US923505A - Engine. - Google Patents

Description

- E. FRANKLIN.

ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 14. 1907.

E; FRANKLIN. g ENGINE.. 'APPLICATION FILED-AUG,l 14, 1907.

923.505. y v-Ptented June 1,1909.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@Winans A. I

@Bawag E. PVRANKLI I.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, 1907.

Patented June 1, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Warum@ I ERNEST FRANKLIN, OF LPURTLAND, OREGON.

ENGINE To all whom. itmafg/ concern) v citizen of the United States, residing at Portland, in the county of Multnomah and State of Oregon, have invented new and useful Improvements in Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type and more particularly to that style 4of engine in which oppositeiy disposed pistons are ein p loyed to receive alternate ex lesions .for producing two impulsesfor eac revolution of the crank shaft of the engine, there beingv pumps embodied in the organization of the engine for delivering the explosive charges to the piston cylinders.

The invention has for one of its Vobjects to improve and simplify the' construction andv operation of apparatus of this character so as to be comparatively easy and inexpensive efficient in use.

the engine whereby the Working parts can be set into operation when it is Vdesired to start the engine, by m'eans of air or other fluid under pressure, the said device being so designed as to permit the engine to be operated in either direction.

A still further object. of the invention is the provision of an engine comprising pairs of oppositely disposed working and pump pistons and cylinders therefor, and automatically actuated valves for admitting the charges of explosive mixture to the pump cylinders and to' the working cylinders from the pumps, the exhaust of the spent gases being conducted olil through pistoneeovered ports in the working cylinders.

YV ith these objects in view and othersLas will appear as the description proceedspthe invention comprises the various novel features of construction and arrangement of parts which will be more fully described hereinafter and set forth with particularity in the claims appended hereto.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 a central longitudinal lsection el the engins talien in a plane parallel with the crank shalt. lfig. is a similar section taken at right angles to the section oll Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is. a transverse section on line 3`3, Fig. 1.

lliig. 4 is a transverse section on line 4e-4,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application nled August 14, `1907.

. working cylinders.

.Patented June l'` 19094 Serial No. 388,536.

Fig.- 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the Be it Known that I, ERNEST FRANKLi-ar, aA

valve-actuating eccentric.

Similar reference characters are employed to designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, A designates a `metal casting vformed with oppositely disposed working cylinders 1 and 2 that are separated by an integral head 3, the walls of the cylinders and the head being hollow to provide a'water space 4, whereby the parts can be cooled to the proper temperature. In thecylinders 1 and 2 are Apower pistons 5 and 6' which are suitably connectedto reciprocate together. The exterior surface, as Well as the interior surface of each c linder is accurately turned, and around tlie body A is a cylindrical casing B which lco erates with the body A to form pump cham ers 7 and 8 for receiving the mixture from a suitable source and conducting it into the Working to manufacture, and thoroughly reliable and. 5

cylinders. Operating in the pump chambers are pistons 9 and 1() each in the foim of a cylinder provided with a peripheral 'liange11 forming an annular head at the inner end thereof, and the cylindrical bodies of the pump pistons are of such diameter as to have a working fit withv the exterior of the The pump pistons are concentric with the working pistons and are preferably made separate therefrom, the Working pistons having external anges 12 at their outer ends that extend under internal flanges 13 on the lpump pistons and are secured thereto by screws or other fastenings 14 passing through tapped openings in the said flanges. ed together by spaced rods 15 extending parallel with the axis ofthe engine cylinders and having their ends'fastened to the heads 11 of i the pistons, whereby all ofthe pistons are rigidly connected together to move as a unitary structure.

'The casing B of the engine is preferably constructed in two symmetricaly parts b and lJ, each' part consisting-of a cylinder 16 of large diameter to form a pump chamber and a cylinder 17 of smaller diameter to form a chamber 18 into which the adj arentv working piston moves on its out stroke, each chamber having an outlet 19.

The body -A is formed with a central webY 2O contiguous with the' head 3 which separates the pump chambers 7. and 8, and on this web areoppositely extending annular The pump pistons are connectby a plate the inner ends lof thecasing sections t and b fit over these flanges and are suitably secured thereto. The web 205is hollow to communicate with the water space 4 and the said web is cast with apertured bosses 22 through which the connecting bars move. The upper chamber 18 is closed 23, while the lower chamber 18 communicates with the crank casing 24. In the crank chamber 4 are crank wheels 25 carrying a crank'pin 26 to which is attached a connecting rod 27, the upper end of the rod being connected with the lower piston 6. Thewheels are )provided with shafts28 that are journaled in bearings. 29 formed on the crankcasing 24. t the ends of the cyl* inders 1 and 2 are exh ust ports 30 that are covered and uncovered 'bythe pistons and the e ports communicate with the annular spaces 31 and 32 between adjacent power and p p pistons, and. each pump piston has an exhaust outlet 33 communicating with the said annular exhaust receiving chambers and flanges 21, and

. adapted to register with the outlets 19 of the the compressed charges into the chambers 18 when-either piston is at the end' of its outward stroke.

Communicatingwiththe chambers 7 and 8 at points 4 conduit 34 that is intended to be connected with a carbureter to supply the mixture charges to the pumps, there being in each branch 35 an automatic suction valve 36 for permitting a charge lto be drawn into the adjacent pump c linder as the piston thereof moves outward y and which closes during the in-strolie of the said piston. The charges, after being com pressl by the pumps, are admitted to the working cylinders through inlet ports 37, which ports are closed by valvesA 38. The ports are so arranged that the charge compressed in the lower pump will be delivere to the upper working cylinder and the charge compressed in the upper pump admitted to the lower working cylinder. The discharge v alve 37 of the pumps are provided With stems ,39 e tending into the cylinders of the respectiv pumps so as to be engaged by the piston at the inner end of the stroke for the purpose of automatically .opening' the valves at the proper point to admit p working cylindersftllierebeing compression springs 40 on the valve stemscfor automatically seating the valve as the pistons move out of engage' ment with the stems. Tl1eports37 lead into the intake chambers 41 formed in the web 2O and each chamber 41 connects'with its adj acentl working cylinderby an inclined passage 42 ast or otherwise formed in the h ead 3.

An engine. constructed and organized as described,\is` especially ad ted for startin r .L si? C luid underpressure and 1s also by means o capable of operating in', either direction. device employed for this purpose comprises valve casings 43 adjacent the web 20 is a branched piston valves 51 and 52 that ae adapted to open and close the ports 45a 46 and these valves are mountedlon a reciprocating rod 53v that passes through a guide 54 on a suitable part of the engine and carries an eccentric eccentric 56 shiftable on the crank shaft 28 for manipulating the valve to control the direction of rotation ofthe engine. Ilfhe valves 51 and 52, the ports controlled thereby, and the operating connections are so arranged that when it is desired to start the engine, either one of the ports 45 or 46 will be unfreely through either valve casing to operate on the outer faces of the pistons 11 to impart movement to the reciprocating element of.

the engine, .it being understood that the reciprocating element formed by the pistons tends to come to rest at a central point so according to the directionemaviementof the engine desired. After the engine is started, the eccentric can be shifted so that the eccentric strap will be at the middle or neutral part of thececcentricnvith the result that the valves 51' and 52 will remain stationary in such a position asito prevent the entrance of air to the chambers to act on the outer faces of the pistons 11. After the engine is started in this manner, a charge is drawn into one of the pumps during the initial stroke and then compressed on the i next stroke, when a charge is drawninto the other pump. At

lstroke for the first charge, the valve 38-is caused toopen to admit the charge into the companion workingcylind er when the piston On the succeeding stroke, the charge ad-n mitted to the working cylinder is compressed and at the same time a new charge admitted to `the other working cylinder, and at the end of this stroke, the compressed charge is fired so as to produce an im ulse. 1n this manner, the pumps alternate y supply thecharges to the working cylinders wherein the charges are fired alternately, .the firing being eeeted strap 5 5 which coperates with the reversing that the crank will not be on a dead center thereof has 1t"s"exhaust-portsruncovered,A

covered so that fluid under pressure can pass lof the pistons from the eccentric 56, the valves can be elther one of the outer faces of the pistons 11,

the end of the compression stood that the a pafatus shown is merely lillustrative and t at such changes may be made when desired, as are within the scope erated by the pump pistons.

.to canse the valves 51 and 52 to alternately of oppositely disposedvcylinders having a tons fitting the outside pistons-members for connecting the pump v head for the inner ends of the cylinders, a

by spark plugs S in the usual manner. The spent gases escape from the working cylinders when the ports 30 are uncovered V and pass into the 'annular exhaust chambers 3l and 32 and thence toa point of inalexhaust through the ports 33 and outlets 19.

l/Vhen it is desired to operate the engine with compressed air or the like, as when the engine is carrying an extra heavy load, the eccentric 56 isfadjusted to such a position as admit air or other Huid under pressureto the pump cylinders to act against the outer sides of the pistons 1l. In this manner, the elastic fluid will supplement the exploded gases in the working cylinders in driving the pistons, and thus augment the power of the engine.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, theI advantages of the construction and of the method of operation will--fbe readily apparent to those skilled in the art to whichv the present invention appertains, and while I have described the principle of operation of the invention,together'with the apparatus which I now considerto' be the best embodiment thereof, I desire to have it underof the claims,

. Having thus described the inventi'omwhat I claim is :i r

1. In an engine, the combination of a pair common head, a'casing around the cylinders cooperating therewith to form annular pump chambers, valve controlled inlets communicating with the pump. chambers, Working pistons in the cylinders, pump pisof the cylinders and Workingin the said chambers and each arranged-concentrically around the Working piston, means for detachably connecting the pump pistons with the adjacent working pistons whereby the pistons move together as a unitary structure, ports between the pump chambers and cylinders, land valves 'controlling 4theports and arranged to be op.-

2. In an engine, the combination of a body consisting of oppositely'disposed cylinders open at their outer ends, a common web extending around thehead, annular flanges extending in opposite directions from the web, admission ports in the web, and conduits between the ports and inner ends of the; cylinders; a two-part casing", y'

having eacli' aitnsurrounding a cylinder and fitting an a ijacent annular flange on the vsaid web and forming with the ,inclosed cylpistons mounted therein, cylinders surrounding the working cylinders to form separate annular' chambers, annular pistons vin the chambers and connected with the working pistons for pum )ing charges of mixture into the workingV4 cylinders, a crank shaft, and means for connecting the pistons with the shaft, with an auxiliary mechanism for driving the working parts of the engine, said mechanism comprising separatejvalve casings, ports between the casings and the said annular'chambers of the engine to admit a starting fluid to the sides of the annular pis- .tons opposite from those acting to pump the charges to the working cylinders, valves in the said casings for cont-rolling the supply of fluid to the said annular chambers, means for supplying lluidzkto the casings, and means for actuating the valves. Y

4.. The combination of an engine 'comprising a pair of working cylinders, pistons therein, avpair of larger cylinders .connected with and lsurrounding the working cylinders to provide annular chambers, ports between theA chambers.` and working cylinders, annular pistons in the chambers for forcing fuel charges through' the ports to the working cylinders, means for connecting the two sets of pistons together, a crank shaft, and a connecting means between the shaft and pistons, with an auxiliary mechanism for driving the engine, said mechanism ycomprising separate valve casings, means for admitting lluidunder pressure to between the casings and the annular chambers of the engine to admit Huid under pressure to act on the outer faces of the annular pistons, iston valves in the casings for coverin an uncovering the ports, means connec ing the valves to move'simultaneously, and an adjustable mechanism between-the valves and crank shaft of the engine to operate the latter in either direction.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence 0f two witnesses.A

ERNEST FRANKLIN. Witnesses:

H. T. JOHNSON,

BARTLETT COLE.

A th'ecasings, exhaust\ .conduits connected with the casings, ports

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