to engage an interiorly threaded tubular boss 9, projecting u ward the disk-shaped platform 10. T is surrounded by a layer 11 of material which is an insulator both of heat and electricity.

A tube section 12 of metal is secured to the under side of'platform 10., and extends in line and in "open communication with the sections 3 and 8. In the construction which we have shown in the drawings,.the upper end of the section 12 is provided with a flange 13, whi h abuts against a 'metallic washer 14, secured to the platform 10 by a air of screws 15. The screws 15 areinsulated from the platform 10 in any suitable manner, and a layer 16 .of the insulating material is interposed between the washer '14 and the under side of the platform 10 Clamping nuts 17 on the ends of the screws T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, RICHARD FLEMING, and CRoMwnLL A. B. HALvoRsoN, J12, citizens of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts,

and useful Imof which the folprovements in Arc-Lamps,

owing is a specification. I

The object of our resent invention is the c More particularly our invention relates to are lamps in which the major portion of the illumination from the lamp is given by a flaming or luminous are, as distinguished from those in which practically all of the from electrodes heated to incandescence. With these lamps the roducts of combustion from the are are not i substantially the case where carbon electrodes are employed, but contain matter whi *h condenses to solid form upon contact with suitable condensing surfaces. This necessitates a lamp arranged so that the solid matter cannot be deposited where it will clog up or otherwise hurt the As the incandescence of the electrodesis not relied upon to illumination often. found desirable to of good conand arof the lam it 18 form one o the electrodes out ducting "material so proportioned our invention also comprises a novel construction and arrangement of this electrode.

The many. novel features which characarticularity in the claims annexed to and orming a part of this specification.

For a better understanding of our invenbe had to the accom-v panying drawings in which we have illusagainst. the washer 14 and to the platform 10. Preferably open ended slots 18 are formed in the flange 13 through which the screws pass. This moval of the tube 12 from-the platform 10 'whenever it becomes desirable. With the construction employed, be seen that Ofthe drawings, Figure 1 is'a perspective view of an arc lamp with the casing and the mechanism of Fig. 2 is another perspective view different position Fig. 3 is a it will the lamp;

is at the same time insulated therewhile it from. at opposite ends of the lower end of the secanism; Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the tion 12.-- A somewhat massive arc-shaped circuits of the lamp; and Fig. 5 is apartial piece'21 of thermally and electrically consectional elevation and Fig. 6 is a erspecducting material, such as copper, tive view illustrating an auxiliary e ctrode considerable heat-dissipating capac1ty,p.asses scraping mechanism. through these slots and forms the non-conwith the'case and globe removed;

--15 areemployed for holding the flange 13 facilitates a ready re-- 1 represents a to receive the threaded d 3 of the is also threaded at e section 8 the section 12 is secured to the platform 10 having a downwar suming ositive electrode of the lamp. The arc on w iich this piece of metal 21 is formed is practically 180 degrees. A pair of bowed pieces or members 22, pivoted at their iniddle points to op osite sides of the tube section 12, have tie ends of the arc-shaped electrode 21 clamped between their ends. In the construction shown pivoted at or near the center from which its arc is formed.

A lug 23 projects from the upper side of one of the pieces 22. A link 24 connects the lug 23 with a bar 25 which passes trans- Versely purpose in platformlO, being insulated therefrom by a suitable bushing, or in any other manner. The'upper end of the bar 25 is connected to, but insulated from, the lower end of a U-shaped armature 26. The legs of the U-shaped armature 26 pass axiall" into one each of a pair of tubular magnet coils 28. These magnet coils, which may be of ordinary construction, have lugs 29 projecting from their end ieces 30. Suitable screws passing throug these In S secure the magnet coils to the tube sectlon 8. One member 31 of a dash pot 31 is secured to the under side of the armature 26. The

the dash pot is secured to the platform 10. The two members of the dash got are arranged to prevent a rapid movement of the armature 2-6,

other member 32 of without hindering the upward movement of the lamp. 7

A bracket 33 is secured to, but insulated from, the upper end of the tube section. A rod 34 extends from the under side of the bracket 33 toward the platform '10. The lower end of the rod 34 is directly connected to a washer or plate 35 which is. secured to, but insulated from, the platform 10, by a similar plate 36 of insulating material. A

rod 37 also extends down from the bracket 33parallel to the rod 34. The rod 37, which may be secured to the bracket in a suitable manner, as by a threaded downwardthrough apertures formed for the purpose in platform 10, and plates 35 and 36. A tube 38 surrounds the major portion of the rod 37 which forms a ide upon which the tube may be moved longitudinally. An arm 39 extending at right angles from the lower end of the tube 38 carries at its outer end a socket in which the consummg negative electrode 40 is held in line with the axis of the tube sections 3, 8 and 12. The electrode preferably is formed out of, or contains, some material such as the magnetic oxid of iron, titanium carbid, or other material giving a flaming or luminous are.

n arm 41 is clamped to the upper end of the tube 38. The outer end of the arm 41 is bifurcated and the bifurcations straddle the rod 34. The arm 41 forms a means for preventing rotation of the tube 38 and consethe electrode is through an opening formed for the connection, passes quent angular displacement of the electrode 40 about said tube. '1

A clutch 45 of ordinary construction eonnects the armature 26 and the tube 38. The tubular yoke 46 of the clutch 45 surrounds the tube 38, and the pawl 47 of the clutch is pivoted thereto. One end of the pawl is provided with an aperture through which the shank 31 of the dash pot member 31 passes. The other .end of the pawl is adapted to firmly engage and lift the tube 38 in the or dinary manner when the armature 26 is raised. A second clutch49 comprises a yoke 50, which surrounds the tube 38 and a pawl 51 pivoted to the yoke. The inner end of whenever the outer end of the pawl is elevated. One end ofa long helical spring 52 is secured to the outer end of thepawl 51. The other end of the s iring 52 is secured to a lug, which depends from the bracket 33. The spring 52 normally holds the pawl 51 in such position that its inner end enga es the tube 38! The pawl 51 is preferably ormed with an aperture through which the'rod 34 passes. This prevents angular displacement of the clutch.

A member 53 is adjustably secured to the rod 34. This member is provided with a bifurcated extension 54\ which straddles the tube 38. The upper surface of the extension 54forms a stop, against which the yoke 46 of the clutch 45 rests when the armature 26'is at the lower limit of its movement. The member 53 is provided. at its under side a lug 55 which forms a stop against which the outer end of the pawl 51 lmpinges when the tube 38 is given a suflicient upward movement. This impingement causes the clutch to release the tube 38. An adjustable collar 56 is mounted u on the rod 34 against the upper side-of w ich the outer end of the pawl 51 normally rests.

A tube 57 surrounds the tube 38. The upper end of the tube 57 is provided with an with from dropping through the washer 35, and the platform 10. The tube57'is arranged to telescope orslide on the tube 38. The tube. 57 ma be forced upward against the underside 0 the yoke 50 to cause the clutch 49 to release the tube 38 whenever it may be desirable, as in trimming the lamp.

A vertical ma' net coil 60 is mounted on the-upper side of the platform 10. The armature 61 for the magnet coil is carried by one endof an arm 62 pivoted intermediate its ends in lugs 63 projecting upwardly from an extension to the end-piece 64 of the magnet. A terminal or contact member, such as outer end of the extension 62, and a similar terminal 66 is en the coil 60 is not energized the electrodes 65 and 66 engage under the action of carried by the extension 64;

a spring 62, see Fig. 3. When the coil 60 is energized. and the armature 62-is attracted the contacts 65 and 66 separate. The clamps which hold the contact members 65 and 66 are insulated'from the extension and arm in any suitable manner, as indicated at 67 and 68 respectively.

10. A coil 70 having its axis horizontal is carried at the upper end of the tube section 8 by brackets 71 connected to 0 posite sides of the tube section. One end oi a co6perating armature 72 is pivoted to the end piece 7 3 of the magnet. The other end of the armature carries an insulated contact 7 5, which cooperates witha contact 76 carried by, and insulated from, the other end piece 74 of the magnet 70. hen the magnet coil 70 is exc1ted by the proper current the armature will be attracted and the contactswill en age for a purpose to be hereinafter describe A casing 77, whichmay be formed out of sheet metal, surrounds the lamp mechanism located between the member 6 and platform 10. This casing is carried from the member 6 in any suitable manner, as by means of screws 78, which pass transversely through a down-turned flange 6 formed on the member 6. Thelower end of the casing closely surrounds the platform 10. For the purpose of ventilating the lamp mechanism a series of perforations or apertures 79 may be formed in a belt around the lower end of the casing 77. A suitable annular hood 8 0 is carried by the lower end of the casing so as to prevent dust orwater from entering the casing through these apertures. Another annular hood or member 81 is carried bythe casing 77 below the hood 80. Suitable screws 82 passing transversely through the annular member 81 serve as a means for securinga transparent or translucent globe 83in place. The globe 83 may be formed withlan opening at the bottom normally closed by tachably secured to the globe for that purpose. In order to secure a proper amount of i ventilation in theglobe 83 an opening 85Imay be formed in mem ber '84. In addition to the opening 84, ventilating passages-may oli' the globe 83 with'the member 8 1, and at the juncture of hood 82.

the globe 83 with the described in The lamp shown and detail-is intended for operation on a constant current circuit. The various circuits of the lamp, which are shown in the diagram in F 1g. 4, are

as follows: A'conductor 88 extending from a 7 binding post 87 carried by the member 6 and forming one terminal nected at the point 88 to one terminal of the two coils 28, which are in series with each other. An electrical connection between the point'8'8 and the electrode 40 is indicatedin the diagram by the line 89. In the lamp as actually built a flexible conductor 89 ex- A resistance spool 69 is also 1 mounted on the upper side of the platform a member 84 de-' be arofthe lamp, is con-' is shown in Fig.

tends from the point 88 to the arm or bracket 11 carried at the upper end of the tube 38 which is in fixed metallic connection with the electrode 40 through the arm and'socket at its lower end. binding post 86, also carried by the member 6 and forming the other terminal of the lamp,

with one terminal of coil 60. The other ter-. minal of coil 60 is connected to one of the screws 15 by a conductor 91. An elctrical connection between the screw 15 and the electrode 21 indicated in the diagram by the conductor 92 is actually established by the engagement of the tube 12 with the screw 15 and with the bowed members 22 which support the electrode 21. In addition to the ivotal connection'between the bowed 1nemers 22 and the tube 12, a flexible conductor 93, having one end clamped to the tube and the other end clamped to one of the members 22, may be employed if desired, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. One terminal of the resistance conductor 69 is connected to the conductor 90 intermediate its ends at the point 9 1. A conductor 95 connects the other terminal of the resistance coil at the oint 96 with the terminal or contact member. 66. Another conductor 97 leading from the point 96 connects the last-mentioned terminal of the resistance 69 and one terminal of the coil 70. The other terminal of the coil is connected by a conductor 99 to one of the terminals of the coils 28 at the point 98. A conductor 100 leads from the point 98 to-the contact or terminal member 65. A conductor 101 connects the contact member 7 5 to'the line 90 at 101. A conductor 102 conmeets the contact member 76 to thescrew 15.-

The electrodes 21 and 40 are in the position shown in Fig. 1 when the lamp is out of circuit. Under these circumstances the armature 26 will be downjthe contacts and 76 will be se arated and the contacts 65 and 66 will be he dtogether by the spring 62. When the proper circuit connections are made with terminals 86 and 87, current willflow through thewindings of the coils 28 causing the armature 26 to be lifted. The upward move- A conductor 90 connects a ment of the armature 26 will carry with it p the tube 38 and electrode 40through the in strumentality of clutch 45. At the same time the electrode 21 will be oscillated about its support by the bar 25. The upward movement of the tube 38, and thereby the movement of the armature 26, will be checked by the engagement of the electrode 40 against the under surface of the arc-slmcped electrode 21. The position of the parts at the instant of contact between the electrodes -10 and 21 Upon the engagement between the electrodes -10 and 21 current will flow between the terminals 86 and 87 through the conductor90, coil 60, conductor 91, screw 15, conductor 92, electrodes .21 and 40, and conductors S9 and 88.

This current ,aration of the contacts 65 and 66 and adeenergization of the magnet coils 28, where upon the armature 26 will return to its initial position. The return movement of thearmature 26 will be considerably slower than its upward movement, owing to the action of its regulatin dash pot 3l-. When the yoke member of t e' clutch 45 strikes against the stop 54 the engagement between the clutch and the tube 38 isbroken. The downward movement of the tube 38 and electrode 40 will be limited, however, by the engagement of the pawl 51 with the collar 56. During the initial upward movement of the tube 38 the clutch 45 will travel up with it by reason of their engagement maintained by the spring 52. 1f the movement of the tube 38 is great enough, however, the pawl will strike against the lug 55 carried on the lower side of the stop 54 which will cause the release of the tube 38 from its enga ement with the clutch. When, however, t e tube 38 starts downward again the clutch will immediately engage it and will travel down with it until the pawl strikes against the collar. It will thus be seen that the downward movement of the tube 38 and the electrode 40 taking place when the magnet coils 28 are deenergized will always be limited to the amount of the movement which the pawl can have between the stop 54 and the collar. This in the normal operation of the lamp with any given adjustment of the stop 54 and the collar will insure an arc ofapredetermined' length.

As lon as sufficient current flows through the coil the contacts and 66 will be separated and the current flowing.

throughthe coil 28 will be insuflicient to attract the armature 26. In addition to the current flowing in the circuit which includes the electrodes, current will also flow between the terminals 86 and 87 through the circuit which includes the resistance coil'69, the magnet coil 70, and the magnets 28. The magnet coil is a fine Wire coil through which but a comparatively small amount of current is intended to'flow. As far as this circuit is concerned the resistance 69 and the magnet'coils 28 simply act as resistances to keep down the current flow in the circuit;

The current flowing through the windings of coil 70 will vary with the voltage of the are. As the electrode 40' is consumed, the distance between its tip and the electrode 21 will in crease. As the currentremains constant, the voltage of the arc must increase. In consequence of the increase in voltage of the arc,

of the coil 70.

more current will flow through the windings signed to attract its armature upon a certain predetermined increase involtage of the are occurring when the .arc increases in length a certain amount When the armature-721's The magnet coil 70 is de- This will cause the armature 2.6 to be raised until: the free end of the electrode 40 engages the under surface of the electrode 21.

In this operation the tube 38 will be pulled' through the yoke of the clutch 45 a distance equal to the difierence between the entire u ward movement of the tube 38 (equal to t e length of the are at the moment at which the movement takes place), and the play of the awl 51 between t e collar 56 and the stop 55. V'hen the electrode 40 impinges against the under side of the electrode-21, current will begin to flow between the electrodes through the coil 60, causing a separation of the con tacts 65 and 66 and consequent deenergization of the magnet coils 2 8, and dropping of the lower electrode in the manner hereinbefore described,

It will be noted that by reason of the oscillation of the electrode 21 the-electrode 40 imipinges. against, and the arc starts from, a di erent portion of the electrode 21 from that frornwhich the arc extends during the normal operation of the lamp. This is an important feature, as with many of the electrodes which we employ more or less solid matter is deposited upon that portion of the electrode from which the arc extends inthe normal operation of the lamp. The material deposited from such electrodes is usually more or less non-conducting, particularly when cold; In some cases the conductivity of the electrode 40 is quite low when. the electrode is cold. The construction employed insures a contact between electrode 40 and a clean andhence good conducting portion of the cop er electrode 21, both at the initial starting oi the lamp and whenever it feeds.

By arranging'the parts so that the walls of the apertures. 19 an 20 more or-less closely embrace the electrode 21, or by 1providing auxiliaryscra ingmeanasuch asls ormed by movement of t e electrode 21 osclllato taking p ace whenever the magnets 28 are- The tube. sections or chimne. members}, .,8 and 12101111 a comparatively on chimney 1s chimney orms theor draft j tube. -Th

the aperture plate 103 secured to the mem'" ber 12 by screws 104 (see Fi s. 5 and 6), the

back-bone of the lamp, all of the mechanism T of the lam The electro e 21 being locate at the lower end of-the chimney, and the arc beingsubstane being carried b or from-itthrough one or more of the following spaces,

electrodes,

ing the series coil.

the opening 85, space betweenthe globe 83 and member 84, and s ace between the globe 83 and hood 82. y varying the-size of these apertures the amount of air admitted can of course be regulated. The action of the draft is highly important on account of its steadying and centralizingaction upon the arc. The construction employed gives the maxim-um amount of draft possible with alamp of given dimensions. The outer portion of the member 1 serves as a hood or shade to prevent dust and moisture from entering the chimney through the orifices 4.

While the lamp which we have illustrated and described in detail is particularly adapted for use in a constant current circuit, it will readily changes will be required to adapt the lamp for use on a constant potential circuit as can easily be made by one skilled in the art.

Vhatwe claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,

1. In an arc lamp, a pivoted non-consuming electrode and a second electrode, and means for simultaneously reciprocating said second electrode and oscillating the non consuming electrode; 2. In an arc lamp, a air of electrodes, a coil in shunt to the arc or moving them together, a'coil in series with the are for deenergizing the first-mentioned coil, and another coil in shunt to the are for denergiz- 3 In an arc lamp, 'a. central draft .tube having notches or grooves formed in its lower end, and a movable electrode adapted to pass through said notches or grooves.

4. In an arc lamp, a pair of electrodes, means for moving one of said electrodes in a direction to lessen the distance between said and means for automatically moving the other of said electrodesback and forth in a direction which maintains the distance between said electrodes at each feeding operation of the lamp.

5. In an arc lamp, an electrode, a second electrode having a portion from which the are is started, and another portion from which the arc is maintained, and a means for moving said latter electrode at each feeding operation to causeth'e arc to be started between the first portion and'the other elecbeunderstood that only such.

trode and to-be maintained between the second portion and the other electrode. 6. In an arc lamp, a non-consuming positive electrode, and means for causing an arc to start from one portion of said non-consuming electrode andto be maintained from another portion of said electrode.

7. In an arc lam-p, an electrode-carrying rod, a clutch member cooperating therewith,

means for moving said clutch member and thereby the rod upward against the action of gravity in order to feed the electrode, a second c utch. member cooperating with said rod, stops limiting the movement of said second clutch member, and means for holding said second clutch member in engagement with the rod at all times except when said second clutch member is in engagement with the stop member against which it is moved by the movement of the rod produced by said actuating clutch, the other of said stops limiting the movement in the arc-striking direction of the clutch and thereby the rod.

8. In an arc lamp, a consuming. negative electrode, a non-consuming positive electrode, and means for causing an are between said electrodes to extend fromone part of the non-consuming electrode at starting and starting.

9. In an arc lamp, a feeding magnet, a. winding in series with the are for rendering the feed magnet inoperative, and a winding in shunt to the are for rendering the series coil inoperative whenever the voltage of theare exceeds a predetermined amount.

10. In an arc lamp, the combination of a draft tube having: diametrically opposite slots, an electrodemount'ed on the draft tube, and meansfor moving. the electrode through and in scraping engagement with the walls of the slots. I v

11.- In anarc lam-p, anelectrode carrying memberfa clutch; actuated to engage said from another part of saidelectrode after member and to move it in one direction, a

second clutch. actuated to release said mem' her for gravitational movement in the other direction and means cooperating with the first-named clultch'to arrest the member after gravitational movement through a predetermined distance;

12. In an arc lamp, an electrode-carrying member, an actuating clutch therefor, me ans for mo-vr- :said actuating clutch and thereby the mem er in one direction, said clutc member being allowed to returnto the starting position'under the influence of gravity, and said clutch being arranged to disengage the memberon' such'return, a second clutch playing between a'pair of stops, and means v, 125

tending to'hold said second clutchlalways in engagement with said me'mber except when it engages one-of the stops between which it plays.

. member, an actuating an electrode-carrying clutch therefor, means for moving said clutch to cause it to engage said member and move it in one direction, and a second clutch normally engaging said 13. In an arc lamp,

member and playing between stops, the distance between said stops being less than the normal movement of the actuating clutch.

14. In an arc lamp, an electrode-carrying member tending to move by gravity to es-v tablish the arc and an arc length limiting clutch cooperating therewith, fixed stops between which said clutch moves, and means independent of the member for holding said clutch member in en agement with. the

electrode-carrying mem er at all times exinclosing globe below A abovesaid platform,

cept when the movement of said clutch member is checkedby its engagement with one of said stops. v I

15. In an arc lamp, a draft tube, a consuming electrode located in line with the axis of said tube, a non-consuming electrode located at the lower end of said tube, and means for moving it transversely of said tube in the feeding operation of the lamp] 16; In an arc lamp, a platform, an arc electrode feeding mechanismlocated within said casing, a' draft tube projecting through said platform with its lower end terminating just above the through said casing,

the backbone of the lamp.

normal position of the arc insaid are inclosing globe and its upper end projecting said draft tube forming 17. In an arc lamp, a movable electrode, a clutch for moving said electrode in one direction, a second clutch for releasing the electrode for movement in the opposite di- 'spect to the line of movement of the negative electrode.

20. In an arc lamp, a negative consuming electrode movable in 'the direction of its tive electrode the arcing surface said platform, a casing length, a positive non-consuming electrode movable transversely to the line of movement of the negative electrode, and means for automatically moving said electrodes in the manner described to start an are between the negative electrode and one portion of the positive electrode, and to cause said are to be normally maintained between the negative electrode and a second portion of said positive electrode. 4 v

21. In an arc lamp, a draft tube or chimney having an aperture formed in it, an electrode in the form of an arc, shaped bar pivotally connected to the draft tube or chimney number and passing through said aperture, and a feeding mechanism for starting and drawing an are from said electrode, said feeding mechanism comprising means for causing the normal arcing portion of the electrode to be moved out of and back into said draft tube or chimney member at each feeding operation.

22. In an arc lamp, a negative electrode movable in the direction of its length, aposiof which ismovabletransversely to the line of movement of the negative electrode, a device for cleaning the arcing surface of the positive electrode, and a feeding mechanism for moving the negative electrode in the direction of its length and for moving the positive electrode so that its arcing surface is brought jnto'oontact with the cleaning device at each feedin operation.

23 n an arc lamp, a negative electrode movable in the direction of its length, a positive non-consuming electrode, a cleaning device, a feeding mechanism for bringing about an engagement between the electrodes to start an are, said feeding mechanism comprising means for producmg a relative .movement between the positive electrode feeding and the cleaning device at each operation whereby the portion of the posi-' t ve electrode from which an are normally extends is cleaned at each feeding operation of the lamp. r

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this twelfth day of November, 1903.

RICHARD FLEMING. f CROMWELTIA. B. 'HALVORSON, JR. Witnesses:

DUGALD MoK. MoKILLo'r, JOHN A. McMANus.

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